42CrMo钢齿轮轴断裂原因分析

采用化学成分分析、断口分析、金相检验和力学性能测试等方法,对42CrMo钢齿轮轴断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:由于齿轮轴制造过程中的热处理工艺或方法不当,导致齿轮轴的力学性能偏低,在使用过程中发生了疲劳断裂。     

稀土对42CrMo钢等离子体氮碳共渗表层组织的影响

对42CrMo钢在不同温度和时间下进行有、无稀土添加的脉冲等离子体氮碳共渗的工艺进行研究。通过金相检验和XRD分析,归纳出稀土对等离子体氮碳共渗的影响。结果表明：稀土的添加改善了渗层的显微组织,并降低了渗氮初期的化合物层厚度;使渗层的e相含量降低,γ＇相含量增加;并且使表面氮含量提高。     

42CrMo钢三棱螺旋钻杆接头断裂原因分析

某42CrMo钢三棱螺旋钻杆接头在进行煤层钻采过程中发生断裂。采用宏观观查、化学成分分析、力学性能测试、硬度测试、金相检验、应力分布有限元模拟等方法对钻杆接头断裂的原因进行了分析。结果表明:该42CrMo钢三棱螺旋钻杆热处理时因回火温度过低,使其硬度偏高,造成冲击吸收能量偏低,韧性较差,在扭转、弯曲等交变载荷作用下,于螺纹牙底的应力集中处发生早期疲劳断裂。     

调质42CrMo钢的弯曲微动疲劳实验研究

针对循环软化材料调质42CrMo钢进行了常规弯曲疲劳实验和弯曲微动疲劳实验,分析了常规弯曲疲劳和弯曲微动疲劳之间的差异,并讨论了循环弯曲载荷对疲劳寿命的影响。通过分析不同弯曲载荷下弯曲微动疲劳试样断口的形貌和不同循环次数下微动损伤的情况,揭示调质42CrMo钢弯曲微动疲劳过程中的损伤特性。研究结果表明：同一循环载荷作用下,弯曲微动疲劳的寿命明显低于常规弯曲疲劳的寿命;随着循环弯曲载荷的增大,弯曲微动疲劳的寿命降低更明显;微动引起的局部接触疲劳和局部塑形变形促进了弯曲微动疲劳裂纹的萌生和进一步扩展。     

电压对镁合金微弧氧化膜组织及耐蚀性的影响

由于镁合金耐蚀性差,其应用受到了限制.采用 SEM-EDS,XRD等表面分析技术研究了不同电压对MB5镁合金微弧氧化膜表面形貌、相结构与成分的影响,并用电化学测试方法考察了氧化膜层的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:处理电压对微弧氧化膜层的微观组织结构、成分有显著影响,而微弧氧化膜层的微观组织结构与成分又直接影响其耐蚀性.在120～200 V下进行微弧氧化,160 V时试样耐蚀性最好.镁合金微弧氧化膜由α-MgF2,MgO,Mg2SiO4和MgAl2O4等含硅或铝的尖晶石型氧化物组成,随着氧化处理电压的增加,MgO的含量明显增加.微弧氧化时出现氧化膜微区熔化,溶液离子与基体合金都参与了微弧区物理化学反应.     

退火42CrMo钢的棘轮-疲劳交互作用及其失效模型

在室温下,对退火42CrMo钢的单轴棘轮行为以及棘轮-疲劳交互作用进行了系统的实验研究。结果表明:非对称应力循环下产生的棘轮变形会缩短材料的疲劳寿命,材料在非对称应力循环下的低周疲劳寿命受到平均应力、应力幅值、最大应力和应力比等多种因素的影响。在对实验结果分析与讨论基础上,针对棘轮-疲劳交互作用,提出了一个基于最大应力和应力比的、简单而合理的疲劳失效寿命估算公式。该模型考虑了棘轮变形对疲劳寿命的影响。与实验结果的对比表明:该公式能较好的估算各种非对称应力循环下的低周疲劳寿命,所有计算结果均在2倍分散带内。     

表面氧化及离子注氮对NiTi形状记忆合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用电化学测试的方法，研究了表面氧化以及表面氧化-离子注氮两种表面改性方式对NiTi形状记忆合金在人体生理模拟液(Hank′s溶液)中腐蚀行为的影响。腐蚀电位和极化曲线的测量结果表明表面氧化-离子注氮的方法使NiTi合金材料的腐蚀电位正移。雏钝电流密度下降，钝化电位区间扩大，合金表面耐蚀性明显提高。尤其是NiTi合金在进行氮离子注入后，测得击穿电位显著上升．增强了表面膜的抗局部腐蚀能力。因而表面氧化-离子注氮的改性方法可使材料的耐蚀性达到最佳。通过XPS的分析发现，离子注氮后合金表面形成氮化钛相以及富含羟基的化学效应，使NiTi基体的电化学性能得到提高。     

Cu2+对铝阳极氧化膜电解着色效果及耐蚀性的影响

1 前言 铝合金两步阳极氧化着色法(浅田法)已在机械、电子、建筑、航空领域得到广泛应用.在生产中,着色液特别容易受到Cu2+的污染,使着色效果发生变化,降低膜的耐蚀性,严重影响产品质量.本文以Ni2+盐电解液为着色体系,研究了Cu2+对着色效果及膜层耐蚀性的影响,并对Cu2+的影响原因作了初步探讨.     

Effect of Different Surface Treatment Methods on the Friction and Wear Behavior of AISI 4140 Steel

In this study,the effects of various surface treatments on the friction and wear behavior of AISI 4140 steel have been evaluated.Sample surfaces of AISI 4140 steel were treated by quenching,carburizing,boronizing and plasma transferred arc (PTA) modification.The microstructural characteristics of surface treated steel samples were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The mechanical properties of the samples including the surface roughness,microhardness,and abrasive and adhesive wear characteristics were also evaluated.Wear tests were applied by using a block-on-disc configuration under dry sliding conditions.The wear behavior and friction characteristics of the samples were determined as a function of sliding distance.Each sample group was compared with the other sample groups,and it was observed that the carburized samples demonstrated the lowest weight losses;however,PTA-treated samples demonstrated the lowest coefficient of friction in comparison to the other sample groups at the same sliding distance.     

丙烷浓度对45钢离子碳氮共渗的影响

首次以丙烷作为供碳剂对45钢进行离子碳氮共渗。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计研究了丙烷浓度对试样截面形貌、物相组成和表面硬度的影响。结果表明:随丙烷浓度的增加,化合物层厚度和表面硬度均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当丙烷浓度为1.5%时,510℃离子碳氮共渗4h后,化合物层厚度和表面硬度分别达到最大值40μm和779HV0.05,同时得到以ε相为主,并伴有极少量渗碳体的最优物相组成。当丙烷浓度超过1.5%时,化合物层厚度和表面硬度均下降,这是由于渗碳体相含量随丙烷的增加而增加,并当丙烷浓度为2.5%时渗碳体成为主要物相,从而阻碍了C、N原子向基体内的进一步扩渗。     

氮势对奥氏体不锈钢离子渗氮性能的影响

对AIS1304奥氏体不锈钢进行了不同氮势的离子渗氮,利用金相显微镜、轮廓仪、摩擦磨损试验机、X射线衍射仪和显微硬度计测试了经渗氮处理后试样改性层的截面形貌、微观结构、相组成和力学性能,并与未渗氮的试样进行了比较。结果表明：随着氮势的增加,试样表面的渗层深度、磨损程度、显微硬度呈规律性变化;X射线衍射分析表明：低氮势容易形成S相,高氮势有利于氮化物的形成。     

Axial fatigue of a gas-nitrided quenched and tempered AISI 4140 steel: effect of nitriding depth

Fatigue testing under fully reversed axial loading (R=?1) and zero‐to‐tension axial loading (R= 0) was carried out on AISI 4140 gas‐nitrided smooth specimens. Three different treatment durations were investigated in order to assess the effect of nitriding depth on fatigue strength in high cycle fatigue. Complete specimens characterization, i.e., hardness and residual stresses profiles (including measurement of stabilized residual stresses) as well as metallographic and fractographic observations, was achieved to analyse fatigue behaviour. Fatigue of the nitrided steel is a competition between a surface crack growing in a compressive residual stress field and an internal crack or ‘fish‐eye’ crack growing in vacuum. Fatigue life increases with nitriding depth until surface cracking is slow enough for failure to occur from an internal crack. Unlike bending, in axial fatigue ‘fish‐eye’ cracks can initiate anywhere in the core volume under uniform stress. In these conditions, axial fatigue performance is lower than that obtained under bending and nitriding depth may have no more influence. In order to interpret the results, special attention was given to the effects of compressive residual stresses on the surface short crack growth (closure effect) as well as the effects of internal defect size on internal fatigue lives. A superimposed tensile mean stress reduces the internal fatigue strength of nitrided steel more than the surface fatigue strength of the base metal. Both cracking mechanisms are not equally sensitive to mean stress.     

Simulations of Coarsening Behavior for M23C6 Carbides in AISI H13 Steel

Based on the local equilibrium assumption, coarsening behavior of M23C6 carbide at 700℃ in H13 steel was simulated by DICTRA software. The results from the calculations were compared with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The results show the interfacial energy for M23C6 in H13 steel at 700℃ is thus probably 0.7 J·m-2, which fits the experiments well. The influence of composition and temperature on the coarsening rate was also investigated by simulations. Simulations show a decrease in the coarsening rate when V/Mo ratio is increased, while the coarsening rate increases with increasing temperature.     

深冷处理对AISI 310S不锈钢耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响

研究了深冷处理对AISI 310S不锈钢在3.5%(质量分数)Na Cl溶液中耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响,将310S不锈钢在-196℃进行保温深冷处理,结果表明:相对未深冷处理,深冷处理之后,材料的晶粒得到细化,更多碳化物弥散析出基体;深冷处理之后材料的耐腐蚀性能得到提高,在深冷处理4 h时达到最佳值,相比未深冷处理,自腐蚀电位从-0.525 V提高到-0.423 V,提升了19.4%;且深冷处理之后,材料的耐腐蚀磨损性能得到提升,经过深冷处理4 h,材料的磨损率从120×10-6mm3/Nm降低到63×10-6mm3/Nm,降低90%。     

强流脉冲电子束对4Cr13不锈钢的表面改性

为了改善4Cr13不锈钢的表面强度和耐磨性,对其进行了强流脉冲电子束表面辐照处理,研究了该处理对4Cr13的形貌、相结构、显微硬度及耐磨性能的影响。结果表明：电子束处理后,不锈钢表面出现多种形态的熔坑,20次脉冲处理时熔坑边缘出现了大量的变形孪晶;脉冲电子柬处理使不锈钢发生了由α相向γ相的转变,表层晶粒细化至纳米尺度;...     

Effect of treating atmosphere in plasma post-oxidation of nitrocarburized AISI 5115 steel

In this study quenched and tempered AISI 5115 steel was plasma-nitrided and nitrocarburized at 550 °C for 5 h in atmospheres of 80% N₂ balanced with various amounts of CO₂ and H₂ gases. The amount of CO₂ varied from 0 to 10 vol%. The highest amount of ε phases was formed in the compound layer after treating in atmosphere containing 7 vol% CO₂. Optimized compound layer was post-oxidized for 1 h at 450 °C under O₂/H₂ volume ratios of 1/1 and 3/1 as well as 100% oxygen. The treated samples were characterized using metallographic techniques, XRD, SEM, roughness measurement and potentiodynamic methods. The results showed that the growth rate of the oxide layer increased with increasing O₂ in the oxidizing gas mixture. X-ray diffraction analysis of oxidized layers confirmed the formation of highest amount of magnetite at post-oxidation in an atmosphere with the O₂/H₂ volume ratio of 1/1. Electrochemical polarization tests proved the enhancement of corrosion resistance by plasma post-oxidation and the highest corrosion resistance obtained after oxidizing under an O₂/H₂ volume ratio of 1/1.     

空气中大气压下低温等离子体对聚四氟乙烯进行表面改性的研究

建立了空气中产生大气压下辉光放电 (APGD)和介质阻挡放电 (DBD)的装置 ,通过放电的电气特性和发光特性测量 ,界定了APGD和DBD的放电特点。研究了空气中APGD和DBD对聚四氟乙烯 (PTFE)表面进行改性的效果 ,用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)观察、接触角测量和X射线光电子能谱分析 (XPS)等手段 ,研究APGD和DBD处理后PTFE的表面特性 ,并解释了两种放电形式处理效果不同的原因。结果表明 :APGD的处理效果要优于DBD ,即APGD可以对PTFE表面进行均匀处理 ,在其表面引入更多的O元素 ,使其接触角下降到更低值。     

T10钢的脉冲爆炸-等离子体表面改性

为了提高T10钢的耐磨性和表面硬度,通过脉冲爆炸-等离子体(PDP)对T10钢进行表面改性,使用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析PDP处理前后T10钢的组织形貌,使用X射线衍射仪分析PDP处理后的试样的结构变化,使用显微维氏硬度计检测试样PDP处理前后的显微硬度,使用磨损试验机检测PDP处理前后的耐磨性能,使用电化学工作站检测试样PDP处理前后的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:PDP处理T10钢后,在材料表层形成了外层为柱状区、内层为组织细化区双层结构的改性层,厚度约为70.71μm,显微硬度约为PDP处理前的2倍,磨损质量损失较基体减少,磨痕宽度明显减小; PDP处理前后T10钢自腐蚀电位无明显变化; PDP处理过程中试样快速加热、快速冷却且空气中N₂参与,使改性层有残余奥氏体出现,并生成新相Fe₃N,从而提高了T10钢的硬度和耐磨性; PDP前后试样耐蚀性变化不大。