热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢拉伸性能的影响

研究了热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢拉伸性能的影响,并对断口形貌进行了分析.结果表明:在950～1 150 ℃固溶2 h,其强度和塑性与固溶温度呈复杂关系,在950℃和1 150℃固溶处理的强度比1 050℃的高,但塑性降低;1 050℃固溶后,在850℃时效处理材料强度有所提高,塑性明显降低;1050℃固溶后,在475℃时效处理材料强度明显提高,塑性略有降低.固溶处理后微观断口以韧窝为主要特征;850℃时效处理后断口出现解理的小平面和二次裂纹;475℃时效处理后断口以韧窝为主并伴有局部的解理断裂.     

热处理对2205双相不锈钢焊接接头力学性能的影响

对手工焊接2205双相不锈钢接头进行1 050℃固溶处理,随后在850℃进行不同保温时间的时效处理,采用光学显微镜观察不同热处理状态下接头各区域组织演变特征及σ相的分布情况,利用硬度仪、拉伸和冲击试验机对焊接接头进行力学性能试验,并借助扫描电镜分析冲击断口形貌与断裂机制。结果表明,焊后1 050℃固溶处理可有效改善2205双相不锈钢焊接接头的组织和性能;在850℃时效处理后,母材区、焊缝区和热影响区均有σ相沿铁素体与奥氏体晶界析出,随着时效时间的延长,σ相向铁素体内部长大,且含量增加,其中焊缝区对σ相的析出行为最为敏感;接头各区域中σ相的析出使母材区和焊缝区的硬度值增加明显,且焊缝区的硬度增长较快;焊接接头的抗拉强度由于脆性σ相的析出有所提高,但塑性和冲击韧度显著下降;冲击断口的断裂机制由固溶态的混合断裂向时效处理后以解理断裂为特征的脆性断裂转变。     

热处理工艺对Ti2AlNb惯性摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

针对Ti_2AlNb合金惯性摩擦焊接接头开展了热处理工艺试验研究,分析了不同热处理工艺对焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响。研究表明,固溶态母材由α2、B2和O相构成,α2相呈球状或块状分布于B2相晶界上,O相呈棒状平行或交叉分布于B2相晶粒内部;固溶+单时效态合金母材由B2+O两相组成。焊态下的接头焊缝区及热力影响区基本为B2相组织,双时效处理后大部分B2相转变成晶界网状O相+晶内针状及块状O相组织,单时效处理的接头焊缝区及热力影响区晶界基本无O相组织存在,B2相晶内转变为细密层片状B2+O相共析组织。三种热处理状态的接头各区域显微硬度分布基本一致,焊后双时效提高了O相组织的析出而起到强化作用并提高了接头的显微硬度。焊前为固溶态+焊后双时效处理的接头室温抗拉强度最高且为1 193 MPa;焊后双时效处理的接头室温拉伸断口以准解理断裂为主,焊后单时效处理的接头室温拉伸断口以解理断裂为主,且解理小平面尺寸较大,抗拉强度稍低。焊前为固溶态+焊后双时效处理的接头在650℃高温下的抗拉强度依然最高且为986MPa,断口上能够观察到较浅的韧窝,为沿晶的韧性断裂;焊前为固溶态+时效处理的接头断口形貌基本相同,接头断裂形式以解理断裂为主,并含有少量的准解理断口。     

铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织热稳定性

在焊后热处理过程中,搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区细小的再结晶晶粒在高温下极不稳定,很容易发生晶粒异常长大降低接头性能。研究2024铝合金和7075-2024异质铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织热稳定性,结果发现：增大搅拌头转速、降低焊速有利于提高接头组织热稳定性,接头焊核区晶粒尺寸差异越小,第二相粒子尺寸越小,密度越大,接头组织热稳定性越好;降低固溶温度或缩短固溶时间可以降低晶粒异常长大程度,但接头力学性能将发生下降。对于3 mm厚2024铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头,在ω=2 500 r/min, v=20 mm/min的焊接参数下,495℃-30 min固溶处理后接头无明显晶粒异常长大现象。对于1.5 mm厚7075-2024异质铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头,在ω=2 500 r/min, v=50 mm/min的焊接参数下,450℃-20 min固溶处理后接头晶粒异常长大基本得到控制,接头强度达到母材的90%。研究结果表明优化焊接工艺参数和焊后热处理工艺参数能获得较好的晶粒异常长大抑制效果,为铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织性能调控提供参考。     

固溶时效对Inconel718合金组织和力学性能的影响

对Inconel718合金进行了(9201 060℃)×1.5h+(650850)℃×(610)h的固溶时效处理,研究了固溶温度和时效温度、时间对合金组织和力学性能的影响,并获得了较理想的固溶时效工艺。结果表明:时效处理后,合金的硬度较固溶态的明显提高;随固溶温度升高,奥氏体晶粒长大,δ相逐渐溶解,较适宜的固溶温度为1 000~1 020℃;随时效时间延长,合金中析出相的弥散强化效果更佳,屈强比提高显著;在1 000~1 020℃固溶+750℃×10h时效处理后,合金的力学性能最佳,抗拉强度超过1 200 MPa,室温冲击吸收功超过120J,硬度超过310HV10。     

固溶和时效对0Cr21Ni6Mn9N含氮奥氏体不锈钢组织的影响

采用光学显微镜研究了固溶和时效处理对0Cr21Ni6Mn9N含氮奥氏体不锈钢显微组织的影响。结果表明:0Cr21Ni6Mn9N钢冷拔管经1 100℃固溶处理后,晶粒尺寸变大,孪晶数量增多且层厚增加,晶界及晶粒均很清晰,无任何析出物;经固溶及650℃时效处理后,晶粒尺寸与固溶态的相差不大,但晶界上有大量黑色粒状M23C6相析出;经固溶及850℃时效处理后,出现大晶粒吞并小晶粒的现象,晶粒发生了二次长大,且晶界处的M23C6相数量较650℃时效的有所减少。     

焊后热处理对Cu-Cr-Zr合金搅拌摩擦焊接头组织与力学性能的影响

对5 mm厚Cu-Cr-Zr合金板进行搅拌摩擦对接焊,在不同时效温度(400,450,500℃)下对接头进行热处理,研究了热处理对接头组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:焊后热处理后,焊核区晶粒尺寸未发生明显变化,热机影响区弯曲变形的晶粒基本消失;焊后热处理后,在焊接过程中固溶至基体中的强化相重新析出,但500℃焊后热处理...     

热处理工艺对含铌GH2132合金组织和性能的影响

通过光学显微镜及力学性能试验机,研究了不同热处理工艺对锻态GH2132合金显微组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:锻造后空冷可以对GH2132合金起到固溶作用;锻态GH2132合金经时效处理后的强度比经固溶+时效处理后的强度更高,晶粒更细;固溶温度是影响合金抗拉强度和屈服强度的主要原因,固溶温度越低,强度越高,晶粒尺寸越小;锻态合金经时效处理后可得到高抗拉强度、低冲击功;经较高温度固溶+时效处理后可以得到稍低的抗拉强度和较高的冲击功。     

不同工艺高温固溶与时效处理后SP-700钛合金的组织与性能

将SP-700钛合金在β相区1 000℃固溶15 min后,降温至(α+β)相区进行不同时间(3～10 min)和温度(650～900℃)下的固溶处理以及不同温度(370～650℃)和时间(15,90 min)的单级时效处理和280℃低温预时效+第二级时效的双级时效处理,研究了不同工艺下合金的组织和性能。结果表明：在850℃下固溶后合金中α相的体积分数随固溶时间的延长而增加,当固溶时间为5 min时,合金具有较好的强塑性匹配;在5 min固溶时间下,α相体积分数随固溶温度的升高而减小,当固溶温度为650℃时,合金具有较好的强塑性匹配。β相区固溶+单级/双级时效后,合金基本由β晶粒、α相以及针状马氏体组成;在时效温度650℃和时间90 min下单级时效或时效温度650℃和时间15 min下双级时效后,合金均具有较好的强塑性匹配。     

固溶温度对新型高强变形铝合金组织和力学性能的影响

通过研究一种高强变形铝合金固溶处理温度对其组织和性能的影响规律,探讨了在固溶处理过程中温度对合金组织及性能影响的机理。结果表明:在相同的时效处理工艺下,550～560℃的固溶处理温度可使合金达到较高的力学性能,相对于未经形变处理的合金材料,固溶温度可以提高5～10℃。     

超高速滑动电接触CuCrZr合金轨道表面磨损机制及电接触性能

电磁轨道发射具有典型超高速滑动电接触特性（出口速度大于等于2 000 m/s）,电磁轨道表面会发生磨损。为研究轨道表面磨损状态与接触电阻之间关系,通过开展电磁轨道发射试验,研究发射后的CuCrZr轨道表面沉积层的形成与磨损机制,揭示枢轨间静态接触电阻的演变规律,总结沉积层的形成与接触电阻的关联关系。结果表明：沿着发射方向,轨道表面沉积层覆盖面积逐渐增大,沉积层的形成机制由摩擦材料转移变为电枢表面熔化飞溅,表面磨损特征由机械磨损向电气磨损转变;由于轨道不同位置沉积层形成原因不同,导致表面粗糙度分布不一致,枢轨间静态接触电阻随接触沉积层形貌特征改变呈现上升、下降及波动3个变化阶段;并且枢轨间静态接触电阻随着接触压力的增大而减小。研究成果对电磁轨道发射装备的研究及发射动力学研究具有理论价值。     

Tribological Properties of Al<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript>/CuCrZr Composites

Al₂O₃ particles reinforced Cu–Cr–Zr alloy matrix composite was fabricated through a powder metallurgy plus hot extrusion process by using the water atomization Cu–Cr–Zr powder as raw material. The effect of aging treatment on the tribological behavior of the composite was investigated. Experimental results show that tiny coherent precipitated phases were formed in the matrix after proper aging treatment and therefore good combination properties could be obtained. The wear rates of the Al₂O₃/CuCrZr composite and its matrix alloy were obviously influenced by the aging treatment, wherein the best wear resistance was reached at the aging temperature corresponding to the highest Vickers hardness. The major reason was that the depth of plastic deformation in the subsurface region was dramatically decreased due to the improvement of mechanical properties of the matrix, and therefore adhesion induced surface materials loss could be markedly alleviated. By comparing with the SiC20 vol%/Cu composite, it is indicated that the Al₂O₃/CuCrZr composite exhibited much better wear resistance as well as higher electrical conductivity.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....