基于振型贡献系数的空间结构振动反应研究

高阶振型对结构振动反应影响的大小与结构的类型直接相关,现有研究对象主要为高层建筑或大跨度桥梁,而针对大跨度空间结构高阶反应的研究,特别是基于振型贡献系数研究高阶反应相关参数的规律变化,目前还很少.本文以刚性大跨度单层扁网壳结构为研究对象,分析比较反应大小不同的振型贡献系数及其累积趋势变化.提出结构特征点刚度比参数ρ的概念,并同时采用结构矢跨比f和特征点刚度比ρ两个参数表征单层网壳的刚度特性,研究不同f和ρ对高阶振型贡献系数的影响;采用典型硬土场地地面运动的加速度设计谱表征地震激励,对比分析不同ρ和f对高阶振型加速度谱坐标的影响.基于振型贡献系数和加速度反应的变化规律比较结果,总结出单层扁网壳振型反应的分布特征和显著程度,提出了判断单层网壳结构振型反应绝对贡献大小以及高阶振型在弹性地震设计反应谱上的卓越周期区域的方法.本文关于高阶振型反应规律的研究成果,也适用于其他类型刚性空间结构的地震反应分析.     

某复杂超限高层结构抗震计算与分析

应用SAP2000软件对某典型超限高层建筑结构进行结构抗震计算与分析,得到了结构的自振特性以及结构在各个方向的主振型;用振型分解反应谱法对结构进行了分析,得到各层间位移,并对结构进行抗震变形验算;对结构进行了在三条地震波下弹性时程分析的补充计算,并与反应谱分析结果进行了对比;根据计算分析结果以及现行有关规范,对该结构进行了超限评估,并提出了具体结论。     

隔震结构振型分解反应谱计算方法研究

隔震结构采用分离式计算方法进行结构设计,由于使用统一的减震系数,部分楼层剪力调整偏大。采用振型分解反应谱法,将隔震层和上部结构作为整体结构进行分析可有效解决这一问题。然而隔震层的阻尼与上部结构显著不同,隔震结构是一个不同阻尼的组合体。采用振型分解反应谱法进行结构整体分析时,计算隔震结构的振型阻尼比,是计算地震作用的关键。采用能量法,推导出隔震结构振型阻尼比的计算公式,并对其进行简化。结合GB 50011-2010《建筑结构抗震规范》反应谱,给出了适用于隔震结构整体模型的振型分解反应谱地震作用计算方法。对一栋16层隔震框架结构地震作用分析表明,按振型分解反应谱法计算得到的结构基底剪力与时程分析的结果基本相符。     

非比例阻尼线性体系地震响应的部分平方组合(CPQC)法

对于非比例阻尼线性系统,当采用基于复振型的地震反应谱振型叠加方法,即复振型完全平方组合(CCQC)方法进行动力反应分析时计算工作量较大。为此,通过分析不同振型之间的位移、速度、位移-速度相关系数随频率比和阻尼比的变化规律,给出了复振型平方和开方(CSRSS)组合方法的适用范围。同时通过分析指出在CCQC法中只需要考虑邻近振型的相关性,因此建议了一种介于CCQC法和CSRSS法之间的考虑部分相关性的复振型平方组合方法,称之为简化的CCQC法或复振型部分平方组合(CPQC)方法,用以提高计算效率。通过实例分析验证了所建议方法的适用范围、计算精度和效率。由于比例阻尼系统的地震反应谱振型组合方法是文中所述一般方法的特殊情况,因此本文提出的简化分析方法对比例阻尼系统也同样是适用的,并可以称为部分平方组合(PQC)方法。     

大跨度斜拉桥地震反应谱分析中计算振型数研究

《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》规定:进行多振型反应谱分析时,所考虑的振型数应在计算方向上获得90％以上的有效质量.为了研究这条规定在大跨度斜拉桥中的适用性,在介绍推导振型参与系数、振型参与质量系数和振型贡献系数的表达式并比较物理意义的基础上,建立了苏通大桥模型,对上述三个物理量在振型中的分布规律进行了对比分析,同时,根据不同...     

非线性静力分析MMPA方法的准确性评估

MMPA方法是将按类似弹性振型组合方法对各阶振型侧力模式下pushover分析计算结果进行耦合,按得到结构的弹塑性地震响应的一种非线性静力分析方法。该方法考虑了高阶振型对于高层结构的地震反应的影响。本文分别对两栋不同结构形式的规则高层结构进行了均匀侧力分布,第1振型水平侧力分布和MMPA方法的静力非线性分析。通过与弹塑性动力时程响应分析结果的比较分析,对MMPA方法计算高层建筑结构的准确性进行了评估。     

基于振型遴选与振型构造的空间网格结构动力分析方法

分析总结了传统振型叠加方法应用于空间网格结构动力反应分析难以适用的原因,结合结构固有振型与高效动力分析的LDR振型,提出一种基于振型遴选与振型构造的动力反应分析算法。采用Matlab进行编程,并对两个典型空间网格结构进行数值模拟分析。通过数值结果比较,验证该方法的正确性、有效性及其计算效率。     

钢结构电视塔风振反应的高振型影响

本文研究了钢结构电视塔在风荷载作用下的顺风向响应。基于振型迭加法，计算了钢塔在各个振型上的时程反应，分析了各振型对结构总反应的影响。     

雕塑类大型复杂组合结构抗震性能研究

泉州郑成功雕塑为复杂组合空间结构,其动力性能复杂.本文对其抗震性能进行详细研究,包括:结构自振特性分析、反应谱分析、时程分析、非一致激励分析等.研究结果表明,郑成功雕塑结构振型复杂,以水平振型为主,高阶振型间存在耦合效应.扭转耦连效应在复杂异形结构中比较重要,进行地震作用的反应谱分析时,建议采用CQC算法,并应考虑双向地震波输入和高阶振型影响.对于复杂组合空间结构,时程分析与反应谱分析结果的差异分布具有不确定性,在结构采用反应谱法设计完成后,应进行时程分析校核.郑成功雕塑的抗震性能良好,非一致激励影响可以忽略.本文研究方法和结果可对同类大型复杂组合结构的抗震性能研究提供参考.     

结构振型对Pushover水平侧向力分布影响的研究

从多自由度体系的地震反应分析出发,分析了结构振型对结构地震惯性力的贡献,提出了3个基于多自由度体系振型的侧向力分布计算方法:30%规则、SRSS规则和实际地震加速度谱方法。利用传统的侧向力分布和本文提出的基于振型的侧向力分布,分别对2个不同高度的框架结构(4层和12层)进行Pushover分析,得到了结构的推覆曲线、楼层侧移曲线、层间侧移角曲线以及塑性铰分布情况,并与时程分析结果进行了比较。结果表明,本文方法得到的结果是有效的,其推覆分析结果与时程分析结果吻合较好。     

A consecutive modal pushover procedure for nonlinear static analysis of one-way unsymmetric-plan tall building structures

Seismic responses of unsymmetric-plan tall buildings are substantially influenced by the effects of higher modes and torsion. Considering these effects, in this article, the consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure is extended to estimate the seismic demands of one-way unsymmetric-plan tall buildings. The procedure uses multi-stage and classical single-stage pushover analyses and benefits from the elastic modal properties of the structure. Both lateral forces and torsional moments obtained from modal analysis are used in the multi-stage pushover analysis. The seismic demands are obtained by enveloping the peak inelastic responses resulting from the multi-stage and single-stage pushover analyses. To verify and appraise the procedure, it is applied to the 10, 15, and 20-storey one-way unsymmetric-plan buildings including systems with different degrees of coupling between the lateral displacements and torsional rotations, i.e. torsionally-stiff (TS), torsionally-similarly-stiff (TSS) and torsionally-flexible (TF) systems. The modal pushover analysis (MPA) procedure is implemented for the purpose of comparison as well. The results from the approximate pushover procedures are compared with the results obtained by the nonlinear response history analysis (NL-RHA). It is demonstrated that the CMP procedure is able to take into account the higher mode influences as well as amplification or de-amplification of seismic displacements at the flexible and stiff edges of unsymmetric-plan tall buildings. The extended procedure can predict to a reasonable accuracy the peak inelastic responses, such as displacements and storey drifts. The CMP procedure represents an important improvement in estimating the plastic rotations of hinges at both flexible and stiff sides of unsymmetric-plan tall buildings in comparison with the MPA procedure.     

A new pushover procedure for two‐way asymmetric‐plan tall buildings under bidirectional earthquakes

Conventional pushover analyses despite of extensive applications are unable to estimate the general responses of asymmetric‐plan tall buildings because of ignoring the effects of higher modes and torsion. A consecutive modal pushover procedure is one of the recent nonlinear static pushover procedures that used to analyse the seismic response of one‐way asymmetric‐plan tall buildings under one‐directional seismic ground motions. In this paper, a modified consecutive modal pushover procedure (MCMP) has been proposed to estimate the seismic demands of two‐way asymmetric‐plan tall buildings under two horizontal components of earthquakes simultaneously. The accuracy of the MCMP procedure is evaluated using different buildings and comparing with the results of FEMA (Federal Emergency Management Agency) procedures, the practical modal pushover procedure and nonlinear time history analyses as an exact solution. The results show the proposed MCMP procedure is able to estimate the displacements and storey drifts accurately and introduces a great improvement in predicting the plastic hinge rotations. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A consecutive modal pushover procedure for estimating the seismic demands of tall buildings

The nonlinear static procedure (NSP), based on pushover analysis, has become a favourite tool for use in practical applications for building evaluation and design verification. The NSP is, however, restricted to single-mode response. It is therefore valid for low-rise buildings where the behaviour is dominated by the fundamental vibration mode. It is well recognized that the seismic demands derived from the conventional NSP are greatly underestimated in the upper storeys of tall buildings, in which higher-mode contributions to the response are important. This paper presents a new pushover procedure which can take into account higher-mode effects. The procedure, which has been named the consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure, utilizes multi-stage and single-stage pushover analyses. The final structural responses are determined by enveloping the results of multi-stage and single-stage pushover analyses. The procedure is applied to four special steel moment-resisting frames with different heights. A comparison between estimates from the CMP procedure and the exact values obtained by nonlinear response history analysis (NL-RHA), as well as predictions from modal pushover analysis (MPA), has been carried out. It is demonstrated that the CMP procedure is able to effectively overcome the limitations of traditional pushover analysis, and to accurately predict the seismic demands of tall buildings.     

Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures for seismic evaluation of BRBF buildings

Nonlinear static procedures (NSPs) are now standard in engineering practice to estimate seismic demands in the design and evaluation of buildings. This paper aims to investigate comparatively the bias and accuracy of modal, improved modal pushover analysis (MPA, IMPA) and mass proportional pushover (MPP) procedures when they are applied to buckling-restrained braced frame (BRBF) buildings which have become a favorable lateral-force resisting system for earthquake resistant buildings. Three-, 6-, 10-, and 14-storey concentrically BRBF buildings were analyzed due to two sets of strong ground motions having 2% and 10% probability of being exceeded in 50 years. The assessment is based on comparing seismic displacement demands such as target roof displacements, peak floor/roof displacements and inter-storey drifts. The NSP estimates are compared to results from nonlinear response history analysis (NL-RHA). The response statistics presented show that the MPP procedure tends to inaccurately estimate seismic demands of lower stories of tall buildings considered in this study while MPA and IMPA procedures provide reasonably accurate results in estimating maximum inter-storey drift over all stories of studied BRBF systems.     

Effect of vertical structural irregularity on seismic design of tall buildings

Many tall buildings are practically irregular as an entirely regular high‐rise building rarely exists. This study is thus devoted to assessing the approach and coefficients used in the seismic design of real‐life tall buildings with different vertical irregularity features. Five 50‐story buildings are selected and designed using finite element models and international building codes to represent the most common vertical irregularities of reinforced concrete tall buildings in regions of medium seismicity. Detailed fiber‐based simulation models are developed to assess the seismic response of the five benchmark buildings under the effect of 40 earthquake records representing far‐field and near‐source seismic scenarios. The results obtained from a large number of inelastic pushover and incremental dynamic analyses provide insights into the local and global seismic response of the reference structures and confirm the inferior local response of tall buildings with severe vertical irregularities. Due to the significant impacts of the severe irregularity types on the seismic response of tall buildings, the conservative code approach and coefficients are recommended for design. It is also concluded that although the design coefficients of buildings with moderate irregularities are adequately conservative, they can be revised to arrive at more consistent safety margins and cost‐effective designs.     

Assessment of modified consecutive modal pushover analysis for estimating the seismic demands of tall buildings with dual system considering steel concentrically braced frames

According to the previous researches, conventional nonlinear static procedure (NSP), which is limited to single mode response, cannot predict the seismic demands of tall buildings with reliable accuracy. To estimate the seismic demands in upper stories for tall buildings the effects of higher modes should be included. In the recent years, developing traditional pushover analysis to consider the effects of higher modes conducted researchers to propose several methods, such as N2, MPA and MMPA procedures, that have a specific approach to estimate seismic demands of structures but the accuracy of them is doubtable for estimating of hinge plastic rotations. Recently consecutive modal pushover (CMP) procedure was proposed to consider the effects of higher modes with acceptable accuracy especially in prediction of hinge plastic rotations. The CMP procedure was limited to include two or three modes, and use of higher modes might cause some inaccuracy at results of upper stories. In CMP procedure, estimation of modal participating factors is important and choosing inadequate modes may cause large errors. In this paper some changes have been applied to the CMP procedure to improve accuracy of the results and the modified method is proposed and named modified consecutive modal pushover (MCMP) procedure. In this modified method the contribution of mode is used of effective modal participating mass ratio. The comparison of MCMP procedure to exact values derived by nonlinear response history analysis (NL-RHA) demonstrated the reliable predictions and it can overcome the limitations of traditional pushover analysis.     

高层建筑地震反应的优化阻尼器控制

本文对高层建筑地震反应进行优化阻尼器控制研究。文中首先简述了阻尼器控制的原理，提出了便于实际应用的阻尼筒控制系统。由于阻尼控制器的显著阻尼水平，使得建筑具有非经典阻尼分布，因而采用复模态方法进行模态分析，研究了阻尼控制器的参数及其在建筑上的安装位置对建筑复模态的影响。在地震反应分析中，提出了子空间复模态时程分析方法，有效地改善了复模态方法在非经典阻尼结构地震反应分析中的应用。对阻尼器的阻尼参数进行了优化分析，并对一个８层建筑的地震反应施加阻尼器控制，结果表明，优化阻尼器控制显著地降低了建筑的地震反应。     

华润大厦超限高层的抗震性能化设计

《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》(JGJ 3—2010)新增加了第3.11节:结构抗震性能设计,使高层的抗震设防目标有了更进一步的深化和发展。以南宁华润大厦超限高层为工程实例,采用基于性能设计的抗震分析方法,细化了各构件在各阶段的抗震性能目标。采用多种有限元分析软件,针对超限高层详细进行了小震振型反应谱分析、中震作用下的屈服判别法分析、大震作用下的弹塑性静力推覆分析、跨多层通高柱的屈曲分析,并基于分析结果提出了该工程结构的超限抗震加强措施,保证了超限结构的安全可靠,为同类工程设计提供借鉴。     

Improved multimode pushover procedure for asymmetric in plan buildings under biaxial seismic excitation—application to tall buildings

An improved version of a recently developed multimode pushover procedure for asymmetric in plan buildings under biaxial seismic excitation is presented and evaluated. The proposed methodology is quite similar to the well‐known modal pushover analysis. However, the establishment of the equivalent single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems is based on a new concept, which takes into account multidirectional seismic effects. The proposed methodology does not require independent analysis in the two orthogonal directions, and therefore, the application of simplified directional combination rules is avoided. The improvement presented here consists in definition of correction factors to be applied to the response values at the stiff side of buildings. An extensive evaluation study comprising applications to tall buildings is presented. The response parameters obtained from the proposed methodology in most cases envelope the values resulting from nonlinear dynamic analysis (NDA). Furthermore, the mean errors with regard to the NDA results are smaller than those obtained from a multimode pushover procedure comprising independent analysis along two horizontal axes and directional combination of the results. In general, the proposed methodology provides a reasonable estimation of the seismic performance of asymmetric buildings.     

Variability of seismic demands according to different sets of earthquake ground motions

It is a challenging task to predict seismic demands for earthquake resistant design, particularly for tall buildings. In current seismic design provisions, seismic demands are expressed as a design base shear of which the key components are linear elastic design response spectra, force reduction factor (‘R factor’), and building weight. For tall buildings, response spectrum analysis or response history analysis is recommended in current design provisions. In recent years, new methods for predicting seismic demands have been developed, such as the capacity spectrum method (CSM) and displacement coefficient method. This study investigates the effect of different earthquake ground motion (EQGM) sets on seismic demands. Key components of the base shear and performance points in the CSM are considered as the seismic demands to be tested. For this purpose three EQGM sets are collected independently at rock sites. This study found that seismic demands can vary significantly according to different EQGM sets even though those sets were obtained at sites with similar soil conditions. This study also attempts to provide a criterion for reducing the variability in seismic demands according to different EQGM sets. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.