隅撑支撑钢框架的试验研究和弹塑性受力分析

通过1∶2隅撑支撑钢框架模型的单调加载试验,研究了隅撑支撑钢框架的抗侧力性能和破坏机理。试验结果表明,在水平荷载作用下隅撑最先发生屈服,并具有很好的变形能力,结构具有很好的滞回耗能性能和延性。对隅撑支撑钢框架进行了弹塑性受力分析,并给出了其恢复力模型,从而为简化隅撑支撑钢框架的非线性分析提出了一种新的方法。     

隅撑支撑混凝土框架的抗震性能

隅撑是隅撑支撑混凝土框架中的耗能构件,其设计参数对隅撑支撑混凝土框架的抗震性能有重大影响。本文主要通过非线性分析,探讨了隅撑的设计参数对隅撑支撑混凝土框架抗震性能的影响。结果表明:随着隅撑和柱惯性矩之比Ik/Ic的增大,隅撑支撑混凝土框架的屈服强度Vy和刚度比KKBF/KMRF逐渐增大;同时,隅撑支撑框架能够通过隅撑的屈服而消耗地震的能量,且其耗能性能和延展性较好。     

防屈曲约束支撑对异形柱框架结构抗震性能增强作用的试验研究

对两榀有无人字形防屈曲约束支撑的异形柱框架进行拟静力试验,研究防屈曲约束支撑异形柱框架结构的破坏形态、滞回特性、承载能力、延性性能、耗能能力等抗震性能指标。结果表明:人字形防屈曲约束支撑异形柱框架的滞回曲线呈现梭形,无撑异形柱框架的滞回曲线有明显捏拢现象,人字形防屈曲约束支撑可以使框架各层延性系数分布更加合理;有撑框架与无撑框架结构相比,有撑框架初始整体刚度提高了53.49%,极限荷载提高了1.50倍,整体极限位移角增大了近3倍。防屈曲约束支撑推迟了梁柱节点塑性铰的产生时间,改变了异形柱框架的屈服机制,使结构发生两阶段屈服,基于此提出了以人字形防屈曲约束支撑达到屈服时作为有撑异形柱框架结构的屈服点,以期更好地反映结构的抗震性能,更符合有撑框架的实际屈服机制。防屈曲约束支撑使异形柱框架结构累积损伤程度减轻,屈服阶段至破坏前,组合结构黏滞阻尼系数基本稳定在0.21左右,没有出现大幅度降低。     

隅撑支撑钢框架的抗震性能分析

为研究隅撑支撑钢框架结构的抗震性能,对纯框架（MRF）、中心支撑框架（CBF）、偏心支撑框架（EBF）和隅撑支撑框架（KBF）等主要框架结构形式的内力进行分析并进行有限元分析对比。结果表明：隅撑支撑钢框架结构的受力性能与耗能能力都要比其他类型的框架形式要好。在相同条件下,KBF比其他形式的框架结构具有更好的抗震性能,因此隅撑支撑钢框架结构是一种良好的结构形式。     

隅撑支撑钢框架的弹塑性分析模型

隅撑支撑框架(KBF)是一种新型的耗能支撑结构体系,本文主要研究了它的弹塑性分析模型。首先提出了隅撑支撑钢框架的恢复力模型;其次,提出了隅撑支撑耗能体系的分析模型,并给出了隅撑支撑耗能体系的等效阻尼和刚度的计算方法;然后,给出了隅撑支撑钢框架的弹塑性分析方法;最后通过算例验证了本文方法的正确性。     

基于性能的几种钢结构支撑框架体系应用研究

采用SAP2000（V11.0.8 Advanced C）有限元分析软件,对12层钢结构框架建筑进行基于性能的Pushover能力谱法分析,考虑了纯框架、中心支撑框架、偏心支撑框架、隅撑支撑框架4种结构体系,结果表明：相对于纯框架和中心支撑框架,偏心支撑框架和隅撑支撑框架具有更优越的力学性能和更好的经济效益,设计中宜优先考虑使用。     

基于性能的支撑钢框架结构方案对比分析

采用Pushover能力谱法对8层钢框架建筑进行基于性能的结构方案设计,考虑偏心支撑钢框架、隅撑支撑钢框架、纯钢框架3种结构体系,对结构自振特性、层间位移角及楼层侧移变化规律、结构刚度及耗能特征以及投资一收益等进行详细对比分析。结果表明:隅撑支撑钢框架和偏心支撑钢框架具有良好的结构性能,同样性能目标下,两者的经济效益相差不大,均可比纯钢框架节省近40%的用钢量,隅撑支撑钢框架的损失期望比例最小。     

防屈曲支撑加固震后钢筋混凝土框架抗震性能试验研究

通过对一榀缩尺比例1∶2的单跨三层钢筋混凝土框架进行拟静力试验,并在待试验水平荷载下降到85%以后,在原框架每层分别设置单斜撑布置的防屈曲支撑,以模拟震后加固试件。对加固后的框架再次进行拟静力试验,以考察防屈曲支撑加固震后框架的抗震性能。结合试验研究结果,对比分析了震前纯钢筋混凝土框架和震后采用防屈曲钢支撑加固框架的承载力、刚度、延性、强度退化、刚度退化、滞回曲线、骨架曲线等系列抗震性能指标,验证了防屈曲支撑加固震后钢筋混凝土框架的可行性。     

防屈曲支撑混凝土框架结构抗震性能试验研究

设计制作了三榀侧移刚度相同但防屈曲支撑及框架截面形式不同的混凝土框架,分别为普通梁单斜撑、宽扁梁单斜撑、普通梁人字撑,对其进行拟静力试验,研究了防屈曲支撑混凝土框架的抗震性能,包括混凝土结构的开裂及其发展状况、荷载-侧移滞回曲线、刚度退化、骨架曲线、防屈曲支撑水平荷载-轴向变形曲线等。研究结果表明：设计的防屈曲支撑及混凝土框架具有优异的协同工作性能,水平荷载-侧移滞回曲线饱满,防屈曲支撑可在较小层间位移角时进入屈服消能状态,在大位移下不失效,耗能稳定,能显著增加结构阻尼,有效降低地震反应,改善结构性态。所设计的框架节点、预埋件及连接构造受力可靠。图17表6参13     

基于性能的支撑钢框架结构方案对比分析

采用Pushover能力谱法对8层钢框架建筑进行基于性能的结构方案设计,考虑偏心支撑钢框架、隅撑支撑钢框架、纯钢框架3种结构体系,对结构自振特性、层间位移角及楼层侧移变化规律、结构刚度及耗能特征以及投资-收益等进行详细对比分析.结果表明:隅撑支撑钢框架和偏心支撑钢框架具有良好的结构性能,同样性能目标下,两者的经济效益相差不大,均可比纯钢框架节省近40%的用钢量,隅撑支撑钢框架的损失期望比例最小.     

设置粘弹性阻尼器的偏心支撑结构性能研究

指出偏心支撑结构的不足,提出了在偏心支撑结构的支撑上设置粘弹性阻尼器(称之为消能偏心支撑)来弥补其不足,分析了消能偏心支撑结构的消能减震原理和单自由度下的地震响应,接着以实例对比了偏心支撑结构与消能偏心支撑结构的位移、内力等。分析结果表明:消能偏心支撑具有良好的抗震性能,起到了"双保险"的作用。     

支撑布置对钢框架结构抗侧刚度的影响

纯钢框架建筑结构体系刚度较小,层间位移起主要控制作用,设置支撑体系可有效地提高结构的整体抗侧刚度,减少结构用钢量。以广泛应用的多高层钢框架支撑结构为对象,通过计算不同支撑类型及支撑布置方式下钢框架支撑结构的顶点位移,研究了支撑形式对多、高层钢框架结构抗侧刚度的影响。研究结果表明,对于不同的支撑类型,支撑沿竖向集中布置于中间跨的钢框架结构抗侧移刚度好于将支撑布置在边跨以及其他跨上。对于相同的支撑布置方式,不论是中心支撑,还是偏心支撑,在抗侧刚度和经济性方面,人字形支撑框架均好于单斜杆支撑框架。     

Elastic buckling load of multi-story frames consisting of Timoshenko members

The objective of this paper is to propose a method for the evaluation of the elastic critical buckling load of columns in frames consisting of members susceptible to non-negligible shear deformations, such as built-up members in steel frames, based on Engesser's approach. To that effect, a stability matrix is proposed and three general stability equations are derived for the cases of unbraced, partially braced and braced frames. Indicative graphic interpretation of the solutions for the stability equations of the braced and unbraced cases is shown. Slope-deflection equations for shear-weak members with semi-rigid connections are also derived and used for the presentation of a complete set of rotational stiffness coefficients, which are then used for the replacement of members converging at the bottom and top ends of the column in question by equivalent springs. All possible rotational and translational boundary conditions at the far end of these members, as well as the eventual presence of axial force, are considered. Five examples are presented, dealing with braced, unbraced and partially braced frames, with rigid and semi-rigid beam to column connections, loaded with concentrated or uniformly distributed loads, in a symmetrical or non-symmetrical pattern. In all cases the proposed approach is in excellent agreement with finite element results.     

人字形延性中心支撑钢框架的抗震设计与分析

讨论美国钢结构抗震设计规程中人字形延性中心支撑钢框架的抗震设计和分析。在强震作用下的基本设计理念为:钢支撑框架中的塑性变形集中于支撑上,通过支撑受拉屈服和受压屈曲来消耗能量,其他结构构件需保持弹性。结合1栋9层支撑钢框架,阐述美国钢结构抗震设计规程的相关具体规定,并得到设计建议:支撑截面的选择受到局部宽厚比的限制;框架梁截面的尺寸由强度控制,主要考虑由于支撑受拉屈服和受压屈曲所形成的竖向不平衡力的作用;框架柱截面的尺寸由考虑所有受压支撑移去时的结构模型控制。     

支护结构内力和变形的影响因素分析

利用考虑土与结构共同作用的支护结构设计计算方法和编制的ＰＩＬＥ程序对支护结构的插入深度、支护结构刚度、支撑位置、坑内土体加固和支撑刚度等因素对支护结构的内力和变形的影响进行了分析和讨论。     

横梁加强型人字撑结构的弹塑性滞回性能

人字形支撑是多高层钢结构建筑的一种常用支撑形式。在侧向荷载作用下,由于受压支撑发生屈曲,承载能力快速下降,支撑架的横梁会受到拉压支撑间的竖向不平衡力的作用,JGJ 99—98《高层民用建筑钢结构技术规程》规定需加强支撑架横梁来承受这一不平衡力的作用。静力弹塑性推覆分析的结果显示,在加载后期横梁受拉支撑屈服荷载对加强型人字撑结构抗侧能力有很大的贡献。但是,在强烈地震作用下,由于每一支撑均处于拉压交替的受力状态,因此支撑架的受力性能要复杂得多。通过对横梁加强型支撑结构在往复荷载和地震荷载作用下的抗侧性能进行研究,以更好地了解这种支撑结构的抗震性能。     

Ductility reduction factor and collapse mechanism evaluation of a new steel knee braced frame

In this study, the suitability of a new structural system called the knee braced frames (KBFs) is investigated for seismic resistant steel structures. In these structural systems, ends of beams are connected to columns by hinges (simple connection) instead of rigid connections, and ends of knee braced elements are connected to columns and beams by hinges as well. In the present paper, in addition to a comparison between elastic behaviour and elastic fundamental natural period, the ductility reduction factor and the type of collapse mechanism in steel KBFs and steel moment resisting frames (MRFs) are compared. The study revealed that the stiffness of steel buildings can be increased considerably by applying knee braced elements and the effects of knee braced elements are highly dependent on knee braced configuration. By applying the pushover analysis, it was observed that the type of collapse mechanism of KBFs is very similar to the mechanism of MRFs. Furthermore in most cases, the ductility reduction factor, R_μ, obtained from steel KBFs is greater than the ductility reduction factor obtained for steel MRFs. Based on the similarity between type of collapse mechanism and the proximity of ductility reduction coefficients of the KBFs and MRFs systems, it can be concluded that the new steel knee braced frame systems can be categorised as steel MRFs with rigid connections.     

Lateral cyclic behavior of zipper braced frames-considering connection details

During Northridge earthquake in USA in 1994, a variety of failures occurred in welded steel connections. Studying these structural failures has led to development of more reliable moment resisting connections and new ways of using braced frames as seismic load resisting systems. This article investigates through numerical simulations, the lateral capacity and seismic behavior of two of these newly-thought braced frames, zipper braced frames and suspended zipper braced frames. The overall seismic behavior of these frames is investigated through displacement-based pushover analyses considering the effect of connection elements such as gusset plate and shear tab. To study the efficiency of these two types of concentrically braced frames, a numerical investigation on their behaviors for low-, mid- and high-rise buildings was conducted. Three zipper braced frames and three suspended zipper braced frames with different number of stories have been modeled using OpenSEES software. For each simulation, frame maximum strength, maximum drift capacity, and weight are determined and compared with each other. It is concluded that connection modeling has significant effects on the lateral behavior of these frames. Furthermore, the suspended zipper braced frames show higher ductility when compared with the ductility of zipper braced frames. Finally, the suspended zipper braced frames are recommended to be used in high-rise buildings, however, for the lowand mid-rise buildings it is recommended to use zipper frames due to economic efficacy.     

基于遗传算法的阻尼支撑优化分析

针对采用阻尼支撑加固的房屋结构优化问题，以所有阻尼器的阻尼系数之和为目标函数，各层层间位移为约束条件，考虑非比例阻尼矩阵，编制了基于遗传算法和时程分析的阻尼支撑优化程序。并对一框架结构算例进行了分析，取得了良好的优化结果，表明了遗传算法是对阻尼支撑结构进行优化分析的一种行之有效的方法。     

连于人字形防屈曲支撑的横梁抗震设计探讨

通过3个算例,对采用人字形无粘结内藏钢板支撑剪力墙(即人字形防屈曲支撑)的防屈曲支撑框架结构的抗震性能进行对比分析,以探讨支撑屈服后超强和被撑梁跨中竖向支点作用的有无对支撑跨横梁抗震性能的影响。结果表明,3个算例的框架梁在多遇地震下均能保持弹性,且被撑梁的最大竖向挠度均出现在撑点两侧。罕遇地震下,3个结构中支撑屈服后被撑梁的最大竖向挠度均出现在撑点位置。考虑超强但不考虑支点作用设计的结构中框架梁塑性发展程度较小,而不计超强但考虑支点作用设计的被撑梁塑性发展严重,且横梁的挠度较大,导致层间的两根支撑因承受较大的竖向力而使拉、压支撑的轴向应力-应变曲线明显不对称,不利于支撑受力。