碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈复合纤维的制备及结构研究

通过原位聚合的方法制备了碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈(CNTs/PAN)聚合液,用湿法纺丝工艺制备了CNTs/PAN复合纤维,分析了复合纤维流变性能、热性能及截面形貌。结果表明:CNTs的加入使得聚合物溶液出现了假凝胶化,粘度和弹性均有所上升,纺丝时溶液细流的表层遇水迅速凝固成致密的皮层,影响了纤维芯部的二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和水的双扩散作用,凝固丝出现了很明显的皮芯结构,CNTs的加入还使得纤维预氧化放热过程得到了缓和。     

碳纳米管增强PA6纤维纺丝工艺的研究

将含有碳纳米管(CNTs)的母粒与PA6切片及稳定剂熔融共混纺丝,可制得增强的PA6/CNTs纤维。探讨了纺丝温度、初生纤维的放置时间、热定型时间等对PA6/CNTs纤维强度的影响。结果表明,CNTs 质量分数为0.03%,纺丝温度为288℃,热定型时间为10 s,放置时间为4 d时,纤维增强效果最佳。     

A novel method to graft carbon nanotube onto carbon fiber by the use of a binder

A novel method is developed for grafting multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) onto the surface of polyacrylonitrile‐based high strength (T300GB) carbon fiber. Functionalized MWNTs were well dispersed in the PVA solution and the carbon fiber was dip‐coated in this solution. After heat treatment of the coated carbon fiber under a nitrogen atmosphere, MWNTs with carboxyl groups were grafted onto the functionalized carbon fiber via chemical interaction. The resulting materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Raman spectrum and mechanical testing. FESEM observations revealed uniform coverage of carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber. The carbon fiber grafted with MWNTs improved the tensile strength by 12% with respect to the pristine carbon fiber. These results are supportive of good interfacial bonding between the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon fiber. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

Plasma-modified multiwalled carbon nanotubes with polyaniline for glucose biosensor applications

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was modified through plasma polymerization of aniline by applying different radio frequency (radio frequency (RF): 13.56?MHz) powers. The modified MWCNTs were investigated in terms of morphology, chemical structure, and thermal behaviors, indicating the formation of composites based on the surface modification of MWCNT with polyaniline (PANI). These composites were then used in amperometric glucose biosensor, which was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase on premodified Pt electrode with PANI/MWCNT composites. The biosensor based on the composite obtained under RF power of 60?W exhibited the high sensitivity of 54.91?µA mM^?1 cm^?2 to glucose.     

碳纳米管/聚合物纳米复合纤维静电纺丝研究进展

简述了静电纺丝装置的发展及其基本原理;介绍了静电纺丝制备碳纳米管/聚合物纳米复合纤维的技术进展,主要技术是碳纳米管在聚合基体中的分散性以及二者之间的界面结合力;详述了碳纳米管/聚丙烯腈纳米复合纤维和碳纳米管/聚氧乙烯(PEO)纳米复合纤维的制备及技术进展。指出今后应进一步发挥碳纳米管的性能,改进静电纺丝装置。     

聚酯/碳纳米管导电纤维结构与性能的研究

通过双螺杆挤出机制备聚酯／碳纳米管(PET／CNTs)导电复合材料,为保证CNTs在PET中分散均匀,同时加入了矿物偶联剂,经扫描电镜分析,加入相对CNTs质量分数为50％矿物偶联剂能帮助CNTs在PET基体中均匀分散。PET复合材料中加入质量分数约为2％的CNTs可以使其体积电阻率从1014下降到102数量级。采用复合纺丝获得了导电纤维,分别在PET织物和羊毛织物中,添加相对织物质量分数为25％,3％的PET／CNTs导电纤维,可使相应织物具有优良的抗静电效果。     

碳纳米管阵列在电化学中的应用

高定向的碳纳米管阵列由于有优越的电导率、高比表面积、发达的多孔结构而具有良好的电化学性能如大容量、优异的速率性能和较长的循环寿命,这些独特的性质使其在电化学领域显现出巨大的应用潜力。本文简要介绍了碳纳米管阵列的制备,并从电化学储能、电化学催化和电化学传感器等领域综述近年来碳纳米管阵列在电化学应用中的最新研究进展,分析了其所面临的问题,并提出了未来碳纳米管阵列在电化学应用中的发展方向。关键词：碳纳米管阵列；电化学性能；储能；催化；传感器中图分类号：     

聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的研究现状及在纤维中的应用

对聚合物/碳纳米管复合材料的制备和性能研究现状及碳纳米管对聚合物的增强机理作了综述,并介绍了此纳米复合材料在复合纤维制备中的应用。     

PtCu alloy nanotube arrays supported on carbon fiber cloth as flexible anodes for direct methanol fuel cell

The rapid development of flexible and portable electrochemical energy devices has promoted the demand for flexible and lightweight electrocatalysts. Here we report flexible high performance electrocatalysts based on PtCu alloy nanotube arrays on carbon fiber cloth (CFC) (PtCu ANTAs/CFC) for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). Compared with Pt NTAs/CFC and commercial Pt/C, the PtCu ANTAs/CFC electrocatalysts exhibit significantly improved electrocatalytic activity and durability. Furthermore, the PtCu ANTAs/CFC electrocatalysts show excellent flexibility and they can keep almost constant electrocatalytic performance under the different distorted states, such as normal, bending and twisting states. The improved performance of the flexible PtCu ANTAs/CFC electrocatalysts can be ascribed to unique ANTAs, synergistic effect between Pt and Cu, and porous structure of CFC. This work shows the significant progress of high‐performance Pt‐based flexible anodes for DMFCs. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 975–983, 2016     

A novel carbon nanotube nanopaper polyurethane coating for fiber reinforced composite substrates

High performance carbon nanotube (CNT) nanopaper (NP) reinforced polyurethane (PU) nanocomposite coating with high potential for aerospace and automotive applications was successfully fabricated and evaluated in this work. Different PU formulations were used to fabricate nanocomposites to study the effect of hard segment content on resin infiltration and nanocomposite mechanical properties. The process window of PU infiltration into the CNT NP was established by rheology measurements and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The micro-structure morphology of the nanocomposite was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Uniform CNT distribution in PU matrix was observed in the high-resolution SEM images, which indicated good resin impregnation quality. Based on mechanical properties and process window, a PU formulation was selected as matrix to fabricate NP/PU nanocomposite coating for carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CFPC) substrate. The flexural strength and impact resistance of the CFPC were significantly improved by 9% and 14.7% after applying the NP/PU nanocomposite coating. Aimed at industrial applications, a continuous nanopaper fabrication process was successfully demonstrated in this work. Through the process window study, a continuous process to fabricate nanocomposite is proposed for future scale-up.     

Fibers from polypropylene/nano carbon fiber composites

Fibers from polypropylene and polypropylene/vapor grown nano carbon fiber composite have been spun using conventional melt spinning equipment. At 5 wt% nano carbon fiber loading, modulus and compressive strength of polypropylene increased by 50 and 100%, respectively, and the nano carbon fibers exhibited good dispersion in the polypropylene matrix as observed by scanning electron microscopy.     

Photoisomerization of electroactive polyimide/multiwalled carbon nanotube composites on the effect of electrochemical sensing for ascorbic acid

We present the first investigation of photoisomerization of the azo‐based electroactive polyimide (PI)/amino‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composite electrode on the effect of electrochemical sensing for ascorbic acid (AA). First, MWCNTs were grafted with 4‐aminobenzoic acid in a medium of polyphosphoric acid/phosphorous pentoxide to obtain MWCNTs functionalized with 4‐aminobenzoyl groups (AF‐MWCNTs). Subsequently, photoactive and electroactive PI/AF‐MWCNT composites (PEPACCs) were prepared by introducing pendant conjugated oligoaniline (amino‐capped aniline trimer) in the main chain and azobenzene chromophores in the side chain, in the presence of AF‐MWCNTs. Photoactive and electroactive PI (PEPI) and PEPACCs were characterized by ¹H NMR spectra, UV?visible absorption spectra, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and transmission electron microscopy. The CV study shows that the PEPACCs have higher electroactivity than PEPI. The redox and reversible photoisomerization (i.e. cis ? trans) behavior of PEPACCs was analyzed by in situ monitoring through systematic studies of CV and UV?visible spectroscopy. The light of the UV lamp was 365 nm. It should be noted that the sensor constructed from a trans‐PEPACC‐modified carbon‐paste electrode (CPE) demonstrated a higher electrocatalytic activity by 2.75‐fold and 1.12‐fold towards the oxidation of AA compared with those constructed using a PEPI‐ and cis‐PEPACC‐modified CPE, respectively. The detection limit of the trans‐PEPACC‐modified electrode was 1.73‐fold and 1.70‐fold lower than that of PEPI‐ and cis‐PEPACC‐modified CPE. Moreover, the differential pulse voltammetry data showed that the trans‐PEPACC‐modified electrode had high electrochemical sensing ability for the determination of AA, dopamine and uric acid. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

碳纳米管涂料的研究进展

综述了碳纳米管涂料的最新研究进展,介绍了碳纳米管在复合材料、导电、电磁屏蔽、吸波、吸热、抗菌等特殊涂料中的应用。初步探讨了碳纳米管涂料特殊性能的机理,指出了纳米涂料产业化所面临的困难,并对今后的发展进行了展望。     

碳纳米管的非共价功能化研究进展

综述了碳纳米管非共价功能化的一些新的研究进展情况,介绍了碳纳米管非共价功化的种类、方法和意义,并对功能化后的碳纳米管的性能表征方法及应用前景进行了介绍。针对碳纳米管非共价功能化后虽可同时保持原有的物化性质和引入的物化性质,但表征非常困难这一矛盾进行了评述,并对今后的发展进行了展望。     

硝基苯在碳化钨/碳纳米管粉末微电极上的电化学行为

采用表面修饰和原位还原碳化技术制备了碳化钨（WC）/碳纳米管（CNT）纳米复合材料,并以其为电催化剂制成了WC/CNT纳米复合材料粉末微电极（WC/CNT-PME）。采用计时电流法、循环伏安法和原位红外反射光谱技术研究了酸性溶液中硝基苯在WC/CNT-PME上的电化学行为,讨论了扫描速率和温度对其电化学行为的影响。结果表明,WC/CNT纳米复合材料对硝基苯的电催化活性明显高于碳纳米管和纳米碳化钨;硝基苯在WC/CNT-PME上的还原反应是一受吸附控制的不可逆过程,其还原产物为对氨基苯酚。     

改性碳纳米管及其复合材料在废水处理中的应用现状及展望

碳纳米管（carbon nanotube, CNT）具有高比表面积、高吸附能力、优良的导电性和化学稳定性等,但其在水中存在分散性差和催化能力低等问题。为了提高其在废水处理中性能,需要对CNT进行改性,制备复合材料。本文总结了CNT表面改性和复合材料制备方法,论述了改性CNT及其复合材料在电化学氧化、电化学还原、电化学过滤、光催化和膜分离等处理技术中的应用研究进展,并就未来研究方向进行了展望。指出了CNT在未来废水处理方面应用的研究重点包括：①设计经济、方便、温和的改性路线,继续寻求获得新型高效改性CNT及其复合材料,并兼顾稳定性;②开发基于改性CNT及其复合材料特性的废水处理新装置和反应工艺;③关注因改性CNT及其复合材料流失引起的生物、生态效应。     

Electrochemical properties of double wall carbon nanotube electrodes

Electrochemical properties of double wall carbon nanotubes (DWNT) were assessed and compared to their single wall (SWNT) counterparts. The double and single wall carbon nanotube materials were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and electrochemistry. The electrochemical behavior of DWNT film electrodes was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry of ferricyanide and NADH. It is shown that while both DWNT and SWNT were significantly functionalized with oxygen containing groups, double wall carbon nanotube film electrodes show a fast electron transfer and substantial decrease of overpotential of NADH when compared to the same way treated single wall carbon nanotubes. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyacrylonitrile composite fibers prepared by in situ polymerization

Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) by in situ polymerization or by mechanically mixing. The mixtures were then wet‐spun into fibers, respectively. The effects of mixing method on the interfacial bonding between the components in the fibers and the properties of the fiber were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, TEM, SEM, and tensile strength testing. By in situ polymerization mixing, a thin layer of PAN molecules is observed to cover the surface of the CNT, which increases the diameter of CNT evidently. Results of Raman spectroscopy indicate that the layer of PAN molecules are strongly attached onto the surface of CNT through grafting polymerization, leading to strong chemical bonding between CNTs and PAN matrix in the obtained fibers. In contrast, no obvious chemical interactions are observed between them in the fibers prepared by mechanically mixing. In both cases, the CNTs have significantly strengthened the PAN fibers. However, the fibers prepared from in situ polymerization mixing are much stronger because of the interfacial bonding effect between the PAN molecules and CNTs. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Amperometric glucose biosensor prepared with biocompatible material and carbon nanotube by layer-by-layer self-assembly technique

Prussian Blue (PB) based glucose biosensor was prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) in layer-by-layer (LBL) films with chitosan (Chi) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs). With the increasing of Chi/MWNTs/GOD layers, the response current to glucose was changed regularly and reached a maximum value when the number of layer was six. At the optimized condition, the biosensor exhibits excellent response performance to glucose with a linear range from 1 to 7 mM and a low detection limit of 0.05 mM. The biosensor also shows a high sensitivity of 8.017 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², which is attributed to the biocompatible nature of the LBL films. Furthermore, the biosensor shows rapid response, good reproducibility, long-term stability and freedom of interference from other co-existing electroactive species such as ascorbic acid and acetaminophen.