铝薄膜对烧结NdFeB磁体耐蚀性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射的方法在烧结NdFeB磁体表面沉积Al薄膜提高磁体的耐蚀性能。研究膜厚及溅射功率对薄膜结构和耐蚀性能的影响。利用SEM对Al薄膜的微观结构进行分析,并采用动态极化曲线和中性盐雾实验分析Al薄膜耐蚀性能。均匀致密的Al薄膜的形成是获得良好耐蚀性能的必要条件。在51-82 W溅射功率下制备的6.69μm的Al薄膜具有良好的耐蚀性能。     

烧结钕铁硼磁体表面CeO2/硅烷复合涂层的制备及其耐蚀性能

采用浸涂方式在烧结钕铁硼磁体表面制备CeO2/硅烷复合涂层,研究了硅烷水溶液中纳米CeO2颗粒掺杂量对复合涂层性能的影响,通过扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、动电位极化曲线及中性盐雾试验对所制备的CeO2/硅烷复合涂层的形貌、元素分布以及耐腐蚀性能进行分析。结果表明:纳米CeO2颗粒的添加增强了涂层的硬度,提高了硅烷涂层的屏蔽性能,延长了腐蚀溶液渗入硅烷涂层的腐蚀通道,复合涂层耐中性盐雾试验能力可达24 h。但由于纳米颗粒只是机械的镶嵌到复合涂层中,不会改变硅烷涂层在固化过程中醇基之间脱水缩合反应的本质,在NaCl溶液中,复合涂层依然会形成高低不同的交联密度区,CeO2/硅烷复合涂层失效的主要原因依然是在交联密度低的区域首先水解溶解导致的。     

Improving adhesion of electroless Ni-P coating on sintered NdFeB magnet

The poor adhesion of Ni-P coatings on sintered NdFeB magnets imposes a great challenge in industrial applications. In this work, a kind of Zn phosphate film was fabricated on NdFeB sintered magnets surface to enhance the adhesion strength between the Ni-P coating and the substrate. The results showed that the adhesion strength between magnet surface and Ni-P coating was enhanced from 2.3 MPa to 10.1 MPa after Zn phosphating treatment. The addition of the phosphate created a protective layer over the substrate and inhibited the dissolving of the substrate and generation of H₂, which deteriorated the mechanical strength of the substrate and led to lower adhesion strength. On the other hand, the pores and micro-cracks on the phosphate film enhanced the interfacial contact area as well as reinforced the anchoring of Ni-P grains through the pinning effect, thus leading to high adhesion strength between Ni-P and magnet substrate. Phosphating solution composition and process were also optimized by orthogonal experiments in this work.     

烧结NdFeB喷涂无铬Zn-Al涂层的耐蚀性能

以硅烷为粘接剂、片状锌、铝粉为原料,采用喷涂方式在NdFeB基体上制备了环境友好型无铬Zn-Al涂层。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对涂层的相结构及形貌进行表征,采用中性盐雾试验（NSS）和电化学方法分析镀层的耐蚀性能和耐蚀机理,采用拉力试验测试涂层结合力。结果表明：Zn-Al涂层呈鳞片状,均匀致密地涂敷于NdFeB磁体表面,涂层厚度约27 μm,涂层与基体结合力可达10.95 MPa。Zn-Al对NdFeB基体起到阳极保护的作用,且涂层片状结构延长了腐蚀介质的腐蚀通道,涂层NSS测试可达600 h以上,远远超过传统电镀Zn层的耐中性盐雾能力。     

The influence of Co and Ga additions on the corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline NdFeB magnets

Isotropic nanocrystalline Nd₁₄Fe₈₀B₆ and Nd₁₂Dy₂Fe_73.2Co_6.6Ga_0.6B_5.6 magnets with different grain sizes in the range of 60-600 nm have been produced from melt-spun materials by hot pressing at 700 °C and subsequent annealing at 800 °C for 0.5-6 h. The microstructure has been characterized using XRD, SEM, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, and Kerr microscopy. The corrosion behavior of NdFeB magnets has been examined on 0.1 M H₂SO₄ by in situ inductively coupled plasma solution analysis, gravimetric and electrochemical techniques. The corrosion hydrogen absorption/desorption behavior has been investigated by thermal desorption analysis and hot extraction methods. Partial substitution of Fe with Co and Ga leads to an improvement in corrosion resistance and reduces the affinity and binding energy for hydrogen in these materials. Coarsening of the microstructure results in a better corrosion performance of these materials. The corrosion behavior of the magnets in relation to phase composition, phase distribution and grain size is discussed in terms of dissolution, hydrogenation and mechanical degradation.     

Primary investigation of corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO2 composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet

In this paper, an electroless nickel plating and sol-gel combined technique used to prepare the Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film on sintered NdFeB permanent magnet is described and the composite film was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The corrosion resistance of Ni-P/TiO₂ film was studied by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The self-corrosion current density (i_corr) of Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film is 2.38μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ solution about 33% of that of Ni-P coating and 0.22μA/cm² in 0.5mol/L NaCl solution about 14% of that of Ni-P coating, respectively. In 0.5mol/L H₂SO₄ and 0.5mol/L NaCl solutions, the polarization resistance (Rp) of the composite film is 12.5kΩ cm² and 120kΩ cm², about 1.6 and 2 times that of Ni-P coating, respectively. The results indicate that Ni-P/TiO₂ composite film has a better corrosion resistance than Ni-P coating.     

Corrosion resistance of environment‐friendly sealing layer for Zn‐coated sintered NdFeB magnet

In this paper, a protective sealed Zn coating (SZC) was prepared on sintered NdFeB magnet by the combination of electrodeposition and sol–gel method. The unsealed Zn coating (UZC) was also studied for a comparison. The surface morphology of UZC and the cross‐section morphology of SZC were investigated using scanning election microscope (SEM). The microstructure of Zn coating and structure of sealing layer were studied by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectrum, respectively. The corrosion characteristics of SZC and UZC in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were evaluated using electrochemical measurements including open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization test, indicating that the anticorrosive properties of SZC coated specimens increased 20 times compared with that of UZC coated specimens. In order to further investigate the anticorrosive properties of SZC, a long‐term immersion test was carried out in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution using EIS. The results of long‐term corrosion test showed that the SZC could provide long‐term protection in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solution for NdFeB magnet.     

Grain growth effects on the corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline NdFeB magnets

Isotropic nanocrystalline Nd₁₄Fe₈₀B₆ magnets with different grain sizes in the range of 100-600 nm have been produced from melt-spun materials by hot pressing at 700 °C and subsequent annealing at 800 °C for 0.5-6 h. The microstructures have been characterized using XRD, SEM, EDX and Kerr microscopy. The effect of grain size on the corrosion behavior of nanocrystalline magnets has been examined in N₂-purged 0.1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte by in situ inductively coupled plasma solution analysis, gravimetric and electrochemical techniques and hot extraction [H]-analysis. The corrosion resistance increases with increasing grain size of the hard magnetic phase. Nanocrystalline magnets showed an increase in absorbed hydrogen by anodic polarization and abnormal dissolution by cathodic polarization. The corrosion behavior of the magnets in relation to their microstructure is discussed in terms of dissolution, hydrogenation and mechanical degradation.     

Jet electrodeposition multilayer nickel on the surface of sintered NdFeB and corrosion behaviours

Sintered neodymium (NdFeB) magnet material is highly vulnerable to corrosion. To solve this problem, three kinds of structures (dark nickel, bright nickel, and multilayered nickel) were produced efficiently and quickly by using jet electrodeposition technology. The structure and microstructure of the coatings were analysed by X-ray diffraction and field-emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The corrosion resistance of the samples was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarisation (Tafel). By comparing the corrosion behaviours of different structures, we found that the corrosion resistance of multilayered structure nickel coating was much higher than that of single layered nickel and the surface quality was significantly improved compared with dark nickel, which can better protect the NdFeB material.     

烧结NdFeB永磁体表面微弧氧化涂层的制备及性能

为了提高烧结NdFeB永磁体的耐蚀性,本文在铝酸盐溶液中采用二步微弧氧化工艺在烧结NdFeB永磁体表面制备了氧化铝陶瓷涂层。微弧氧化过程中,电压-时间曲线可大致分为四个阶段,与阀金属处理的曲线基本一致。烧结NdFeB表面制备的涂层呈现出典型的微弧氧化多孔形貌,厚度大约为5 μm。涂层中仅含有Al₂O₃结晶相,并含有少量的Fe、Nd和P元素。微弧氧化处理后,烧结NdFeB的表面粗糙度有所增加,耐蚀性较基体提高了1个数量级。然后,微弧氧化处理后,烧结NdFeB磁体的剩磁和最大磁能积较未处理NdFeB有所下降。     

A comparative study on the corrosion behavior of NdFeB magnets in different electrolyte solutions

Sintered NdFeB magnets possess excellent magnetic properties. However, the corrosion resistance property of NdFeB is very poor due to its multiphase microstructure consisting of matrix phase Nd₂Fe₁₄B, Nd‐rich phase, and B‐rich phase. The corrosion behavior of NdFeB magnets in sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium chloride (NaCl), nitric acid (HNO₃), and oxalic acid (H₂C₂O₄) solutions was investigated by immersion and electrochemical tests. HNO₃is the strongest corrosive electrolyte compared with the other three solutions. The increase in HNO₃concentration can accelerate the corrosion of NdFeB magnets. NaCl belongs to medium corrosion electrolyte. A NaCl concentration of 0.5 M shows the severest corrosive feature in comparison with other concentrations of NaCl solution. NdFeB hardly suffers corrosion in NaOH and H₂C₂O₄solutions owing to the formation of passivation films on the surface of magnets. Based on the corrosion behavior of NdFeB in different electrolytes, the possible corrosion mechanisms are discussed.     

低压烧结对NdFeB磁体微观结构与服役稳定性的影响（英文）

研究了NdFeB磁体微观结构和服役稳定性的内在联系。结果表明,低压烧结NdFeB磁体具有更加细小的晶粒尺寸和分布更为均匀的晶间富钕相,有利于磁体获得更小的矫顽力温度系数,从而提高其温度稳定性。对比真空烧结后的磁体,低压烧结磁体的矫顽力温度系数从-0.488%/℃减小至-0.472%/℃。但是富钕相从三角晶界向主相晶间流动形成了完整的网状结构,不利于磁体的耐腐蚀性能。低压烧结磁体在3.5%（质量分数）NaCl溶液中浸泡后腐蚀失重更为严重,表现出更强的腐蚀倾向。     

Zn基钎料钎焊烧结NdFeB与DP1180钢接头微观组织及性能

采用Zn-5Sn-2Cu-1.5Bi(ZSCB)钎料实现了烧结NdFeB永磁材料(NdFeB)与DP1180钢的钎焊连接。在惰性气氛控制的高频感应炉中进行钎焊,采用OM、SEM、EDS、微区XRD和NIM-2000H磁性测试仪等手段分析了接头界面的微观组织结构、NdFeB的磁性能和接头剪切强度。结果表明,NdFeB与ZSCB钎料形成Nd-Fe-Zn和Fe-Zn冶金结合,FeZn13和Fe3Zn10相在DP1180钢侧的界面处形成。焊接温度对NdFeB的磁性能影响较小。与传统方法的粘接相比,接头的剪切强度从32.50MPa提高到44.00MPa,提高了35.38%。由于NdFeB和ZSCB钎料之间的热膨胀系数差异很大,在接近NdFeB的反应层处产生较高的残余应力,导致接头从NdFeB界面处断裂。     

NdFeB烧结永磁体化学镀Ni-P的研究

对于NdFeB烧结永磁体．前处理后先超声波预镀铜，然后在pH=7、温度70℃的中性镀液中先施镀40min，再将镀液调至pH=5．5、温度80℃施镀1．5h，获得不同磷含量的Ni-P复合镀层。通过对镀层结合强度、成分和组织结构、孔隙率、耐蚀性等性能测试，结果表明：NdFeB永磁体采用此工艺．可获得孔隙率为零、结合强度较高、表面光洁、具有一定耐蚀性的Ni-P镀层。     

Study on Phosphating by Ultrasonic Wave at Room Temperature for Sintered NdFeB Magnet

The corrosion behavior of a NdFeB magnet obtained at room temperature,with and without ultrasonic were investigated.The corrosion resistance was investigated by corrosion immersion tests in 3 wt%neutral NaCl solutions,potentiodynamic polarization tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The morphology of the conversion coatings on NdFeB surface were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).And the forming mechanism of coatings was studied by potential-time curves.The tests of corrosion resistances show that the combination of phosphating treatment with ultrasonic will further improve the corrosion resistance of the NdFeB.The SEM also confirms that phosphating coating under ultrasonic is more homogeneous and compact.     

NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射铝防护镀层性能研究

目的研究一种NdFeB永磁体表面腐蚀防护技术。方法采用磁控溅射技术,在烧结NdFeB永磁体表面沉积一层纯铝防护薄膜,然后对纯铝薄膜进行阿洛丁化学转化复合处理,表征膜层的表面和截面形貌,并研究结构及耐腐蚀性能。结果沉积的Al中间层和Al薄膜均结构致密,膜/基界面平整,膜层的自腐蚀电流密度为3.5×10-6A/cm2,说明纯Al薄膜能够对NdFeB永磁体提供有效的防护。阿洛丁化学转化可使铝薄膜表面更加致密,自腐蚀电流密度低至7.9×10-7A/cm2,进一步提高了纯铝薄膜的防护性能。结论 NdFeB永磁体表面磁控溅射镀铝是一种有效且环保的防护技术,可用于替代不环保的电镀防护。     

Electrochemical corrosion behaviors and protective properties of Ni–Co–TiO2 composite coating prepared on sintered NdFeB magnet

In this paper, a protective Ni–Co–TiO₂ composite coating was prepared on the sintered NdFeB magnet by direct current electrodeposition. The surface morphologies, microstructure, and chemical composition of the composite coating were studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. The surface morphologies and microstructure analysis showed that the composite coating possessed cauliflower‐like grain colonies, and formed face‐centered cubic (fcc) solid solution. The electrochemical corrosion behaviors of the composite coating in 0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄, 0.6 mol/L NaOH, 0.6 mol/L Na₂SO₄, and neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions were evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), showing good protection for NdFeB magnet. In order to further investigate the protective properties of the composite coating for NdFeB magnet and the practicability of the composite coating, the long‐term immersion test was carried out in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions using EIS. The results of long‐term corrosion test showed that the Ni–Co–TiO₂ composite coating could provide long‐term protection in neutral 3.5 wt% NaCl solutions for NdFeB magnet.     

磁粉粒度对注射成形粘结NdFeB磁体性能的影响

研究磁粉粒度对注射成形粘结NdFeB磁体性能的影响。结果表明：随着磁粉粒度减小,喂料粘度值升高,粘流指数n值降低,其注射工艺性能更好;制备粘结磁体的抗压强度更高,但其不可逆磁损失也增大。NdFeB磁粉粒度太粗或太细均不利于磁体性能的提高,其最佳粒径范围是80-100μm;通过粒度级配可以降低喂料粘度值或提高临界装载量,在此基础上制备高性能的各向异性粘结NdFeB磁体,其Br、iHc、（BH）max及σbb分别为878 mT、1 212.3 kA/m、128 kJ/m^3及73 MPa。     

Corrosion resistance and mechanical properties of pulse electrodeposited Ni–TiO2 composite coating for sintered NdFeB magnet

Ni–TiO₂ composite coating which was prepared under pulse current conditions was successfully performed on sintered NdFeB magnet. As a comparison, pure nickel coating was also prepared. The phase structure, the surface morphology, the chemical composition, the anti-corrosion performance of the coatings for magnets, the microhardness and the wearing resistance performance of the coatings were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electrochemical technique, Vickers hardness tester and ball-on-disc tribometer, respectively. The results revealed that Ni–TiO₂ composite coating provided excellent anti-corrosion performance for the magnets, and showed higher microhardness and better anti-wear performance.     

Impeding corrosion of sintered NdFeB magnets with titanium nitride coating

Sintered NdFeB magnets have poor corrosion resistance that renders them susceptible to corrosion in industrial and marine environments. This paper evaluates the properties of cathodic arc physical vapour deposited (CAPVD) titanium nitride coating for corrosion protection of sintered NdFeB permanent magnets. The performance of titanium nitride coating has been compared to the electrodeposited nickel–copper–nickel multilayer coating. The rates of coatings degradation in simulated marine environment were estimated with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Cyclic polarization was carried out to assess the pitting potential. The surface chemistry and coating morphologies were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). X‐ray diffraction (XRD) was used for qualitative phase analyses of coatings and the substrate. It was figured out that the charge transfer resistance of CAPVD titanium nitride coating increased with exposure time. The negative rate of Rp‐degradation for titanium nitride coating compared to the nickel–copper–nickel multilayer for equivalent exposure time is a unique and valuable result. Polarization results showed that ‘pits re‐passivation’ of titanium nitride coating could be responsible for the extended corrosion protection of the NdFeB substrate. The magnetic properties remained comparable for both types of coatings.