有机蒙脱石对酸性大红的吸附性能及吸附工艺条件优化研究

利用壳聚糖对纯蒙脱石进行有机改性,并对有机蒙脱石和纯蒙脱石吸附水溶液中酸性大红进行实验研究。结果表明吸附性能主要受吸附剂投加量,pH值和吸附时间等因素的影响;改性蒙脱石对酸性大红的吸附要优于纯蒙脱石。在本实验条件中,有机柱撑蒙脱石对水中酸性大红(50 ml,浓度为40 mg/l)的最佳吸附工艺条件为:pH2.5,投加量0.2 g,吸附时间35 min,此条件下对水中酸性大红去除率达到了71.26%。20℃时有机柱撑蒙脱石对酸性大红的等温吸附曲线符合Freundlich方程。     

活性炭吸附罗丹明B的研究

文章以活性炭为吸附剂,对罗丹明B溶液进行吸附。考察了活性炭加入量、pH值和温度对吸附的影响以及吸附动力学。结果表明,随着活性炭加入量的逐渐增加,吸附值逐渐减小;随着pH逐渐升高,吸附值呈下降趋势。吸附值随温度升高呈下降趋势,表明活性炭对罗丹明B溶液的吸附是一个放热过程。活性炭对罗丹明B的吸附较好的符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

羟基钛柱撑蒙脱石反应过程的研究

以河北省灵寿县膨润土为原料,测定了羟基钛柱撑蒙脱石过程中溶液中钛离子浓度的变化,建立了适宜描述柱撑反应过程的双常数模型方程,并依据模型对柱撑过程进行了分析．实验得出了羟基钛柱化剂制备柱撑蒙脱石的适宜用量,并对制得产品进行了X衍射分析,证明柱撑是成功的．     

羟基铝柱撑膨润土吸附[BMIM]C1离子液体

研究了羟基铝柱撑膨润土对[BMIM]C1离子液体水溶液的吸附性能,考察了吸附温度、吸附时间、膨润土用量、离子液体的浓度、pH值等对离子液体吸附率的影响.结果表明:羟基铝柱撑膨润土对[BMIM]C1溶液具有良好的吸附作用;温度对吸附的影响甚微;达到吸附平衡的时间为2 h;吸附率随着吸附剂用量的增加而增大,且离子液体的浓度越大,吸附率越大;在中性溶液中,离子液体吸附率可达到最大值;离子液体在羟基铝柱撑膨润土上的吸附同时符合Lang-muir和Freundlich吸附等温方程.     

Al-柱撑蒙脱石的制备及其特性研究

以辽宁某地的钙基膨润土为原料，钠化改型后，制备了Al—柱撑蒙脱石，并运用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、化学分析、比表面积测定、煅烧及吸附试验等手段研究了Al—柱撑蒙脱石的形成条件、微结构变化和特性。结果表明：当粘土悬浮液浓度为1．5％(以质量计)时，可得到层间距d（001）值、比表面积分别为1．962nm和180．5m^2／g的产物，500℃煅烧后其层间距稳定在1.7313nm，具有较强的热稳定性；钠基膨润土经柱撑反应后，柱化荆主要以离子交换方式进入蒙脱石层闻；吸附试验表明：Al—柱撑蒙脱石较膨润土原土对水溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)具有更强吸附去除能力。     

膨润土及成型膨润土对水溶液中微量氯乙酸的吸附研究

针对水中微量氯乙酸吸附脱除和粉末状膨润土吸附剂实际应用中难以分离的问题,以河北灵寿县膨润土制备的钛柱撑膨润土、成型膨润土及成型钛柱撑膨润土为吸附剂,进行了25℃条件下对水溶液微量卤乙酸的脱除的研究,测得了被吸附物浓度、吸附时间对吸附过程的影响,得出膨润土,钛柱撑膨润土对水中微量氯乙酸都具有很好的吸附性能.成型之后,耐水性增强,吸附性由于其比表面减少而下降,但仍保持良好的吸附性能.此外还测定了膨润土钛柱撑膨润土对氯乙酸吸附的等温线.     

铝柱撑蒙脱石的热稳定性和微结构变化规律研究

采用XRD,FTIR,比表面积及孔径分析等方法,对不同投料比和煅烧温度下制备的铝柱撑蒙脱石的热稳定性和微结构变化规律进行了系统研究.结果表明,随着投料比的增加,铝柱撑蒙脱石层间距呈先增后减的趋势,当投料比为10 mmol/g,煅烧温度为500℃时,其层间距d(001)值达到1.802 nm;煅烧温度＜700℃时,铝柱撑蒙脱石能够保持稳定的层柱结构;随着煅烧温度由300℃升高至800℃,其层间距d(001)值、BET比表面积、BJH脱附总孔容积和总孔比表面积、微孔容积和微孔比表面积均有不同程度的降低;铝柱撑蒙脱石的BJH脱附孔体积分布呈最可几分布,最可几孔半径为2 nm左右,属中孔范畴.     

二次柱撑蒙脱石的制备及表征

采用单链季铵盐对蒙脱石进行一次柱撑改性的基础上,再用双链季铵盐对一次柱撑蒙脱石进行二次柱撑改性,制备了系列蒙脱石样品,探讨了不同阳离子交换容量柱撑剂对蒙脱石二次柱撑改性的影响。用X射线衍射仪、Fourier红外光谱仪以及热重分析仪对样品进行表征,结果表明:二次柱撑蒙脱石层间距在一次柱撑基础上继续增大,这说明双链季铵盐进入了一次柱撑蒙脱石层间,达到了二次柱撑的效果。     

用邯郸膨润土制备Al/Cr、Al/Fe柱撑蒙脱石

用邯郸地区膨润土提纯出的钙蒙脱石和人工改性的钠蒙脱石分别成功地制备出Al/Cr、Al/Fe柱撑蒙脱石 ,利用XRD对柱撑蒙脱石的层间域进行了分析。还分析了Al:Cr、Al:Fe和OH/Cr+Al比率对合成柱撑蒙脱石的影响。探讨了聚合离子的水解程度 ,蒙脱石的层间离子影响柱撑蒙脱石合成的机理。     

羟基铁柱撑膨润土吸附剂去除水中甲基橙的研究

以硝酸铁为原料制备柱化剂,对钙基膨润土进行柱撑改性,制备了羟基铁柱撑膨润土吸附剂.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对铁柱撑膨润土进行了表征.实验研究其对模拟废水中甲基橙的吸附性能和影响因素,分析其在不同温度下的吸附等温线及其对甲基橙的吸附动力学,结果表明:柱撑后羟基铁能够进入到膨润土的层间,且羟基铁柱撑膨润土对甲基橙有更好的吸附效果.在常温、吸附剂用量1.2g/L、溶液pH=7、吸附时间20 min、甲基橙质量浓度25 mg/L的条件下,吸附剂对甲基橙的去除率可达84%以上.Langmuir等温吸附方程能较好地描述羟基铁柱撑膨润土对甲基橙的吸附平衡,其吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程.     

柱撑蒙脱石制备技术研究

用多种方法研究制备出性能稳定的柱撑蒙脱石,并对其Ｘ－Ｒａｙ衍射特征作了论述．研究表明：柱撑液的制备是柱撑蒙脱石制备的关键技术之一,可用不同的碱液水解ＡｌＣｌ３或Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３制备柱撑液,其ｐＨ值以４０～５０为宜．Ｘ－Ｒａｙ衍射显示,柱撑后的蒙脱石经高温（３５０℃及５００℃条件下）灼烧后,ｄ００１面网间距稳定在１８ｎｍ左右,与普通蒙脱石及Ｎａ－基蒙脱石相比,层间距明显增大,且具有较好的热稳定性．     

蒙脱石及铝柱层蒙脱石吸附氧化联苯胺的研究

在控制ｐＨ 条件下,定量测定了联苯胺在两种吸附剂表面的吸附等温曲线．结果表明：联苯胺在两种吸附剂表面的吸附量随着反应体系ｐＨ 的增大和加入联苯胺量的增加而增大;在相同条件下,蒙脱石的吸附能力大于铝柱层蒙脱石．文中还用热分析方法（ＴＧ,ＤＴＧ） 测定了两种氧化产物的热稳定性,并通过分析它们的傅立叶变换漫反射红外光谱（ＤＲＩＦＴ） 数据,讨论了产物的结构特征．     

Influence of types and charges of exchangeable cations on ciprofloxacin sorption by montmorillonite

As one of the most important soil components, montmorillonite plays a vital role in transport and retention of organic pollutants in soils. Ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic of fluoroquiolones, has been frequently detected in water and soil environments due to its wide use in human and veterinary medicine. In this study, the adsorption of CIP onto different homoionic montmorillonite such as Na-, Ca- and Al-MMT was investigated, and the influence of types and charges of exchangeable cations in the interlayer of montmorillonite on CIP adsorption was evaluated. The results showed that different homoionic montmorillonite exhibited different sorption capacity of CIP. At pH 3, the sorption capacity of CIP decreased in the order Na-MMT > Ca-MMT > Al-MMT, following the lyotropic series. When solution pH increased to 11, the sorption capacity of CIP followed the order Ca-MMT > Al-MMT > Na-MMT. Accompanying CIP adsorption on Ca-MMT, a certain amount of Ca2+ was released into solution. Compared to pH 3, the lower Ca concentration in solution at pH 11 indicated that the adsorption of CIP on Ca-MMT at strong alkaline pH was no longer via cation exchange, and surface complexation or cation bridging might contribute to CIP adsorption. The adsorption of CIP on Na- and Ca-MMT at pH 3 and 11 resulted in the expansion of d-spacing, indicative of intercalation of CIP into the interlayer space of the montmorillonite. However, a decrease of d-spacing was observed when CIP adsorbed on Al-MMT at pH 11, which might be attributed to the dissolution of Al-CIP complex formed between CIP and Al3+ in the interlayer of montmorillonite. The results suggest that the types and charges of exchangeable cations in the interlayer of montmorillonite play an important role in CIP adsorption on montmorillonite.     

强化蒙脱石去除水溶液中四环素的动力学研究

通过对蒙脱石的改性处理,制备了强化铁铈-纳基蒙脱石,并研究了其对水溶液中四环素的吸附行为。结果表明,溶液pH、离子强度和温度对吸附效果均有明显的影响。用Freundlich方程和二阶吸附动力学方程能较好的描述四环素的吸附过程。     

Preparation and Properties of Pillared Montmorillonite by Polyhydroxyl-aluminum-manganese Cations

Al-Mn-pillared montmoriUonite ( AMPM ) was prepared by using the artificial Na-montmoril-lonite from the Qingfengshan bentonite mine as starting materials mixed with Al-Mn pillaring solutions at different Al / Mn molar ratios ( R ). The basal spacing and specific surface area of the materials were increased significantly compared with untreated c/ays. When R=0.5, the d(001) value and specific surface area of pillared montmoril-lonite were 1.8987 nm and 146.01 m^2 g^-1, respectively. The thermal stability was determined using calcined tests,X-ray diffraction( XRD ) analysis, thermal gravimetry and differential thermal analysis( TG- DTA ). The formed at initial R = 0. 5 exhibited a high stability, the basal interlayer spacing was stabilized at 1. 7859 nm after calcined for 2 h at 300℃. The adsorption behavior of the materials wets studied by adsorption experi-ments. The results show the AMPM and calcined AI-Mn-pilloTed montmoriUonite (CAMPM) exhibit a strong ca-pacity of adsorbing the Zn ( Ⅱ ) in aqueous solution at pH 10.0.     

Montmorillonite supported titanium/antimony catalyst: Preparation,characterization and immobilization

Montmorillonite supported titanium(Ti-MMT) or antimony catalyst(Sb-MMT) has been a hot area of research on preparing polyethylene terephthalate/montmorillonite(PET/MMT) nanocomposites by in situ polymerization. So removal of Ti or Sb from Ti-MMT or Sb-MMT is not expected during in situ polymerization. Studies on immobilization of Ti or Sb on Ti-MMT or Sb-MMT are seldom reported. In this work, a series of montmorillonite supported catalysts of titanium(Ti-MMT) or antimony(Sb-MMT) and cointercalated montmorillonite of titanium and antimony(Ti/Sb-MMT) were prepared by(1) the reaction of sodium bentonite suspension with intercalating solution containing titanium tetrachloride and/or antimony chloride, and(2) drying or calcinating the products at different temperature(100, 150, 240, 350 and 450 ℃). The physicochemical properties of these MMT supported catalysts were studied by X-ray diffraction(XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICPOES), N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy(UV-vis) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The immobile character of Ti or Sb on MMT supported catalysts was evaluated by a two-step method in deionized water or ethylene glycol. Several results were obtained, i e,(a) during the preparation, with an increase in drying or calcinating temperature, the amount of titanium and/or antimony species remained on these MMT supported catalysts decreased,(b) the experiments about immobile character of Ti or/and Sb showed that with an increase in drying or calcinating temperature, the immobilization of Ti and/or Sb species remained on these MMT supported catalysts increased gradually,(c) Ti-MMT calcinated at 450 ℃ had the biggest pore volume, which means Ti-MMT had the best adsorption application prospect.     

Preparation and characterization of carbon pillared clay material

Carbon pillared clay material was prepared from montmorillonite modified by C19H42BrN and C10H16ClN. SEM, FT-IR, XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, thermal-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were employed to characterize the pore structure and test the effect of surfactant. The results show that organic modifier combines with montmorillonite particles by covalent bond and ion embedded. The microstructure of carbon pillared material looks like needle slice. The most probable pore size distribution is about 1.7 nm. The clay material slice mainly consists of two-dimensional aperture supported by a carbonization pillar. The high-temperature stability of carbon pillared clay is im- proved.     

连云港近海沉积物对铜离子的等温吸附研究

采用平衡吸附法,进行了连云港近海沉积物对水溶液中铜离子的等温吸附研究,考察了溶液pH、时间、温度对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,在pH=5.0,7h后反应基本达到平衡.该沉积物对水中铜离子的吸附等温线为台阶形的二级交换等温线,这与该沉积物由伊利石、蒙脱石等矿物组成有关.利用分级离子交换反应模型求出了平衡常数K1和K2.温度升高,K1和K2增大,表明升高温度有利于吸附反应的进行.