高功率14xx nm锥形增益区脊形波导结构量子阱激光器的研制

初步设计14xx nm锥形增益区脊形波导量子阱激光器材料和器件结构,利用MOCVD生长14xx nm InGaAsP/InP量子阱激光器外延片,引入腔破坏凹槽(cavity-spoiling grooves)将有源层刻蚀断以隔离从锥形区反向传输回的高阶模,进一步改善远场光束质量.保持总腔长1900μm不变,改变脊形区的长度,其长度分别为450,700和950μm.对比三种情况的最高输出功率和远场特性,发现LRW＝700μm时,器件特性参数和远场光束质量最优,斜率效率为0.32W/A,饱和输出功率为1.21W,其远场为近衍射极限的高斯分布,发散角为29°×9.6°.当固定脊形区长度为700μm,改变锥形区长度,发现当锥形区长度为1000μm时,器件特性参数进一步提高,斜率效率达0.328W/A,饱和输出功率为1.27W,远场仍为近似高斯分布.     

高功率14xx nm锥形增益区脊形波导结构量子阱激光器的研制

初步设计14xx nm锥形增益区脊形波导量子阱激光器材料和器件结构,利用MOCVD生长14xx nm InGaAsP/InP量子阱激光器外延片,引入腔破坏凹槽(cavity-spoiling grooves)将有源层刻蚀断以隔离从锥形区反向传输回的高阶模,进一步改善远场光束质量.保持总腔长1900μm不变,改变脊形区的长度,其长度分别为450,700和950μm.对比三种情况的最高输出功率和远场特性,发现LRW＝700μm时,器件特性参数和远场光束质量最优,斜率效率为0.32W/A,饱和输出功率为1.21W,其远场为近衍射极限的高斯分布,发散角为29°×9.6°.当固定脊形区长度为700μm,改变锥形区长度,发现当锥形区长度为1000μm时,器件特性参数进一步提高,斜率效率达0.328W/A,饱和输出功率为1.27W,远场仍为近似高斯分布.     

高功率980nm锥形增益区脊形波导量子阱激光器的优化

利用MOCVD生长980nm InGaAs-AlGaAs渐变折射率分别限制异质结单量子阱激光器外延片,采用锥形增益区脊形波导结构制备器件.保持总腔长1850μm不变,改变脊形区的长度分别为450,700和950μm,对比三种情况的P-I特性和光束质量.发现LRW＝450μm时,器件特性参数和远场光束质量最优,斜率效率达0.83W/A,饱和功率为4.28W.输出功率为1W时,远场发散角为7.5°×30.6°,M2因子为3.79.     

980nm大功率基横模分布反馈激光器

980 nm波段的大功率半导体激光器作为抽运源有很重要的应用,但目前该类器件存在光束质量差和谱宽较宽的问题,影响其抽运效率和稳定性。为提高大功率半导体激光器的抽运效率,就要减小其光谱宽度,提升光束质量。而大功率基横模分布反馈激光器(DFB)通过在器件内部引入分布反馈光栅可以实现窄线宽激光的波长稳定输出,并通过优化脊型波导条件来实现基横模模式输出,提升光束质量。测试该器件的光电特性,1000μm腔长器件的阈值电流约为6 m A,斜率效率为0.71 W/A,最大稳定输出功率为130 m W。该激光器的波长随温度漂移系数为0.064 nm/K;对其远场发散角进行测量,得到快轴发散角为34°,慢轴发散角为6.3°。     

高功率高光束质量980nm垂直腔底面发射激光器

报道了优化p面电极的高功率高光束质量980nm垂直腔底面发射激光器(VCSEL).采用数学模型对VCSEL的电流密度进行了模拟计算,发现电流密度分布由氧化孔直径和p面电极直径决定.确定氧化孔直径后,优化p面电极直径可以实现电流密度的均匀分布,抑制远场光斑中高阶边模的产生.将p面电极直径优化为580μm,制作的600μm的VCSEL远场发散角从30°减小到15°,优化器件的阈值电流和最高输出功率都略有增加.通过改进器件封装方式后,器件输出功率达到2.01W,激射波长为982.6nm.     

大功率小垂直发散角980nm量子阱激光器

提出了一种新型非对称宽耦合波导结构,通过理论计算优化了结构中n型波导层和限制层厚度,并采用低压金属有机化学气相沉积方法生长了设计的器件结构.测试了器件的光电特性,1200μm腔长器件的阈值电流为590 mA,斜率效率为0.96 w/A,最大输出功率达2000mW;当注入电流为0.6 A时,其远场发散角为16.1°(θ⊥)×10.2°(θ//).实验结果表明:新型非对称宽耦合波导结构能实现器件大功率输出,有效减小器件远场垂直发散角,改善器件光束质量.     

二极管激光阵列波长光束组合实现20W输出

基于波长光束组合(WBC)技术,利用光栅衍射和外腔反馈,将二极管激光阵列(LDA)发光单元锁定在不同的波长上,以近似平行光束沿光栅的-1级衍射方向组合输出,改善LDA输出光束质量.实验中采用发光单元宽度为100μm、周期为500μm及由19个单元构成的l cm普通商用LDA,在连续运行最大注入电流为60.6A、自由运转输出功率为49.8 W时,获得功率为20.1 W的组合光束稳定输出,其光谱宽度为15 mm,对应的远场发散角由约70 mrad变为1.66 mrad,改善后的光束质量因子M2x.y约为32,与单个发光单元的光束质量相当.     

多单元半导体激光器的高亮度光纤耦合输出

设计并研制了一种多单元半导体激光器的高亮度光纤耦合输出模块.激光器芯片采用分子束外延(MBE)方法生长的宽波导、双量子阱结构AlGaAs/GaAs激光器外延材料,激光器模块采用4只准直的单条形大功率半导体激光器,器件腔长为2 mm,发光区宽度为100μm,单条形器件的连续输出功率为5.0 W,每两只单条形器件的准直输出光束经过空间合束后再通过偏振合束,实现了多单元器件输出的高光束质量功率合成,采用简单的平凸透镜实现了合束光束与100μm芯径、数值孔径(NA)0.22石英光纤的高效耦合,耦合效率高达79%,输出功率达10.17 W,光纤端面功率密度达1.0×105W/cm2.     

980 nm高功率VCSEL的光束质量

利用CCD成像技术,设计出一种简单的测量垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSEL)的光束质量因子M2的方法。在注入电流分别为900mA,1500mA,3000mA和6000mA时,对出光孔径300μm,激射波长为980nm的垂直腔底面发射激光器的束腰等光束参数进行了测量,并应用激光光束传播的高斯方程拟合求得了M2因子的值分别为66,58,44和53。另外,当注入电流为900mA和3000mA时,对器件的远场分布进行了分析并测得了器件的远场发散角,测量值与理论计算值吻合较好。     

高功率单高阶模倒置表面浮雕结构垂直腔面发射激光器

提出并研究了一种带有环形出光孔的倒置表面浮雕结构垂直腔面发射激光器.该器件最突出的结构特点在于,支持稳定的单高阶横向模式激射.在输入电流为六倍阈值电流时,输出功率高达9.8 m W,边模抑制比将近30 d B.在外界为360 K高温时,输出功率仍可达4 m W.且其远场表现出的高斯光束发散角较小.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first