双动挤压机内置穿孔装置液压支撑系统结构强度分析

穿孔装置液压支撑系统是双动挤压机内置穿孔装置的重要组成部分,其结构强度对穿孔针运动及定位的控制以及设备结构安全有着重要影响。基于ABAQUS软件环境,分别建立了穿(扩)孔过程和固定针挤压过程的内置穿孔装置液压支撑系统结构强度分析有限元模型,并对不同工况条件下的关键零部件进行有限元分析。结果表明:Fc=(0.15~0.30)F情况下,所设计内置式穿孔装置液压系统的强度和刚度符合要求;穿(扩)孔时,穿孔缸活塞杆和缸体的应力和位移随系统压力增加而近似线性增加;而固定针挤压时,工作主缸缸体的应力和位移不随穿孔装置液压支撑系统压力变化而变化。     

TC4叶片精锻过程中摩擦对模具应力及温度场的影响

基于三维有限元模拟软件DEFORM-3D,建立了TC4叶片精锻过程的三维热力耦合有限元模型,并以塑泥为材料,采用物理模拟方法对叶片精锻有限元模型进行了试验验证,得到了不同摩擦条件下模具等效应力、温度场及载荷的分布规律.结果表明:随着摩擦因数的增大,模具等效应力增大;模具叶身与榫头过渡区域及榫头旁侧温度分布较高,摩擦对模具叶身处温度分布的影响最大;摩擦因数增大将增加锻造的消耗能量及最大载荷.     

阀控缸型式液压电梯的振动模态分析

所设计的液压电梯采用直顶方式,以阀控缸型式液压电梯作为研究对象,构建了其物理模型,建立了基于柱塞缸与轿厢架(m_1)、轿厢与电梯载重(m_2)二自由度的阀控式液压电梯系统动力学方程。在此基础上,讨论了该液压电梯系统的振动固有频率的计算方法。通过仿真实验,着重分析了其油液刚度、轿底橡胶减震垫刚度以及轿厢载重大小的变化对系统固有频率的影响。结果表明:其他条件不变情况下,液压电梯系统的一、二阶固有频率随油液刚度的减小而减小;液压电梯系统的一、二阶固有频率随轿底橡胶减震垫刚度的增大而增大;液压电梯系统的一、二阶固有频率随轿厢载重的增大而减小。     

压剪试验机机架拓扑优化及仿真分析

以实现压剪试验机机架的轻量化为目标，分析压剪试验机机架在极限工况下的受力情况，通过Abaqus软件对压剪试验机机架进行静力分析；通过变密度拓扑优化方法对压剪试验机机架进行拓扑优化，并据此进行模型重建；不仅对比分析优化前后机架的静力特性，还对比分析优化前后机架自身的模态特性与突然卸载后的动力特性。结果表明：优化后的压剪试验机机架质量比优化前减轻了14.5%;最大静应力小于材料的屈服强度，最大位移小于允许最大位移量，满足静强度与静刚度要求；各阶模态的固有频率远大于工作频率，满足动刚度要求；突然卸载后，机架上横梁、立柱、底座的最大动应力均小于材料的屈服强度，满足动强度要求。     

液压支架结构的虚拟样机设计研究

利用Pro／E建立了液压支架的虚拟样机模型,以液压缸为研究对象,在ANSYS环境下,采用有限元方法进行了液压缸的静力学分析、模态分析和瞬态分析,得到了液压缸的力学状态、系统的多阶固有振动频率、振型以及应力、应变、位移等参数量值,进行了液压缸强度和刚度的校核,分析了动载荷对液压缸振动的影响。结果表明：基于虚拟样机技术的设计方法能够提高产品设计质量,降低设计费用。     

摩擦因数及坯料壁厚对筒体件辊挤成形质量的影响

运用Deform-3D软件对辊挤成形进行数值模拟,分析了不同摩擦因数和坯料壁厚对半成品飞边高度的影响,并研究了成形过程中模具的受力情况。研究结果表明:飞边高度随着摩擦因数和坯料壁厚的增加而增大;径向载荷同样随摩擦因数的增加而增大,但随坯料壁厚的增加而减小。当摩擦因数为0.4、坯料壁厚为17.0 mm时,冲头径向载荷最大,达到868 kN。最后进行成形试验,有限元模拟和成形试验得到的飞边高度偏差仅为10%,在消除飞边后筒体件表面无折叠缺陷,试验结果验证了模拟结果的可信性。     

齿轮增速液压马达驱动断带抓捕系统研究

改进液压马达驱动断带抓捕系统,增设了齿轮增速装置,给出系统工作原理,利用AMESim软件建立系统仿真模型并进行有无齿轮增速装置的系统仿真分析,研究马达排量、马达转速和一级齿轮传动比对系统性能的影响效果。结果表明:增加齿轮传动装置增大了上楔形块最大位移和最大速度,提高了蓄能器释放液压油的能力;随液压马达排量的增大,上楔形块最大位移减小,最大速度先增大后略有降低,蓄能器释放的液压能先增大后略有减小,而马达转速对系统性能几乎无影响;随一级齿轮传动比的增大,上楔形最大位移减小但最大速度增大,蓄能器释放的液压能增大。     

摩擦因数对轴对称零件冷挤压过程的影响

冷挤压件强度高、刚性好、生产率高,在装备制造业和液压系统中得到了广泛的应用。利用ANSYS软件对轴对称零件冷挤压过程进行了分析,得到了不同摩擦因数下的轴向、径向和周向应力图,对挤压应力的模拟数值进行了分析和拟合,利用最小二乘法对函数进行了逼近。结果表明:轴向拉伸应力,径向拉伸应力和圆周拉伸应力值分布在一条直线上,值随摩擦因数的增加而增加,轴向压应力、径向压应力和圆周压应力近似分布在二次曲线上,对生产具有重要的理论指导意义。     

成形工艺参数对U形件回弹影响的仿真分析

针对U形件弯曲回弹问题,在Abaqus软件中建立6061铝合金薄板U形件拉延成形二维有限元模型,使用Numisheet’ 2011会议回弹测量方法和成形极限图缺陷判据,研究U形件成形过程中单工艺参数对回弹量的影响,通过L_9(3~4)正交试验获取U形件回弹控制最优工艺参数组合。结果表明:不改变其他成形工艺参数,U形件回弹量随着凸、凹模圆角半径或拉延深度的加大,总体呈上升趋势,随凸、凹模间隙值的减小总体呈下降趋势;U形件回弹量随"凸模-板料"摩擦因数的增大而增大,随"凹模、压边圈-板料"摩擦因数或压边力的增大而减小;成形工艺参数影响U形件回弹量的主次顺序依次为"凹模、压边圈-板料"摩擦因数、"凸模-板料"摩擦因数、凸、凹模间隙值、压边力,以优水平工艺参数组合A_2B_3C_1D_3进行成形模拟,U形件法兰端部最大位移偏移量为0.84 mm,回弹控制效果明显。     

摩擦因数对轴对称零件冷挤压过程的影响（英文）

冷挤压件强度高、刚性好、生产率高,在装备制造业和液压系统中得到了广泛的应用。利用ANSYS软件对轴对称零件冷挤压过程进行了分析,得到了不同摩擦因数下的轴向、径向和周向应力图,对挤压应力的模拟数值进行了分析和拟合,利用最小二乘法对函数进行了逼近。结果表明:轴向拉伸应力,径向拉伸应力和圆周拉伸应力值分布在一条直线上,值随摩擦因数的增加而增加,轴向压应力、径向压应力和圆周压应力近似分布在二次曲线上,对生产具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。