激光驱动内爆二维数值模拟方法及其程序(Lared-I)的研究

为惯性约束聚变（ＩＣＦ）研究提供了激光驱动内爆二维数值模拟方法及其２Ｄ３ＴＨＬ应用程序。该模拟方法扫描的主要物理过程包括质量守恒、动量守恒以及电子温度、离子温度、光子温度脱离和真实状态方程的二维可压缩辐射流体力学方程组，自变量采取二维平面价值（ｘ，ｙ）和手维柱坐标（ｘ，ｚ）。程序设计采用模块式结构，具有良好的前处理、后处理、网格重分和滑称、自动移心、自动选取时间步长等多种功能。     

塑性有限元法在金属轧制过程中组织演化模拟进展

介绍了塑性有限元法在金属轧制过程中组织演化模拟的发展历程和新进展,包括刚塑性有限元法和弹塑性有限元法的理论基础;通过物理冶金模型有限元模拟轧制过程中的组织演变;元胞自动机与有限元结合进行轧制过程多尺度综合模拟;利用晶体塑性有限元研究轧制过程中成形极限、取向织构和空洞长大行为等。最后展望了其今后的发展趋势。     

2D Metal Chalcogenides for IR Photodetection

Infrared (IR) photodetectors are finding diverse applications in imaging, information communication, military, etc. 2D metal chalcogenides (2DMCs) have attracted increasing interest in view of their unique structures and extraordinary physical properties. They have demonstrated outstanding IR detection performance including high responsivity and detectivity, high on/off ratio, fast response rate, stable room temperature operability, and good mechanical flexibility, which has opened up a new prospect in next‐generation IR photodetectors. This Review presents a comprehensive summary of recent progress in advanced IR photodetectors based on 2DMCs. The rationale of the photodetectors containing photocurrent generation mechanisms and performance parameters are briefly introduced. The device performances of 2DMCs‐based IR photodetectors are also systematically summarized, and some representative achievements are highlighted as well. Finally, conclusions and outlooks are delivered as a guideline for this thriving field.     

低密阻尼金属/金属复合体材料的组织与性能研究

采用快速凝固／粉末冶金法成功地研制出Ａｌ－７．０９％Ｆｅ－１．３４％Ｍｏ－１．４５％Ｓｉ（ＦＭＳ０７１４）合金及其金属／金属复合体材料ＦＭＳ０７１４／１５％Ａｌ和ＦＭＳ０７１４／１０％（Ｚｎ－３０％Ａｌ）,考察了其组织、拉伸性能、阻尼性能和密度,产散锻铝ＬＤ７ＣＳ合金进行了对比。结果表明：ＦＭＳ０７１４合金本身就具有较好的拉伸与阻尼性能。添加纯Ａｌ和Ｚｎ－３０％Ａｌ合金粉均使其强度下降,而 ＦＭＷ     

2D Organic Materials for Optoelectronic Applications

The remarkable merits of 2D materials with atomically thin structures and optoelectronic attributes have inspired great interest in integrating 2D materials into electronics and optoelectronics. Moreover, as an emerging field in the 2D‐materials family, assembly of organic nanostructures into 2D forms offers the advantages of molecular diversity, intrinsic flexibility, ease of processing, light weight, and so on, providing an exciting prospect for optoelectronic applications. Herein, the applications of organic 2D materials for optoelectronic devices are a main focus. Material examples include 2D, organic, crystalline, small molecules, polymers, self‐assembly monolayers, and covalent organic frameworks. The protocols for 2D‐organic‐crystal‐fabrication and ‐patterning techniques are briefly discussed, then applications in optoelectronic devices are introduced in detail. Overall, an introduction to what is known and suggestions for the potential of many exciting developments are presented.     

显微组织三维重构技术在材料科学研究领域中的应用

材料显微组织三维重构与定量表征是材料科学与工程领域的焦点与核心之一。该方法可将材料的内部结构信息及其与性能之间的关系直观地呈现出来,对全面认识材料微观结构并建立材料组织与性能之间的定量关系具有重要作用。总结了国内外关于显微组织三维重构技术在材料研究领域中的应用,并阐述了各种方法,分析比较了各自的优缺点,寻求高精度材料微观组织三维重构方法,有利于促进材料微观组织形态由二维定性表征向三维定量表征的过渡。     

金属材料信息的软件--《金属材料咨询系统》

叙述了软件<金属材料咨询系统>的研制开发和内容特点,指出此软件是一个金属材料信息存储、管理、查询和研究的高效优质的工具软件,使用面广,具有显著的经济和社会效益.     

水泥基材料微结构演变及其传输性能的数值模拟

水泥基材料劣化的本质是由于侵蚀性介质通过传输通道进入材料内部生成腐蚀物质,从而对结构造成破坏.因此,结构耐久性与侵蚀介质在水泥基材料中的传输行为密切相关.已有的混凝土寿命预测模型和耐久性评估研究主要基于Fick和Darcy定律,本文从水泥基材料微结构出发,结合最新的国内外研究成果,对孔结构演变及其传输性能的数值模拟研究进展进行阐述,对促进结构耐久性的研究具有一定的指导意义.     

3D打印用金属粉末球形度分析方法

采用扫描电镜背散射电子模式对3D打印用的金属粉末进行形貌观察,并结合图像分析软件分析其球形度。结果表明:采用图像分析软件对3D打印用金属粉末图片进行识别时,扫描电镜背散射电子模式图片优于二次电子模式图片;对于粒形较差的3D打印金属粉末,可在图像分析软件对图片颗粒自动识别后,再进行手动分离,以提高金属粉末球形度分析的准确性。     

2D Layered Materials for Fast-Charging Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

The development of electric vehicles has received worldwide attention in the background of reducing carbon emissions, wherein lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) become the primary energy supply systems. However, commercial graphite-based anodes in LIBs currently confront significant difficulty in enduring ultrahigh power input due to the slow Li⁺ transport rate and the low intercalation potential. This will, in turn, cause dramatic capacity decay and lithium plating. The 2D layered materials (2DLMs) recently emerge as new fast-charging anodes and hold huge promise for resolving the problems owing to the synergistic effect of a lower Li⁺ diffusion barrier, a proper Li⁺ intercalation potential, and a higher theoretical specific capacity with using them. In this review, the background and fundamentals of fast-charging for LIBs are first introduced. Then the research progress recently made for 2DLMs used for fast-charging anodes are elaborated and discussed. Some emerging research directions in this field with a short outlook on future studies are further discussed.     

Confinement Catalysis with 2D Materials for Energy Conversion

The unique electronic and structural properties of 2D materials have triggered wide research interest in catalysis. The lattice of 2D materials and the interface between 2D covers and other substrates provide intriguing confinement environments for active sites, which has stimulated a rising area of “confinement catalysis with 2D materials.” Fundamental understanding of confinement catalysis with 2D materials will favor the rational design of high‐performance 2D nanocatalysts. Confinement catalysis with 2D materials has found extensive applications in energy‐related reaction processes, especially in the conversion of small energy‐related molecules such as O₂, CH₄, CO, CO₂, H₂O, and CH₃OH. Two representative strategies, i.e., 2D lattice‐confined single atoms and 2D cover‐confined metals, have been applied to construct 2D confinement catalytic systems with superior catalytic activity and stability. Herein, the recent advances in the design, applications, and structure–performance analysis of two 2D confinement catalytic systems are summarized. The different routes for tuning the electronic states of 2D confinement catalysts are highlighted and perspectives on confinement catalysis with 2D materials toward energy conversion and utilization in the future are provided.     

Thermomechanical Nanocutting of 2D Materials

Atomically thin materials, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, are promising candidates for future applications in micro/nanodevices and systems. For most applications, functional nanostructures have to be patterned by lithography. Developing lithography techniques for 2D materials is essential for system integration and wafer-scale manufacturing. Here, a thermomechanical indentation technique is demonstrated, which allows for the direct cutting of 2D materials using a heated scanning nanotip. Arbitrarily shaped cuts with a resolution of 20 nm are obtained in monolayer 2D materials, i.e., molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe₂), molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), and molybdenum diselenide (MoSe₂), by thermomechanically cleaving the chemical bonds and by rapid sublimation of the polymer layer underneath the 2D material layer. Several micro/nanoribbon structures are fabricated and electrically characterized to demonstrate the process for device fabrication. The proposed direct nanocutting technique allows for precisely tailoring nanostructures of 2D materials with foreseen applications in the fabrication of electronic and photonic nanodevices.     

纳米多孔无机材料的显微结构设计

综述了近年来在制备纳米多孔无机材料时对材料显微结构设计的一些主要思路，并结合近年来纳米多孔无机材料在能源、光电子、材料、化工等领域的实际应用，讨论了此类材料目前面临的问题和今后研究发展的方向。众多研究显示，充分发挥纳米尺寸孔的结构优势和无机材料本身优良的化学性能是此类材料开发的核心思路。对材料纳米结构的控制、梯度孔径的控制、表面修饰技术、制备工艺的优化可改善材料性能，拓展其应用领域；新型纳米多孔无机材料将朝着多种材料复合，多级结构并存的方向发展。     

Revisiting the Buckling Metrology Method to Determine the Young's Modulus of 2D Materials

Measuring the mechanical properties of 2D materials is a formidable task. While regular electrical and optical probing techniques are suitable even for atomically thin materials, conventional mechanical tests cannot be directly applied. Therefore, new mechanical testing techniques need to be developed. Up to now, the most widespread approaches require micro‐fabrication to create freely suspended membranes, rendering their implementation complex and costly. Here, a simple yet powerful technique is revisited to measure the mechanical properties of thin films. The buckling metrology method, that does not require the fabrication of freely suspended structures, is used to determine the Young's modulus of several transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS₂, MoSe₂, WS₂, and WSe₂) with thicknesses ranging from 2 to 10 layers. The obtained values for the Young's modulus and their uncertainty are critically compared with previously published results, finding that this simple technique provides results which are in good agreement with those reported using other highly sophisticated testing methods. By comparing the cost, complexity, and time required for the different methods reported in the literature, the buckling metrology method presents certain advantages that make it an interesting mechanical test tool for 2D materials.