油井水泥专用丁苯胶乳的实验评价

针对传统丁苯胶乳在油井水泥浆中适用性能差的问题,采用种子乳液聚合方法合成了一种油井水泥专用丁苯胶乳,并对其进行了微观结构和应用性能评价。该丁苯胶乳物理性能、红外及热失重分析结果表明：该丁苯胶乳乳液稳定性好,高温下分子结构稳定。丁苯胶乳水泥浆的应用性能结果和微观结构分析表明：该丁苯胶乳水泥浆API失水可控制在50 mL内,耐盐性能好,可解决传统胶乳水泥浆稠化实验"鼓包"、"包心"等问题;加有该丁苯胶乳的水泥浆早期强度发展快,胶凝强度过渡时间短;丁苯胶乳能细化水泥浆的孔径结构,提高水泥浆的胶结强度和形变能力,并且其水泥石的柔韧性比原浆水泥石提高了30%;此外,能够满足深井、超深井和气井等复杂井的固井作业要求。     

羧基改性丁苯胶乳多元水泥浆的研究

定向井、水平井等复杂结构井由于工艺的特殊性,对水泥浆性能提出了更高的要求。要求套管有更高的抗外挤强度,要增大水泥环二界面胶结强度,降低水泥浆滤液对油气层的污染,提高勘探开发的效果。以往的水泥浆体系都很难同时兼顾这些性能,因此在以往实验的基础上,研制出一种可以应用于复杂结构井固井作业的胶乳多元水泥浆。通过室内实验,优选出羧基改性丁苯胶乳(XSBR)、膨胀剂(BS500)、纤维材料(XW)经过复配制成胶乳多元水泥浆体系,该水泥浆具有零自由水、低失水、微膨胀、防气窜等特点,能够满足复杂结构井固井的要求,在复杂结构井固井中有很好的应用前景。     

大粒径丁苯胶乳(SBR)的合成研究

研究了影响丁苯胶乳粒径大小的因素:乳化剂、引发剂、固含量、电解质及单体加入方式。研究表明乳化剂浓度、固含量、电解质浓度及单体加入方式是控制丁苯胶乳粒径的关键性因素。通过适时补加乳化剂,选取适宜的电解质浓度,适当的固含量及采用种子半连续加料方式有利于增大丁苯胶乳(SBR)粒径。     

丁苯吡胶乳和羧基丁苯吡胶乳的技术概况

介绍了丁苯吡胶乳（VPL）和羧基丁苯吡胶乳的聚合配方、聚合工艺、聚合方法、产品性能及其RFL浸渍液的配制和在胶帘线中的应用。VPL和羧基丁苯吡胶乳是化学纤维与橡胶粘合的高性能胶粘剂。不同制品、不同工艺、不同应用场合采用不同的VPL和羧基丁苯吡胶乳聚合配方、聚合方法及RFL浸渍液配合技术。羧基丁苯吡胶乳能提高聚酯帘线的耐热粘合性，其RFL浸渍液适用于浸渍子午线轮胎聚酯帘线。     

丁苯胶乳的应用

概述了丁苯胶乳在地毯、造纸、建筑业等领域的应用，指出增加牌号、开发新品种、减少替代品是我国丁苯胶乳的发展方向。     

两步法合成大粒径丁苯胶乳

研究了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）对丁苯（BS）胶乳的附聚作用以增大丁苯胶乳粒径；探讨了无机盐、体系pH值及体系中MMA胶乳与BS胶乳的固含量比（R值）对附聚后丁苯胶乳的粒径及稳定性的影响。结果表明：适当添加无机盐可以稳定胶乳体系，最佳用量（质量分数）为0．1％～0．2％；适当增大体系pH值，可增大胶乳粒径；在附聚过程中，当R值在两个附聚峰附近时，可增大丁苯胶乳的粒径。     

高固含量丁苯胶乳制备的研究进展

介绍了高固含量丁苯胶乳制备过程中存在的技术难题和该方面的理论、模型等,综述了提高丁苯胶乳固含量常用的方法,并结合现有的理论和实验基础对高固含量胶乳制备进行了展望。     

国外同类高固含量丁苯胶乳性能对比研究

对比研究了1#、2#和3#国外三种同类高固含量丁苯胶乳产品的微观结构、粒径、固含量、凝胶含量、黏度和表面张力。结果表明,顺式结构3#质量分数最高,其它结构组成差别不大;3#胶乳的粒径比1#和2#大,粒径分布也比1#和2#宽,粒径对胶乳固含量的提高有很大的影响,因此3#固含量也比1#和2#高;3#的凝胶含量最低,黏度在剪切速率较低时,也略小于1#和2#,随着剪切速率增加,三种胶乳黏度差别不大;在表面张力方面,3#胶乳的值也较小。通过对以上数据的对比,分析了丁苯胶乳固含量、黏度、粒径,三者呈现相互影响的关系以及由高凝胶含量,推断出此几款产品可能是在高温条件下聚合而成。     

丁苯胶乳的开发应用

介绍了丁苯胶乳的应用，国内外生产现状和发展趋势，丁苯胺乳生产技术及广州乙烯开发应用情况。     

纸张涂布用丁苯胶乳的高功能化

本文着重介绍纸张涂布用丁苯胶乳的高功能动向，并简单介绍了丁苯胶乳在涂布纸中的作用。     

改性纳米炭黑增强丁苯胶乳及其在轮胎修补液中的应用

将炭黑N 220与对苯乙烯磺酸钠(NaSS)在流变仪中共混制得了改性纳米炭黑,用其配成水悬浮液与丁苯胶乳(SBRL)混合制备了纳米炭黑增强SBRL,用场发射透射电子显微镜观察了改性炭黑在SBRL中的分散情况,并对改性炭黑增强SBRL进行了薄膜拉伸和实车试验.结果表明,炭黑经NaSS改性后被NaSS包覆,在水中能够均匀分散,其粒径为90 nm,而普通炭黑在水中的粒径为238 nm;改性炭黑在SBRL中分散均匀;随着改性炭黑用量的增加,增强胶乳薄膜的拉伸强度明显提高,扯断伸长率明显低于未增强胶乳薄膜,但仍是未改性炭黑增强胶乳薄膜的3倍;改性炭黑增强SBRL制备的修补液修补强度明显大于未增强SBRL制备的修补液.     

丁苯胶乳的发展趋势

简要介绍了丁苯胶乳（SBRL）的用途、国内外生产状况和技术发展趋势。     

提高丁苯橡胶聚合转化率过程中胶乳粘度的控制

针对高转化率丁苯橡胶聚合过程中所出现的随着聚合反应转化率的提高，胶乳粘度随之增加这一问题，对聚合配方进行了调整，有效地拉制了聚合后期胶乳的粘度，确保提高转化率不会因聚合后期胶乳粘度的增加而影响生产远行。     

大修再完井技术在曹妃甸2井的应用

渤海油田大部分油藏为稠油,地层胶结疏松。在生产油田生产一段时间后,由于地层疏松出砂导致电潜泵不能正常工作影响油田生产,给油公司带来经济损失。如何解决油井出砂,快速恢复油井生产是中国海油曹妃甸作业公司急需解决的问题。介绍了大修再完井关键技术,结合水力切割技术、套铣技术、砾石充填防砂技术在曹妃甸2井的综合应用,形成了一套适用于曹妃甸油田的大修再完井技术,并在现场应用中取得了很好的效果。对今后曹妃甸油田油井恢复具有借鉴意义。     

Copper Ion Cementation in Presence of a Magnetic Field

The effect of an electromagnetic field (EMF) on the rate of copper(II) cementation from copper sulfate solutions on a rotating iron cylinder was investigated. The studied variables were cylinder rotation speed, magnetic field strength, and magnetic field direction. The application of EMF increased the rate of cementation in both parallel and perpendicular direction of the magnetic field where the latter proved to be more effective. The rate of mass transfer under an EMF was found to be more than doubled. The enhancement of copper recovery in presence of the EMF is due to the induced motion of Fe⁺ⁿ in the solution which is limited to a certain range of cylinder rotation speed. The power consumption for cementation of copper could be significantly reduced by utilizing EMF.     

Silver recovery from spent photographic solutions by a magnetically assisted particle bed

The work presents experimental results on silver cementation from spent photographic fixer thiosulphate solutions by iron in magnetically controlled particle beds. Axial magnetic field created by Helmholtz pair was used. The increase in the fluid flow rate yields an increased silver recovery due to reduction in the external mass transfer resistance irrespective of the particle bed structures used for cementation. The field intensity slightly boosts the silver recovery and results in granular structures appearing at the surface of the deposits. The bed structures when the iron is used as a particle beds in column operation has major role in the efficient performance of the cementation process. With flow rate slightly exceeding the minimum fluidization point in the absence of a field the preferable operating regimes are: a fixed bed (FB) and moderately expanded magnetically stabilized beds (MSB) regimes, both of them with the Magnetization FIRST mode. However, when high flow throughputs are required, the frozen beds with the Magnetization LAST exhibit higher separation efficiencies and higher mass transfer coefficients than those with FB and MSB.     

Optimization of silver cementation yield in fixed bed reactor using factorial design and central composite design

This work deals with cementation of silver onto iron grid in fixed bed reactor. The influence of several parameters is studied namely: initial concentration of silver [Ag⁺]₀, flow rate, solution pH, and mass of iron. Moreover, their influence on the yield of the reaction of cementation is investigated statistically by the experimental design in view of industrial application. The estimation and the comparison of the parameter's effects are realised by using two‐level factorial design. The analysis of these effects permits to state that the most influential factor is the mass of iron with an effect of (+5.642), the second in the order is the initial concentration of silver ions (Ag⁺) with an effect of (+4.005), the third is the flow rate of the electrolytic solution with an effect of (+3.824). A central composite design methodology is employed to determine the optimum conditions for a silver cementation yield onto iron grid. For this end, the experimental results were approximated by a second‐order model as well as the surface contour plots and surface responses are drowned. The optimal conditions found for initial silver concentration, such as a flow rate, pH of the solution and mass of iron, are respectively: 21.25 mg/L, 4.43 L/min, 3.6 and 50 g. Under these conditions, the obtained silver cementation yield is 96.851%.     

新型导向增斜钻具的应用

浅层油藏的开发中通常采用水平井技术进行开发,但是埋藏浅,地层欠压实,胶结疏松等特点,给造斜带来困难;同时浅层井井身结构简化,通常采用二开结构,造斜段井段井眼尺寸较大,使得大尺寸增斜难以控制。通过增斜理论研究,并结合目前增斜钻具特点,研制出新型导向增斜钻具,通过现场应用,取得良好效果。     

JX—515防腐、防霉杀菌剂在水性涂料中的应用

根据水性涂料,特别是乳胶漆的罐内防腐和涂膜后的防霉要求,选出国内餐常用的五种防腐、防霉杀菌剂产品,通过抗微生物抑菌能力检测发现,以异噻唑啉酮类化合物为主要活性成份的复配物（JX-515）的综合防腐、防霉性能最低。并且还介绍了JX-515防腐、防霉杀菌剂的机理。     

核壳结构纳米TiO_2/丁苯复合乳液制备研究

为制备高固高粘新型丁苯乳液(SBRL),以经硅烷偶联剂改性的纳米TiO2为核,阴离子乳化剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)与非离子乳化剂辛基苯基聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)为复合乳化剂,其质量比为1:1,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法,制备了具有核壳结构的纳米TiO2/聚丁苯(PSB)复合乳液,并测定了复合乳液的性能。确定了适宜聚合工艺条件:纳米TiO2为总量0.5%,乳化剂用量为3.5%,引发剂用量为单体量0.4%,聚合温度为64℃,可以制备出性能良好的复合乳液。所制乳液固含量最高可达50%以上,粘度可依据不同使用要求调节。