焊接道数和层间温度对5083铝合金多道焊对接接头焊接残余应力和变形的影响

以5083铝合金多道焊对接接头为研究对象，构建了其热-冶金-力学耦合的三维有限元模型，在考虑相变情况下，对两道焊的焊接过程温度场、残余应力分布和变形进行数值计算与分析，并将结果与试验数据进行对比，验证了该模型的准确度。分析了焊接道数和层间温度对焊接残余应力分布以及焊接变形的影响规律，结果表明：随着焊接道数的增加，纵向残余应力逐渐增加，焊接道数对横向残余应力几乎无影响，焊接变形逐渐增加；随着层间温度的升高，纵向残余应力逐渐降低，横向残余应力先减小后增大，但层间温度对焊接变形几乎无影响，可采用100℃作为最佳层间温度进行焊接。     

TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层动态热力学性能研究

在锆盐电解液体系中制备出厚度为20μm的微弧氧化膜层,通过动态热机械分析仪研究了TC4钛合金表面的微弧氧化膜层与基体结构的热-机耦合载荷失效行为。结果表明:温度对TC4钛合金微弧氧化膜层服役失效有重要影响。当升温到300℃时,膜层与基体开始出现热膨胀系数不稳定而产生热错配残余应力;当温度到达500℃时,膜层内部出现明显的裂纹,且膜层也在一定程度上与基体发生剥落行为。     

热浸渗铝制备 Fe-Al 合金层温度-应力场有限元分析

目的 分析渗层厚度、 加热温度及加热时间对渗层温度场-应力场的影响规律。 方法 利用ANSYS有限元软件对热浸处理制备 Fe-Al 合金层进行建模,计算铝的焓值,采用间接耦合法计算渗层应力。 结果 沿 X 轴方向,温度变化趋势大体上一致,均表现出上升的趋势,局部出现温度突变现象;渗层最高温度(935 . 528 ℃ ) 与加热温度(950 ℃ ) 相差 15 ℃ ,温度损失约 1 . 52% ;不同厚度下温度的变化趋势均为递减,当厚度为 200 μm 时,温度递减的趋势平稳,未出现峰值;随着渗层厚度的增加,应力值先增加,后减小,而后再增加。 结论 考虑应力、厚度对渗层性能的影响因素,渗层最佳厚度应为 200 μm。     

多层结构浸入式水口复合层的设计

为降低热应力造成多层结构浸入式水口开裂的可能性,采用有限单元法研究了内面层厚度和材料物理性能参数对其热应力的影响,以及内面层厚度和导热系数对其内壁温度的影响.结果表明,当内面层厚度由0mm增至10mm时,浸入式水口所受最大拉应力先升后降;当其厚度在2～4 mm之间时,拉应力较小.随着内面层弹性模量、热膨胀系数和导热系数的降低,最大拉应力减小.增加外面层厚度,减小其导热系数,预热后浸入式水口内壁温度的降低幅度减小.     

风电内齿圈感应淬火的数值模拟及验证

基于电磁-热-组织-应力耦合模型,对风电齿圈感应淬火过程的温度、组织和应力进行了数值模拟,同时采用硬化轮廓对比和硬度检测验证了仿真的可靠性。根据Maxwell方程和Fourier定律计算了齿圈表面加热和淬火过程的温度场,根据等转换法和K-M方程计算了齿圈表面组织转变过程和齿圈最终硬化轮廓。最后根据热-弹塑性模型计算了齿圈感应淬火后的整体残余应力分布。结果表明,对于温度变化,同一截面齿根温度最高,齿顶温度最低,齿面温度介于两者之间。对于淬火后的组织分布,起始端和终止端的齿廓处硬化层较厚,齿根和齿顶位置的硬化层厚度略小,但中间位置的硬化层分布均匀。对于残余应力分布,齿根处轴向应力从起始端到终止端为压应力-拉应力-压应力分布,切应力从起始端到终止端也为压应力-拉应力-压应力分布;齿廓处轴向应力为压应力状态,从起始端到终止端呈中间小两端大分布,切向应力为压应力状态,从起始端到终止端呈逐渐减小分布。     

沟槽表面特征对制动过程制动盘温度场和应力场影响的研究

针对制动盘表面温升严重、磨损剧烈等问题,建立沟槽表面制动盘制动过程模型并进行热机耦合有限元分析,研究沟槽的角度、宽度、密度对制动盘温度场和应力场的影响。结果表明:沟槽结构可以储存空气,加快制动盘与外界的换热,具有散热性,并且减小了表面直接接触摩擦的面积,从而导致了沟槽型表面制动盘比光滑表面制动盘温度低和等效应力小;沟槽角度、宽度对制动盘表面温度和等效应力影响明显,其中沟槽角度为45°、宽为4 mm的沟槽型表面制动盘温度和等效应力值最小;沟槽密度对制动盘表面温度和等效应力影响不明显。     

不锈钢表面渗铝层/ZrO2复合涂层残余应力模拟

目的 研究不同制备工艺参数对渗铝层/ZrO2复合涂层残余应力的影响。方法 采用ANSYS 18.1软件中的Workbench模块,采用热力耦合的方法,对沉积过程中不同制备工艺参数下产生的残余应力进行数值模拟。结果 保温时间由2 h增长至5 h,等效应力由895 MPa减小至862 MPa。沉积温度由400 ℃升高至700 ℃,等效应力由541 MPa增加至999 MPa。ZrO2层厚度从2 μm增加至14 μm,等效应力由925 MPa减小至835 MPa,但是渗铝层-氧化锆层界面的剪切应力由59 MPa增加至101 MPa。基体厚度的变化对基体及渗铝层内的热应力影响不大,但对ZrO2层有较大的影响,基体厚度由0.3 mm增加至0.8 mm,等效应力由745 MPa增加至850 MPa。渗铝层使等效应力由877 MPa减小至745 MPa,径向应力由-1235 MPa减小至-1072 MPa,剪切应力由105 MPa降低到89 MPa,轴向应力由-375 MPa减小至-312 MPa,其中ZrO2层中的轴向应力改变明显,由-128 MPa减小至-39 MPa。结论 增加渗铝保温时间,整个复合涂层的应力降低。沉积温度与室温相差越大,热匹配失衡越严重。ZrO2层厚度增加,基体和渗铝层的应力均有升高,ZrO2层内部除剪切应力稍增加外,其余应力均减小。基体厚度增加,ZrO2层等效应力和径向应力均明显增大,因此应降低基体的厚度。渗铝层起到很好的缓冲作用。     

连铸板坯高温力学性能参数的试验研究

应用Gleeble 500D热模拟试验机,以某钢厂四号板坯连铸机上生产的AH36钢板坯为对象,对其高温力学性能参数进行了试验研究,包括弹性极限、屈服强度、高温强度极限、断面收缩率、应力应变曲线、弹性模量、硬化系数、零强度温度和零韧带温度,为连铸板坯凝固传热-应力应变耦合数学模型的建立提供了重要的理论依据.     

金属表面薄橡胶铺层对喷丸质量的影响

建立了多丸粒喷丸有限元分析模型,对比分析了薄橡胶铺层对Q235钢表面喷丸质量的改善作用,并通过试验加以验证。结果表明,与传统喷丸相比较,薄橡胶铺层在降低试样表面粗糙度的同时,还能够提升表面残余压应力,但残余压应力层的深度范围有所减小。薄橡胶铺层的厚度是影响残余压应力层深度的关键因素。薄橡胶层提高了试样表面的丸粒冲击作用面积,延长了冲击作用时间,高速丸粒的单点冲击能量得以有效分散,在保证工件表层残余压应力场强度与传统喷丸基本一致的前提下,使试样表面喷丸质量得以提升。     

等离子喷涂8YSZ涂层在铝熔体作用下热冲击行为的数值模拟

目的定量理解等离子喷涂8YSZ热障涂层浸入铝熔体中的热冲击行为。方法基于热-力耦合计算方法有限元数值模拟,研究等离子喷涂8YSZ热障涂层浸入铝熔体时涂层中的瞬态温度场和瞬态应力场,以及涂层预热温度、陶瓷层厚度对应力分布的影响。结果温度场计算表明,在涂层浸入铝熔体0.1 s时,涂层表面就达到了铝熔体温度。随着涂层浸入铝熔体的时间增加,涂层内的温度分布逐渐由指数分布转变为近线性分布,而且涂层内的温度梯度也随着时间的增加而减小。相应涂层中的应力在相当短的时间内就达到了最大值,并随着加热时间的增加,最大应力值逐渐减小。涂层预热温度越高,在陶瓷层中的轴向应力和环向应力均越小,预热温度对轴向应力的影响更加明显。随着陶瓷层厚度的增加,陶瓷层内的轴向应力和环向应力值均增加,粘结层内的轴向应力和环向应力值均减小。结论对热障涂层进行预热处理可以有效降低涂层中的热应力值。涂层厚度增加,陶瓷层内应力随之增加,粘结层内应力随之减小,且陶瓷层厚度对粘结层中的应力影响更加明显。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。