Risk assessment of Bt crops on the non‐target plant‐associated insects and soil organisms

Transgenic plants containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) genes are being cultivated worldwide to express toxic insecticidal proteins. However, the commercial utilisation of Bt crops greatly highlights biosafety issues worldwide. Therefore, assessing the risks caused by genetically modified crops prior to their commercial cultivation is a critical issue to be addressed. In agricultural biotechnology, the goal of safety assessment is not just to identify the safety of a genetically modified (GM) plant, rather to demonstrate its impact on the ecosystem. Various experimental studies have been made worldwide during the last 20 years to investigate the risks and fears associated with non‐target organisms (NTOs). The NTOs include beneficial insects, natural pest controllers, rhizobacteria, growth promoting microbes, pollinators, soil dwellers, aquatic and terrestrial vertebrates, mammals and humans. To highlight all the possible risks associated with different GM events, information has been gathered from a total of 76 articles, regarding non‐target plant and soil inhabiting organisms, and summarised in the form of the current review article. No significant harmful impact has been reported in any case study related to approved GM events, although critical risk assessments are still needed before commercialisation of these crops. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

A recent review of non‐biological remediation of aflatoxin‐contaminated crops

Aflatoxins are highly toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic compounds produced predominantly as secondary metabolites by certain species of fungi belonging to the Aspergillus genus. Owing to the significant health risks and economic impacts associated with the presence of aflatoxins in agricultural commodities, a considerable amount of research has been directed at finding methods to prevent toxicity. This review compiles the recent literature of methods for the detoxification and management of aflatoxin in post‐harvest agricultural crops using non‐biological remediation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

即食五谷蛋白糊系列产品研制

开发了以大豆、谷物、蔬菜等为原料的即食五谷蛋白糊系列产品,并经研究试验确定了最佳工艺路线和配方Ⅰ。此类食品为方便、快捷、廉价、营养美味的纯天然食品,有广阔的市场前景。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定粮食中6种大豆异黄酮

目的建立高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定粮食中6种大豆异黄酮(大豆苷、大豆黄苷、染料木苷、大豆素、大豆黄素和染料木素)含量的分析方法。方法准确称取一定量粉碎混匀后的样品,经80%甲醇提取后取上清液,过0.22μm有机相滤膜上机。采用Thermo Syncronis C18柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以0.5%甲酸水溶液(A)、乙腈(B)和甲醇(C)作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,流速0.8m L/min,柱温为35℃,于紫外检测器波长260 nm处检测,大豆异黄酮各组分含量以外标法进行定量。结果本方法在30 min内完成6种大豆异黄酮的分离分析,大豆异黄酮各组分浓度在0.2~50μg/mL范围内呈良好的线性关系(r0.999),平均加标回收率为96.9%~107.8%,相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation,RSD)为0.6%~5.0%,检出限为0.03~0.1μg/mL,定量限为0.1~0.3μg/mL。结论建立的方法具有较高的灵敏度和重复性,能满足不同粮食种类中大豆异黄酮含量测定。     

环状糊精的络合作用及其在食品中的应用

环状糊精(Cyclodextrins,CDs)是一类由α-吡喃葡萄糖形成的环状寡聚物,它是淀粉在专用酶的作用下转化生成,是国际公认的食品添加剂。CDs具有一定分子大小的空囊,它可以包埋多种分子于其空穴中。因此,可以形成一种称为"包含络合物"的络合物。这种包含络合物由主体和客体分子通过分子之间的范德华力和氢键相互作用所组成。本文主要对CDs结构、客体分子性质及CDs包埋客体分子在溶液中的性质等对络合物形成的影响进行了讨论,对CDs在食品工业中应用管理及CDs在食品工业中应用的最新现状进行了综述介绍。     

Sensory and compositional attributes of melting‐ and non‐melting‐flesh peaches for the fresh market

A study was conducted to determine differences in sensory and compositional characteristics of melting‐flesh (MF) and non‐melting flesh (NMF) fresh market peach genotypes. Sensory results showed that the NMF fruit (‘Oro A’ and FL 86‐28C) were ‘harder’, less ‘juicy’ and more ‘rubbery’ than their MF (FL 90‐20 and ‘TropicBeauty’) counterparts. A principal component analysis of the sensory data showed a clear distinction between the textural aspects of MF and NMF fruit, but not between their flavour aspects. Likewise, chemical analysis showed that while differences in pH, titratable acidity, and soluble solids were detected among the four genotypes, no consistent grouping could be made based on the MF/NMF nature of the fruit. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry     

Recent advances in the use of composite titanium dioxide nanomaterials in the food industry

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanomaterials have attracted significant attention due to their good biocompatibility and potential for multifunctional applications. In the last few years, there has been growing interest in the use of TiO₂ nanomaterials in the food industry. However, a systematic review of the synthesis methods, properties, and applications of TiO₂ nanomaterials in the food industry is lacking. In this review, we provide a summary of the synthesis and properties of TiO₂ nanomaterials and their composites, with a focus on their applications in the food industry. We also discuss the potential benefits and risks of using TiO₂ nanomaterials in food applications. This review aims to promote food innovation and improve food quality and safety.     

从食品安全现状谈食品安全标准化体系的建设

“民以食为天,食以安为先”,食品质量安全问题一直是我们关注的焦点。结合近年来频发的食品安全问题以及食品标准化的现状,提出了一些关于食品标准化体系建设的意见和建议,以期加强食品标准化体系建设,进一步做好食品安全工作,为食品安全筑起一道坚实的防火墙。     

Accurate repair of non‐cohesive,double strand breaks in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: enhancement by homology‐assisted end‐joining

Although the joining of blunt ends in yeast by non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) is reported to be inefficient in comparison to cohesive‐end joining (Boulton and Jackson, 1996 ), we find that efficiency varies greatly, depending on strain, growth phase and sequence. In particular, the levels of efficiency of recircularization of a plasmid linearized by non‐cohesive cleavage is augmented to that of cohesive end joining if the cleavage cut site is flanked by sequences present in the genome. We call this enhancement ‘homology‐assisted end joining’ (HAEJ), which depends on components of the NHEJ repair pathway and, in some cases, on components of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway and on Htl1 a component of the remodels structure of chromatin (RSC) complex. The homologous genome sequences are not used as templates for repair DNA synthesis, but may facilitate end‐to‐end collision and ligation by providing a track for guided diffusion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小球藻在食品中的应用研究进展

现代食品工业正朝着绿色健康、便利的方向发展,具有保健功能的天然产物将是今后新型食品的一个重要发展方向。小球藻因高蛋白、富含类胡萝卜素、维生素等特点,具有多种保健功能,可作为功能性食品或保健品应用于食品行业中。本文综述了近年来小球藻在保健食品、功能性食品中的研究和应用进展,着重介绍了小球藻在保健食品及主食、副食、饮料等功能性食品中的具体应用和国内外研究进展,以期为今后小球藻在食品行业中的应用提供参考。      

中国食品会展业的发展现状及其在食品品牌打造中的作用

本文就作为会展业的一个分支,中国食品博览会或中国食品博览会暨交易会(以下简称\     

纳米技术在食品加工中的应用

论述了纳米技术在食品加工、食品机械、食品包装、食品检测中的应用,并阐述了纳米食品的概况。     

生物技术在食品工业中的应用

介绍了生物技术在食品工业中的应用,主要包手微生物技术,酶技术,基因工程技术的应用。生物技术可以直接用来生产食品、食品原料或添加剂,还可以改善食品质量。     

Differentiation of post harvest date fruit varieties non‐destructively using FT‐NIR spectroscopy

The world production of dates has more than doubled over the last two decades. Presently, the industrial sorting of dates is a difficult operation, affected by a high level of losses. As a consequence, the objective of this article is to study the variety discrimination capabilities of Fourier Transform‐Near Infrared (FT‐NIR) reflectance spectroscopy for post‐harvest sorting purposes. The same methodology was tested on six commercial date varieties named Estamaran, Kabkab, Mazafati, Piarom, Deglet nour and Zahedi. For each cultivar, 100 fruits were analysed using the FT‐NIR spectrometer, subsequently characterised by destructive measurements. A multivariate analysis of the FT‐NIR spectra appears a feasible tool for cultivar discrimination and even to estimate the soluble solid content (SSC) and dry matter (DM) of dates at their optimal harvesting conditions. FT‐NIR, as a non‐destructive techniques, could be a suitable way for on‐line screening of different dates varieties.     

浅析食品检测实验室信息化管理建设

简要介绍了食品检测实验室信息化管理系统和其在食品检测实验室的应用,分析了食品检测实验室在信息化建设方面存在的一些问题,并提出了一些建议。