稀土在非TiO2光催化剂的改性研究

近年来,运用稀土改性非TiO2光催化剂取得了显著成果。重点归纳、总结和分析了通过稀土离子单掺或共掺、稀土氧化物复合、上转换光催化与稀土固熔体等手段改性锌基、铋基光催化剂。简单介绍了稀土在钨基等其他基质的应用及新型稀土化合物光催化剂的构筑。发现稀土改性可以影响非TiO2光催化剂的晶格结构能带能、拓宽光谱响应范围和提高量子效率,是提高其光催化活性的有效途径。还对稀土在未来光催化的应用做了分析。     

稀土元素Ce对2A12铝合金在苛刻环境中腐蚀性能的影响

选择添加稀土Ce的含量分别为0%, 0.25%的2A12铝合金为研究对象,采用了室内周期浸润腐蚀加速模拟实验来模拟酸性苛刻的海洋大气环境,结合电化学测试手段,研究了稀土Ce对2A12铝合金在含Cl~-海洋大气模拟环境中的腐蚀行为的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)观察了铝合金的第二相形貌并分析了其元素组成,分析了稀土Ce的加入对第二相的影响:采用扫描电镜观察试样表面除锈后的腐蚀形貌与腐蚀480 h后的锈层形貌,分析了稀土Ce的加入对试样表面腐蚀形貌的影响:采用失重法测量试样的腐蚀量,分析稀土Ce的加入对试样的腐蚀动力学规律的影响,并采用电化学阻抗技术分析了2A12铝合金腐蚀后的电化学行为。实验结果表明,稀土加入后2A12铝合金中形成了含稀土的新相,随着周浸时间的延长,腐蚀产物增多,形成连续锈层。稀土的添加使得2A12铝合金的腐蚀产物明显减少且腐蚀锈层减薄。添加稀土Ce后, 2A12铝合金的失重量明显降低。稀土Ce的加入使得2A12铝合金阻抗模值显著增高。     

稀土在非TiO_2光催化剂的改性研究

近年来,运用稀土改性非TiO2光催化剂取得了显著成果.重点归纳、总结和分析了通过稀土离子单掺或共掺、稀土氧化物复合、上转换光催化与稀土固熔体等手段改性锌基、铋基光催化剂.简单介绍了稀土在钨基等其他基质的应用及新型稀土化合物光催化剂的构筑.发现稀土改性可以影响非TiO2光催化剂的晶格结构能带能、拓宽光谱响应范围和提高量子效率,是提高其光催化活性的有效途径.还对稀土在未来光催化的应用做了分析.     

钇基稀土处理对E36铸坯夹杂物的影响

为了控制钢液中夹杂物的形态,确定稀土Y和Ce与O、S反应的先后顺序及稀土夹杂物的形成规律,对E36船板钢稀土变性夹杂进行了热力学计算和试验研究,运用扫描电镜及能谱仪观察分析了E36铸坯中典型夹杂物。实践结果表明:Ce与Y相比要优先与O、S反应;稀土夹杂物形成的顺序为Re2O3、Re2O2S、Re2S3;生成的稀土复合夹杂物尺寸以15、50μm为主,相比未加稀土的夹杂物减少了20~55μm,并且呈规则球状。稀土氧化物多位于铸坯上1/4,稀土硫氧化物多位于铸坯的1/2处;稀土能改善夹杂物的形态、尺寸,对改善钢的性能非常有利。     

稀土对硼铝硅酸盐玻璃形成及热膨胀性能的影响

探索了稀土掺杂Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃的形成区范围、稀土掺入量对玻璃形成区的影响,利用热膨胀的测试分析手段,分析了不同掺杂稀土氧化物对玻璃热膨胀性能的影响情况。结果表明:当稀土外掺含量逐渐增加时,玻璃形成区范围先扩大后缩小。稀土氧化物的引入可以有效的改善玻璃硼反常现象的发生,同时也有可能改变网络中间体氧化铝对玻璃网络的作用,即发生了从以网络外体为主变为以网络形成体为主的转变,玻璃的膨胀率降低。     

稀土变质高洁净轴承钢中夹杂物的行为分析

为了阐明稀土变质高洁净轴承钢中夹杂物的行为,进而优化轴承钢的稀土处理过程,通过向高洁净轴承钢中加入高纯稀土的方法,借助SEM和EDS等观察和分析手段,重点对不同稀土含量轴承钢中夹杂物类型和析出行为进行了表征和分析。结果表明,稀土能够变质高洁净轴承钢中的Al₂O₃和MnS而形成稀土夹杂物,RE-S-As-P夹杂物可以作为RE-O-S-As-P-C夹杂物的形核核心促进其析出。随稀土含量的增加,稀土元素与夹杂物的形成元素的结合序列依次为O、S、As、P和C,稀土夹杂物类型演化序列主要为RE₂O₃、RE₂O₂S、RES、RE-O-S-As、RE-S-As、RE-S-As-P、RE-O-S-As-P-C、RE-O-As-P-C、RE-O-P-C和RE-O-C。     

从精矿浓硫酸焙烧水浸液中沉淀晶型碳酸稀土

:用碳酸氢铵沉淀法从包头稀土精矿浓硫酸焙烧水浸液中直接制得晶型混合碳酸稀土。对其进行了化学分析以及红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析。新工艺较原碱法氯化稀土生产碳酸稀土工艺 ,每吨产品成本下降 2 0 0 0元 ,稀土收率提高 1 1 %以上 ,克服了原工艺产品放射性物质 Ra超标有碍出口的弊病 ,产品质量优于法国罗纳公司订货要求 ,年产 2 0 0 0吨碳酸稀土生产线投产几年来运行良好。     

硼酸焙烧氟碳铈精矿的物相变化及铈与非铈稀土的酸浸分离

物相组成为混合稀土氧化物和氟化物的氟碳铈精矿加硼酸焙烧后,发生了稀土物相的变化,铈成为难溶于酸的二氧化铈晶格,非铈稀土生成易溶于酸的硼酸镧晶格,扩大了欲分离的铈与非铈稀土之间的的性质差别。因而,从精矿分离铈与非铈稀土获得成功。借助于 x—衍射物相分析研究确定了精矿的稀土晶格结构,探讨了焙烧反应过程。其氟碳铈精矿与硼酸焙烧的主要反应为:〈1〉RxOy H_3BO_3CeO_2 LaBO_3 H_2O↑〈2〉RF_3 H_3BO_3 H_2OCeO_2 LaBO_3 HF↑     

用盐酸从矿泥中浸出稀土的动力学控制分析

某风化矿泥含稀土在2%～5%,且稀土以氧化物形式存在于矿泥中。用盐酸加热浸取可将稀土浸出,转化为氯化稀土,再用草酸沉淀回收稀土。分析了盐酸浸出稀土的条件和动力学,其速率常数k=(760+0.64×1/ro2)exp(-10500/RT),表观活化能为10.5kJ/mol,是一个典型的内扩散控制过程。温度越高,矿泥粒度越细,越有利于稀土的回收。     

稀土草酸盐的溶解度与稀土氧化物粒度之间的关系及粒度控制

通过稀土草酸盐溶液度与粒度的关系。探索控制稀土氧化物粒度的途径。实验测定了几种稀土草酸盐在草酸沉淀母液中的溶解度，并对不同草酸沉淀条件下获得的单一稀土氧化物的粒度进行比较。得到了其氧化物粒度与草酸盐溶解度之间的关系，通过对Y2O3，Eu2O3,Gd2O3,Dy2O3的粒度数据进行分析对照，提出了控制其粒度的途径。     

Abundances of chemical elements in granitoids of different geological ages and their characteristics in China

Actual granitoid analytical data of 767 composited samples are presented here. The data source is 6080 samples collected mainly from 750 large- to middle-sized granitoid bodies across China. Data from the composited samples, which includes that of 70 elements, is analyzed according to geological age - Archeozoic (Ar), Proterozoic (Pt), Eopaleozoic (Pz1), Neopaleozoic (Pz2), Mesozoic (Mz), and Cenozoic (Cz) - and three major compositional varieties, e.g. Alkali-feldspar granite, syenogranite and adamellite. Petrochemical parameters, trace-element content and rare-earth element (REE) distributions of the different rock types and geological ages are characterized, and change tendencies through Archean to Cenozoic time are recorded. The comprehensive analytical data presented here has not been previously published. This significant data set can be used as fundamental information in studies of basic China geology, magma petrogenesis, ore exploration and geochemistry.     

沉淀分离-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定稀土钨电极中镧铈钇

准确测定稀土钨电极中稀土元素的含量,对于研究产品理化性能、把控产品质量、推动产品性能升级等具有积极意义。实验采用3.0mL氢氟酸-2.0mL硝酸溶解样品,经高氯酸冒烟,将大部分基体以钨酸(H₂WO₄)形式析出,加快反应速度的同时避免了基体对稀土元素测定的干扰。选择La 333.7nm、Ce 418.6nm、Y 360.0nm为分析谱线,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定稀土钨电极中镧、铈、钇配分含量。校准曲线线性相关系数均大于0.999 9,方法检出限为0.003%～0.006%。按照实验方法测定稀土钨电极实际样品,结果的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=7)为1.5%～3.2%,加标回收率为98%～101%。     

Quantitative Analysis of Life Index of Electrothermal-Film Coated Ceramic Heating Elements with Rare-Earth Element Doped

For electrothermal-film heating elements for ceramics, the quantitative expression of the relation between the contents of multicomponent semiconductor dope and rare-earth element additive through the multivariate statistical regression analysis was presented, and the optimum control index of the multicomponent semiconductor dope and the rareearth element for the maximum life was also determined. The research shows that the life value ranging from 15 to 20 thousand hours can be ensured only if the evaluation grade of metal oxide dope in the compounding formula is controlled between grades 0.5 to 1.2. The relation of the content of multicomponent rare-earth element dope and the life index of electrothermal-film heating material for ceramics was determined theoretically.     

稀土在铜银合金导线生产中的应用

介绍了稀土银铜合金导线的生产工艺，重点介绍了稀土的添加方法和分析了稀土的作用。在铜熔体中加入微量稀土元素，稀土能对铜银合金熔体中的氧、硫有较强的脱除能力，使铜熔体得到净化。同时，稀土的加入还能减少铸造过程中铜银合金线杆的表面裂纹缺陷和细化晶粒。从而，使铜银合金导线的各种性能得到很大程度的改善和提高，即稀土的加入使铜银合金线杆的延伸率、抗拉强度、导电率均得到提高。     

Research on determination of the rare-earth content in metal phases of steel

The behavior of the rare-earth dissolved in a-Fe, of the iron-cerium intermetallic compounds and of the rare-earth inclusions in electrolytic separation process has been studied by means of counting measurements of radioactivity, the electron probe, and X-ray analysis. The experimental results show that the rare-earth sulfide and the rare-earth oxide are stable completely in the electrolytic separation process, when the composition of the electrolytic solution is 1 pct 4-methyl ammonium chloride, 5 pct triethanolamine, 5 pct glycerin, and 89 pct methyl alcohol, and the controlling anode current density is ≤100 mA/cm². But Fe-Ce intermetallic compounds and the rare-earth dissolved in a-Fe enter into electrolytic solution as ions. When the cerium ion concentration in electrolytic solution is >7.87 X 10^-5 mol/liter electrolyte, precipitates of cerium hydroxide will be formed. When the inclusions are separated quantitatively, the electrolytic solution must be filtered by using a funnel with filter paper pulp thick up to 6 mm, and not be filtered directly with single filter paper. Samples without rare-earth were remelted and a radioactive isotope¹⁴¹Ce was added to the steel. Inclusions were separated by the electrolytic method in the nonaqueous solution. The counting of 14lCe in the electrolytic solution was measured. Thus the rare-earth content in the metal phases can be calculated. Experimental results show that the rare-earth content in the metal phases increases with the total rare-earth content in steel. The rare-earth content in the metal phases of the steel was also found to increase as the aluminum content in steel was increased. This method for determining the rare-earth content in the metal phases of steel is very sensitive. The sensitivity is 10^-6 pct.     

Perspectives on Permanent Magnetic Materials for Energy Conversion and Power Generation

Permanent magnet development has historically been driven by the need to supply larger magnetic energy in ever smaller volumes for incorporation in an enormous variety of applications that include consumer products, transportation components, military hardware, and clean energy technologies such as wind turbine generators and hybrid vehicle regenerative motors. Since the 1960s, the so-called rare-earth “supermagnets,” composed of iron, cobalt, and rare-earth elements such as Nd, Pr, and Sm, have accounted for the majority of global sales of high-energy–product permanent magnets for advanced applications. In rare-earth magnets, the transition-metal components provide high magnetization, and the rare-earth components contribute a very large magnetocrystalline anisotropy that donates high resistance to demagnetization. However, at the end of 2009, geopolitical influences created a worldwide strategic shortage of rare-earth elements that may be addressed, among other actions, through the development of rare-earth-free magnetic materials harnessing sources of magnetic anisotropy other than that provided by the rare-earth components. Materials engineering at the micron scale, nanoscale, and Angstrom scales, accompanied by improvements in the understanding and characterization of nanoscale magnetic phenomena, is anticipated to result in new types of permanent magnetic materials with superior performance.     

湘西北黑色岩系中钒镍钼矿床地球化学特征研究

通过对湘西下寒武统黑色岩系中的钒镍钼矿床的地质特征、矿石的微量元素地球化学特征、稀土元素的地球化学特征、稳定同位素地球化学特征等研究,认为赋矿地层为下寒武统木昌组。钒、镍、钼矿床的成矿物质来源为多源,稀土元素的分布和硫同位素的组成表明湘西下寒武统黑色岩形成于缺氧的陆架边缘浅海环境,海底热液活动为其提供了丰富的物质来源。     

稀土添加剂对硬质合金中钴粘结相马氏体相变的抑制作用

通过加稀土与不加稀土元素硬质合金性能的对比研究表明,硬质合金中加入适量的稀土元素后,横向断裂强度明显提高。经X射线定量分析,稀土添加剂可较大幅度地抑制合金中钴相的马氏体相变,使更多的面心立方结构钴保留下来。研究认为,这是稀土强化硬质合金的一个原因。     

燕山地区含金花岗岩岩石地球化学特征

燕山地区含矿花岗岩大多数分布于燕山沉降带，并以小岩株产出．其特点是具有偏低的镁铁质含量，分并指数接近91．26，拉森指数接近25．65，全碱值为9．36％．属中等酸碱度和分异程度的花岗岩．具有较高的Li2O含量和较低的矿化金属元素含量．稀土总量偏低，轻重稀土比值较小，铕亏损不明显．