Next generation satellite systems for aeronautical communications

U.S. airspace is reaching its capacity with the current air traffic control (ATC) system. The number of flights is constantly rising and it is estimated to be over 58 million per year by 2005. The FAA has undertaken several projects to modernize the National Airspace System (NAS) to ensure the safety of the increasing number of flights. Of special importance is the modernization of the air–ground communications infrastructure, which is the heart of the ATC. The current plan in the modernization of the air–ground communications is to migrate from analog voice only system to integrated digital voice and data system. The next generation satellite systems can be an alternative to the terrestrial air–ground systems by their low propagation and transmission delays, global coverage, high capacity and free flight suitable characteristics. In this paper, we give an overview of the current and the future ATC architectures, describe the systems and the communications issues in these systems and develop a framework in which next generation satellite systems can be integrated to the future ATC systems. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

At the crossroads in air-traffic control III. View from the cockpit?reactions of some pilots, automatic flight management, flight-control systems, airborne CAS, `moving map' displays, `three-dimensional' area navigation, and others

Control of air traffic from the ground is only half the story?the airborne electronic equipment, displays, instrumentation, and human response are necessary to complete the loop in any practicable system. A few versions of collision-avoidance systems are entirely under airborne control. Based upon experience, pilots are wary of the hazards at certain major airports; in approaching other terminals, however, they have a sense of confidence that is inspired by the existence of the latest ATC equipment and facilities that afford a high degree of safety to pilots, passengers, and aircraft.     

红外目标探测器的特征及其军用前景

论述了中波和长波红外探测器的特征及装备前景;机载前视红外（ＦＬＩＲ）成像系统用于地面目标探测和机载红外搜索跟踪（ＩＲＳＴ）系统用于空中目标探测的前景。     

The Role of the Airborne Traffic Situation Display in Future ATC Systems

The historical evolution and current status of the airborne traffic situation display concept is presented as well as a survey of related technological developments in collision-avoidance systems, area navigation equipment, and data links. Two alternative ATSD systems configurations are discussed: one deriving aircraft positions from ATC surveillance, the other deriving aircraft positions from air-to-air data exchanges. Based on the results of a Massachusetts Institute of Technology simulation study of airborne traffic situation display capabilities, a review of the many possible applications of the device is presented. Significant benefits in greater system capacity, greater safety, and an overall improvement in operational efficiency are predicted. A reduction in ATC capital and operating costs appears to be realizable if the ATSD is accepted as an integral element in future ATC system designs. Finally, the airborne computer-display capability required for the ATSD provides a fresh opportunity to combine, enhance, and integrate many of the cockpit functions that are now carried out by a proliferation of separate devices.     

Tracking weather's flight path

Prototypes of systems for helping pilots and air traffic controllers cope better with untoward weather are jockeying for a place aboard critical test flights and in air traffic control and dispatch facilities on the ground. The prototypes are the products of a burst of research in technologies for detecting turbulence in all its varieties, predicting the persistence of fog, and giving pilots a clear picture of the weather ahead. They, along with systems tested last winter for detecting and predicting aircraft icing, will begin impacting commercial flights soon, although few will come into wide use before mid-decade. But all will make flying safer-and a lot more comfortable. Some 30 percent of commercial aircraft accidents have weather as a contributing factor, according to a NASA planning group. The paper discusses turbulence and its detection, the high hopes for LIDAR, tackling the problem of wakes, detection of rain, and icing factors     

At the crossroads in air-traffic control I. The view from the ground?the congested airports; the Common IFR Room; present and future automated systems; plans of the FAA; problems of the air-traffic controllers

The ever-increasing volume of aircraft operations of all types (commercial, private, and military) is taxing present terminal and en route control systems and equipment?and air-traffic controllers?to the outer limits of their respective handling capacities and endurance. Thus the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has been obliged to formulate detailed plans to meet the challenge of phenomenal aviation growth forecast for the decade of the '70s, and beyond. For the initial ten-year time slot, the FAA has proposed many system improvements that could be provided by annual appropriations of $250 million for facilities and equipment, and $60 million for R&D. For example, en route and air-terminal automation expanded radar service and coverage, increased federal assistance to airports, and improved navigation and landing aids are some elements now in the planning stage to ensure greater airborne safety, to increase traffic-handling capabilities, and to promote more efficient service for the air passenger. This first installment deals with the ground-control systems that will eventually form an integrated and automated network in the 48 contiguous states of the U.S.     

面向“互联网+”的民机数据链系统发展趋势

未来的飞机是空地数据网络中的一个节点。数据链基于多种传输链路,构建网络化的生态系统,为飞机、空管部门、航空公司提供丰富的航迹、气象、放行等数据,提高飞行安全和效率。在总结国外数据链发展规划和路线的基础上,介绍了国内数据链发展规划及路线,针对未来数据链在民机上的应用提出了一种未来民机机载数据链系统架构,分析了数据链地面网络的发展趋势,展望了数据链在下一代空管系统中的应用。     

Aircraft interface with the future ATC system

The authors outline how the advantages of improved navigational accuracy can benefit both the individual aircraft and the air transportation system despite a mixed environment. The development of advanced navigation, flight planning, performance optimization, automatic guidance, and other capabilities in current and future flight management systems, together with the availability of digital communications between the airplane and ATC, suggests the need to review the potential airplane contributions to the ATC system of the future. A number of application areas utilizing current airborne flight management technology have been proposed for use with ATC that could provide significant operational benefits. These include: time-navigation applications in traffic management; multisensor navigation to provide automatic dependent surveillance; improved precision for approach, missed approach, and departure procedures; and improved navigational accuracy supporting reduced airway widths, holding pattern airspace, and aircraft separation standards. Several examples of operational benefits for operators and ATC during the transition period are identified, and the need for integrating these features into future ATC capabilities and procedures is stressed     

Potential Applications of Acoustic Matched Filters to Air-Traffic Control Systems

The potential role of acoustic matched filters in the demanding field of civil and military air-traffic control (ATC) systems is examined. Highlighted are the problems of current ATC systems and the significant aspects of acoustic matched filters and their expeditious usage in modems employing band spreading for a multisubscriber environment and certain envisaged ATC systems deemed necessary for future traffic growth that could benefit materially from acoustic technology.     

直升机载武器系统发展趋势分析

从武装直升机在现代战争中的作用切入,系统地探讨了武装直升机弹药的挂载方案,重点对机载空地导弹、空空导弹、航空制导火箭的技术现状、发展方向和所涉及的关键技术进行了分析,从中提出我国武装直升机机载武器的发展思路。     

定向红外对抗系统中的激光器技术

便携式防空系统（MANPADs）、各类红外制导导弹等红外热寻的武器是民用、军用飞机重要的威胁。随着红外成像探测器被广泛用于热寻的制导武器,传统的红外干扰机、曳光弹难以形成有效对抗,以红外波段激光作为光源的红外定向对抗（DIRCM）系统是目前对抗热寻的武器的有效手段。文中回顾了目前有代表性的红外定向对抗系统,分析阐述用于红外定向对抗系统中的激光器关键技术,给出红外成像探器致眩区域计算方法,并讨论展望红外对抗激光器技术的发展趋势。     

地空通信和卫星通信组网实现电台的远程控制

地空话音通信在民航、军航以及许多军事指挥系统中有广泛应用.介绍了卫星通信系统与地空通信系统组网方式,实现20部地空电台的远程集中控制,完成区域指挥中心(SOC)对空指挥功能,并对其技术实现进行了探讨.     

压缩感知理论在空管数据处理技术中的应用综述

智能化空管运行系统需要形成基于空管运行数据的管制运行安全态势感知能力。结合压缩感知新体制数据处理技术以及团队近期研究成果,展望未来空管运行数据处理主要研究方向,重点论述压缩感知在机场场面监视、场面视频实时追踪、广播式自动相关监视系统缺失数据恢复、管制运行语音增强、低空域航空器定位等方面的应用,可为制定未来空管运行数据处理总体框架及实施路线图提供新参考,为智慧空管的科学研究和工程应用提供数据支撑。     

一种陆基二次雷达监测站布站仿真测算方法

二次监视雷达是航空交通管制的重要设备,只有保护二次雷达信号不受干扰,才能保证飞行安全。文中简要介绍了二次雷达的主要功能,提出了陆基二次雷达监测站布站的一种仿真测算方法,给出了计算公式和计算条件。然后,通过设置地面二次雷达、机载二次雷达、陆基无线电监测站的技术参数,给出了陆基二次雷达监测站的仿真布站结果。     

民机无线电导航设备安全性相关需求分析

安全性相关需求作为民机需求的重要组成,与安全性评估过程紧密关联。本文介绍了民机的安全性评估过程,针对某型构架下的民机无线电导航设备,从功能危害状态分析出发,使用故障树(FTA)等分析手段,分析推导了包括应对失效的定量可用性需求、缓解设计错误的研制保证等级(DAL)需求及衍生需求等设备安全性相关需求。本文中给出的安全性相关需求分析方法,符合SAE ARP 4754A、SAE ARP 4761等设计指南要求,对于高安全性要求的民机机载/地面设备的需求开发与确认具有重要的参考意义。     

军用机载平台电子信息系统的发展趋势

先进的军用机载平台电子信息系统是提升体系作战效能的重要手段.近年来,国外军用机载平台的发展呈现出高生存、多角色、广区域和强智能的趋势,未来典型作战样式向协同、自主方向发展,军用机载平台电子信息系统在现有能力提升的基础上需要重点提升与协同应用、自主管理和新型武器支持等相关的新增能力.军用机载平台的发展、作战样式的变化、新增能力需求和基础技术的进步推动电子信息系统呈现分布协同化、自主化、武器化三大发展趋势.需要在军用机载平台新兴作战样式、分布协同、硬件微小型化、结构功能一体化、人工智能、新型武器应用等方面展开深入研究.     

通用飞机机载设备适航审定过程及方法研究

针对民用航空器机载设备适航审定的要求,文中结合海鸥300飞机航电系统与适航审定结合的开发过程,详细论述了通用飞机机载设备适航审定的过程及方法。所介绍的适航审定流程,即审定基础、审定计划和符合性验证等阶段的主要工作内容,尤其是设计符合性验证制造符合性验证方法,具有一定的普适性,可作为我国通用飞机机载设备适航审定的通用方法。     

无人机遥感应用及红外载荷研究

本文首先分析了无人机的军用及民用领域,接着着重介绍了三种国外典型无人机红外载荷,最后对国内的无人机航空遥感系统进行了总结和展望。     

天地一体化信息网络在我国民航领域的应用设想

天地一体化信息网络工程将构建全球覆盖的安全、高效、实时、宽带数据传输网络,基于天地一体化信息网络的新一代机载通信、导航、监视系统是未来我国民用航空电子系统发展的重要趋势之一,可以显著提升机载航电系统能力,为航空运输的安全性、经济性、环保性、舒适性带来巨大的变革。在分析国外航空卫星系统在民用航空领域应用现状的基础上,针对我国天地一体化信息网络在民用航空领域的应用差距,提出了基于我国自主卫星系统的天地一体化信息网络在民用航空领域应用的建设设想、实施步骤及适航考虑。