High-resolution interactive colour display

An investigation is made into the feasibility of an interactive layout system for intergrated-circuit masks in which the mask set is displayed on a computer-driven colour screen with a different colour for each mask of the set. The specially designed hardware, in combination with a PDP $\text{11}\text{45}$ computer, allows the display of complicated images. The system is not only a powerful tool for the integrated-circuit designer, but is also suitable for many other interactive colour graphic applications. The development of special software for making the system operational was not part of the study, and some work remains to be done.     

Interactive display technologies

Abstract— The current state of the art of interactive displays, the main principles of their operation, and their functional characteristics are reviewed. Special attention is given to interactive displays with contactless control; in particular, to photo‐sensitive displays. A number of photo‐sensitive display cell designs are considered, as well as the problems related to the production of such cells. The results of the authors' research in this field are presented.     

FIDS-A flat-panel interactive display system

The design of a prototype flat-panel interactive display system (FIDS) based on state-of-the-art human-computer-interaction techniques is described. An example application, namely, a text editor using the standard proof correction marks drawn directly on the display, is presented. Software design and implementation are discussed. The use of the keystroke-level mode to evaluate the prototype is considered     

A macro facility for interactive display

This paper describes how a user of a graphical display unit, e.g. a designer or draftsman, etc. can create procedures at the console which will perform geometric constructions and calculations. These procedures may be recorded, and subsequently recalled and executed, using data values supplied by the user This system may be regarded as an extension to the IBM program Graphic Part Programmer (GPP) Number 360D–23.4.003.¹ The basic system utilized is the contruction part of this program which has been extended to provide drafting facilities. No programming courses are needed as no language is involved, and the only prior experience necessary is that needed to become familiar with the drafting system.     

Advances in interactive digital multimedia systems

This paper introduces basic concepts in digital multimedia systems and surveys recent literature. Background is provided regarding developments in interactive videodiscs, which first made images and video accessible through computer systems. Digital storage media, including optical, magnetic, and network options, are addressed. The characteristics of audio and video and their digital representations are discussed. Because these media are so demanding of space and channel bandwidth, compression methods are reviewed. Standards for digital multimedia are considered. Current multimedia systems are described, and future prospects are indicated     

Implementation of structured display files in interactive colour graphics

This paper discusses the various types of data structure used in computers, analyses their advantages and disadvantages, and assesses their suitability for use in microprocessor-based interactive computer graphics. Its main purpose is to define a display file structure which introduces levels of hierarchy amongst the elements of computer-generated images. The use of structured display files arises from the need to assist the user of an interactive system by supplying the software tools required to allow easy manipulation of the image contents.     

New monitor technologies are on display

Imagine portable smart screens that can connect wirelessly with a base PC from anywhere in a house or small office; thin, flexible displays that roll up like paper for transport or storage; or monitors with onscreen circuitry that function like self-contained computers. These are, in fact, just a few of the newest developments currently taking place in computer display technology. Except for a few exotic approaches that have emerged occasionally, display technology has essentially been the same for many years. But researchers are already developing a number of innovative display approaches that could improve the user's experience, reduce energy consumption, and, in some cases, alter the way people work with computers. The paper discusses organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays, also known as organic electroluminescent (OEL) displays.     

交互式桌面及其相关技术研究

交互式桌面Tabletop现已成为人机交互领域的一大研究热点。在对现有Tabletop硬件平台和交互技术全面调查和深入分析的基础上,深入探讨Tabletop的发展方向及其关键技术,其中着重分析了物理仿真和空间交互技术在提高Tabletop自然交互方面的重要性。该课题的研究有助于新型Tabletop交互系统的设计和评估,同时也将对普适计算、自然用户界面等相关研究领域起到重要的借鉴作用。     

Socio-ethics of interaction with intelligent interactive technologies

Socio-ethics covers the relation of the individual with the group and with society, as the individual acquires the skills for social life with others and the conduct of ‘normal responsible behaviour’ (Leal in AI Soc 9:29–32, 1995) that guides moral action. For a consideration of what it means to be socially skilled in everyday human interaction and the ethical issues arising from the new conditions of interaction that come with the integration of intelligent interactive artefacts, we will provide an analysis at multiple levels of these phenomena and draw on a variety of application domains, for example, healthcare and interactive media.     

Eye and gaze tracking for interactive graphic display

This paper describes a computer vision system based on active IR illumination for real-time gaze tracking for interactive graphic display. Unlike most of the existing gaze tracking techniques, which often require assuming a static head to work well and require a cumbersome calibration process for each person, our gaze tracker can perform robust and accurate gaze estimation without calibration and under rather significant head movement. This is made possible by a new gaze calibration procedure that identifies the mapping from pupil parameters to screen coordinates using generalized regression neural networks (GRNNs). With GRNNs, the mapping does not have to be an analytical function and head movement is explicitly accounted for by the gaze mapping function. Furthermore, the mapping function can generalize to other individuals not used in the training. To further improve the gaze estimation accuracy, we employ a hierarchical classification scheme that deals with the classes that tend to be misclassified. This leads to a improvement in classification error. The angular gaze accuracy is about horizontally and vertically. The effectiveness of our gaze tracker is demonstrated by experiments that involve gaze-contingent interactive graphic display.Received: 21 July 2002, Accepted: 3 February 2004, Published online: 8 June 2004 Correspondence to: Qiang Ji     

Effects of output display and control—display gain on human performance in interactive systems

Abstract

Human performance comparisons on interactive systems were drawn between output displays (CRT and LCD) across settings of control-display gain. Empirical evidence was sought in light of the common feeling in the user community that motor-sensory tasks are more difficult on a system equipped with an LCD display vs. a CRT display. In a routine target acquisition task using a mouse, movement times were 34% longer and motor-sensory bandwidth was 25% less when the output display was an LCD vs. a CRT. No significant difference in error rates was found. Control-display (C-D) gain was tested as a possible confounding factor; however, no interaction effect was found. There was a significant, opposing main effect for C-D gain on movement lime and error rates, illustrating the difficulty in optimizing C-D gain on the basis of movement time alone.     

Cooking up an interactive olfactory game display.

It's long been possible to give users outside an actual environment that environment's visual and auditory information and thus contribute to establishing presence. However, we've yet to establish much presence when users require olfactory information - such as in environments focused on foods, flowers, perfumes, or, in some cases, more offensive smells. Recently, several VR researchers have become interested in olfaction and olfactory displays that present smells in virtual environments (VEs). In this article, we describe our interactive olfactory display. One of our development goals is to confirm the assumption that users' interactions with the system increases presence. Thus, we used our interactive olfactory display to develop a cooking game in collaboration with electronic engineers and artists.     

Lumisight Table: an interactive view-dependent tabletop display

A novel tabletop display provides different images to different users surrounding the system. It can also capture users' gestures and physical objects on the tabletop. The Lumisight Table approach is based on the optical design of a special screen system composed of a building material called Lumisty and a Fresnel lens. The system combines these films and a lens with four projectors to display four different images, one for each user's view. In addition, we need appropriate input methods for this display media. In the current state of the project, we can control computers by placing physical objects on the display or placing our hands over the display. This screen system also makes it possible to use a camera to capture the appearance of the tabletop from inside of the system. Our other main idea is to develop attractive and specialized applications on the Lumisight Table, including games and applications for computer-supported cooperative-work (CSCW) environments. The projected images can be completely different from each other, or partially identical and partially different. Users can share the identical parts as public information, because all users can see it. This article is available with a short video documentary on CD-ROM.     

An interactive clothing design and personalized virtual display system

An interactive clothing design and a personalized virtual display with user’s own face are presented in this paper to meet the requirement of personalized clothing customization. A customer interactive clothing design approach based on genetic engineering ideas is analyzed by taking suit as an example. Thus, customers could rearrange the clothing style elements, chose available color, fabric and come up with their own personalized suit style. A web 3D customization prototype system of personalized clothing is developed based on the Unity3D and VR technology. The layout of the structure and functions combined with the flow of the system are given. Practical issues such as 3D face scanning, suit style design, fabric selection, and accessory choices are addressed also. Tests to the prototype system indicate that it could show realistic clothing and fabric effect and offer effective visual and customization experience to users.

     

Effects of output display and control—display gain on human performance in interactive systems

Human performance comparisons on interactive systems were drawn between output displays (CRT and LCD) across settings of control-display gain. Empirical evidence was sought in light of the common feeling in the user community that motor-sensory tasks are more difficult on a system equipped with an LCD display vs. a CRT display. In a routine target acquisition task using a mouse, movement times were 34% longer and motor-sensory bandwidth was 25% less when the output display was an LCD vs. a CRT. No significant difference in error rates was found. Control-display (C-D) gain was tested as a possible confounding factor; however, no interaction effect was found. There was a significant, opposing main effect for C-D gain on movement lime and error rates, illustrating the difficulty in optimizing C-D gain on the basis of movement time alone.     

An interactive handheld spherical 3D object display system

Traditional display systems usually display 3D objects on static screens (monitor, wall, etc.) and the manipulation of virtual objects by the viewer is usually achieved via indirect tools such as keyboard or mouse. It would be more natural and direct if we display the object onto a handheld surface and manipulate it with our hands as if we were holding the real 3D object. In this paper, we propose a prototype system by projecting the object onto a handheld foam sphere. The aim is to develop an interactive 3D object manipulation and exhibition tool without the viewer having to wear spectacles. In our system, the viewer holds the sphere with his hands and moves it freely. Meanwhile we project well-tailored images onto the sphere to follow its motion, giving the viewer a virtual perception as if the object were sitting inside the sphere and being moved by the viewer. The design goal is to develop a low-cost, real-time, and interactive 3D display tool. An off-the-shelf projector-camera pair is first calibrated via a simple but efficient algorithm. Vision-based methods are proposed to detect the sphere and track its subsequent motion. The projection image is generated based on the projective geometry among the projector, sphere, camera and the viewer. We describe how to allocate the view spot and warp the projection image. We also present the result and the performance evaluation of the system.     

Present and future color display technologies for graphics

This paper describes and compares the present and emerging technologies for color graphic displays. The current limits of the various technologies are described, along with the author's opinion as to what, if any, improvements might be expected in the future. Consideration is given to how new technologies may extend the current limits in size, resolution, and viewability of color displays. Emphasis is placed on high-performance displays for applications such as computer-aided design (CAD).