CaO—SiO2—P2O5—H2O系统中CBC材料的溶胶—凝胶过程研究：II.凝胶的…

利用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ，ＳＥＭ及＾２９Ｓｉ，＾３１Ｐ－ＮＭＲ等测试技术研究了ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｐ２Ｏ５－Ｈ２Ｏ系统中干凝胶在烧成过程中的物相变化及物相间发生的化学反应，认为凝胶在烧成过程的不同阶段发生的主要化学反应如下：（１）６７３～７７３Ｋ，由Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２．４Ｈ２Ｏ反应生成了ＯＨＡｐ；（２）７３３～８７３Ｋ，由Ｃａ２Ｐ２Ｏ７和ＣａＯ反应生成了β－Ｃ３Ｐ；（３）８７３～９７３Ｋ；由Ｃ     

用N235从HCl—H2SO4混酸溶液中萃取铜（II）的研究

某厂生产化学品排放的含铜废酸液中，含铜８～１２ｇ／ｌ废酸的浓度高达５～６ｍｏｌ／ｄｍ＾３，我们先用Ｎ２３５萃取铜，提取铜后的废液供钢铁厂作酸洗液。本文从ＨＣｌ－Ｈ２ＳＯ４混酸溶液中对Ｎ２３５萃取铜的条件，萃取平衡反应以及萃合物组成等进行了研究。     

稀土助剂改良的铬铝催化剂上丙烷脱氢宏观动力学

Ｃｒ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ２Ｏ３催化剂用稀土助剂处理后,提高了其对脱氢反应的稳定性,并在此基础上进行了丙烷脱氢反应实验和同反应学研究,在温度８７３－８９３Ｋ,空速５１０ｈ＾－１的反应条件下,丙烷脱氢转化率约为５０％,丙烯选择性约为９０％,其宏观动力学中用ｒＣ３Ｈ６＝ｋ（ＰＣ３Ｈ８－Ｐ＾２Ｃ３Ｈ６／Ｋ）来描述。     

1—甲氧基—4—烷氧基苯的合成及表征

用对甲氧苯酚（ＭＯＰｈ）,Ｈ（ＣＨ２）ｎＢｒ（ｎ＝２,４,７,８,１０）和ＣＨ３ＯＮａ／ＣＨ３ＯＨ在Ｎ２气保护下回流反应１６ｈ得到相应的１－甲氧基－４－烷氧基醚,产物结构由ＩＲ和＾ＨＮＭＲ来确定,讨论了各种反应条件对产率的影响。     

在H2SO4—HOAc水溶液体系中咔唑3—位偶合的动力学特征

本文研究了Ｈ２ＳＯ４－ＨＯＡｃ中咔唑化合物３－位上与芳胺重氮盐偶合的反应级数，讨论了该反应有关ｔ，ＣＢＯ，ＸＢ的一些动力学特征。实验结果证明，该偶合反应为典型的二级反应，２２．５℃和４０℃时的反应速率常数分别为０．４６４３（ｍｏｌ／ｌ）＾－１ｈｒ＾－１和２．８３３０（ｍｏｌ／ｌ）＾－１ｈｒ＾－１；提高反应秀初始浓度及反应温度有利于反应的进行。     

甲烷二氧化碳低温直接转化的可能性

对近年来ＣＨ４的低温活化的研究结果进行了评述,结合对ＣＨ４的两步反应同系化及ＣＯ２加氢研究成果,提出了由ＣＨ４－ＣＯ２低温转化直接合成Ｃ＾２＋含氧化合物的两步法技术路线及催化剂体系,论证了其可能性。     

O,O—二烷基磷酰胍及衍生物的合成

用硫脲，Ｓ－乙基异硫脲和胍与二烷基亚磷酸酯在四氯化碳的碱溶液中反应得到产率满意的磷酰化产物，它们的通式是：（ＲＯ）２ＰＮＨＣＮＲ′Ｒ″ＯＮＨ和（ＲＯ）２ＰＮＨＣＯＳＥｔＮＨ２，其中：Ｒ＝ｎ－Ｃ４Ｈ９—，ｉ－Ｃ４Ｈ９—，ｓｅｃ－Ｃ４Ｈ９—，ｎ－Ｃ６Ｈ１３—；Ｒ′＝Ｒ″＝Ｈ－，ＣＨ３ＣＨ２—。其中７种化合物未见文献报道。以上这些产物对金属离子的萃取作用，本文作了初步探索     

N,N-二辛基甘氨酸萃取铑的机理

报道了Ｎ，Ｎ－二辛基甘氨酸从盐酸体系中萃取铑的机理．结果表明：铑的萃取率随酸度、氯离子浓度、铑离子浓度的增大而降低．采用斜率法测得萃合物组成为：Ｒ２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨＨＲｈ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２Ｃｌ４．萃取反应方程式为：Ｒ２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ．ＨＣｌ（Ｏ）＋Ｒｈ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２Ｃｌ－４（Ａ）＝Ｒ２ＮＣＨ２ＣＯＯＨ．ＨＲｈ（Ｈ２Ｏ）２Ｃｌ４（Ｏ）＋Ｃｌ     

CaO—SiO2—P2O5—H2O系统中CBC材料的溶胶—凝胶过程研究：I.溶胶的形…

以溶胶－凝胶方法制备ＣａＯ－ＳｉＯ２－Ｐ２Ｏ５－Ｈ２Ｏ系统中ＣＢＣ材料工艺流程为基础，利用ＸＲＤ，ＩＲ及固体核磁共振（＾２９Ｓｉ，＾３１Ｐ－ＮＭＲ）等测试方法研究了溶胶的形成及溶胶－凝胶转变过程中的物相变化及物相间发生的化学反应，结果表明，在多组分溶胶的形成过程，由Ｃａ（ＮＯ３）２．４Ｈ２Ｏ和Ｈ３ＰＯ４反应生成Ｃａ２Ｏ２Ｏ７和Ｃａ１０（ＰＯ４）６（ＯＨ）２（羟基磷灰石，简写为ＯＨＡｐ，下同），两者     

苄卤氧化制备苯甲酸

在相转移催化剂存在下，高锰酸钾氧化苄卤制备苯甲酸，反应回流后几分钟，高锰酸钾溶液的颜色就逐渐消退。后处理过程也不需要脱色和重结晶就能得到白色苯甲酸晶体，而且产率高。反应式为：ＡｒＣＨ２ＸＫＭｎＯ４／Ｎａ２ＣＯ３／Ｈ２Ｏ／ＰＴＣ回流→ＡｒＣＯ２ＨＸ＝Ｃ...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.