基于零售商资金约束供应链采用RFID技术的决策及融资分析

为研究零售商存在资金约束和库存错放时,供应链成员采用无线射频识别(radio frequency identification,RFID)技术及融资决策的均衡问题,以单制造商和单资金约束零售商组成的两级供应链为研究对象,基于报童模型构建供应链成员采用RFID技术前后零售商是否融资4种情景下的收益模型,求解出相应的最优解并探讨供应链成员RFID采用决策与零售商的融资策略.研究发现:当零售商的自有资金适中时,供应链成员采用RFID技术一定程度上能够缓解零售商的资金约束;零售商选择融资时,供应链及其成员能够承担更高的RFID成本;零售商分摊RFID固定成本的比例对制造商、零售商和供应链能够承担的RFID标签成本阈值有决定性的影响.     

A legitimacy challenge of a cross-cultural interorganizational information system

This paper studies the adoption and diffusion of a cross-cultural Interorganizational Information System (IOS), which is used to streamline the processing of financial transactions between European investment fund companies and Taiwanese banks. Drawing from institutional and organizational legitimacy theory, we argue that the adoption and implementation of technological innovation is contingent upon its alignment with three institutional pillars in different countries and the deployment of legitimation strategies by stakeholders. Departing from classical innovation diffusion theory, our empirical investigation reveals that the implementation of a cross-cultural IOS is a dynamic process involving the recognition, understanding, and management of the regulative, normative, and cognitive challenges arising in two different institutional settings. This paper contributes to the growing body of research that highlights the significance of social and institutional influences on the adoption of IOS in a global environment.     

Adopting organizational virtualization in B2B firms: An empirical study in Singapore

We empirically tested a parsimonious model that incorporates cost-benefit analysis/transaction cost theory, institutional theory, and organizational capability-based theory to predict organizational adoption of IT-facilitated virtualization in an Asian context. Virtualization implies the use of IT and communication technology by organizations in managing their interactions and key business operations with stakeholders, such as customers, suppliers and employees. Our research extends existing literature by using organizational structure adoption theories. The study should provide insights into the salient adoption issues of Asian firms. A survey was conducted of B2B organizations in Singapore. Results indicated that an increase in the level of net perceived benefits, external influences, and organizational capabilities had a positive effect on organizational decision makers’ intention to use virtualization. In particular, external influences were found to be the most important antecedents of intention to adopt virtualization in B2B organizations in Singapore.     

大型客机初创期“主供”发展模式下的关系契约协调

研究我国大型客机研制初创期情景下的“主供”供应链协调.在供应商及主制造商交叉竞争的条件下,主制造商从寻求强势供应商建立合作关系入手,设计基于专有投资的关系契约,以线性分成合作关系带来的收益激励强势供应商与主制造商建立合作关系;分析不同契约状态时交叉竞争供应链的均衡决策,对关系契约的占优性、关系契约的演化等方面进行分析.研究得出,当关系契约能够自执行且满足强势供应商及弱主制造商的盈利预期时,供应商接受契约,双方合作关系达成;当强势供应商不接受关系契约,即无契约协调时,双方的最优交易量及供应价格完全由市场竞争决定.与完全竞争条件下相比,关系契约协调时供应商成本结构对其与不同主制造商最优交易量的影响呈相反趋势,且关系契约具有占优性,能够协调弱主制造商及相对强势供应商建立合作关系,并提升二者的盈利能力和竞争能力.     

The impact of RFID technology on warehouse process innovation: A pilot project in the TPL industry

Using the value chain model which provides a process view, this longitudinal case study and simulation modeling analysis of a Canadian third-party logistics (TPL) supply chain provides some empirical support for the enabling role of RFID technology in effecting warehouse process innovation and optimization for the focal TPL firm. However, the findings of our study also reveal the RFID technology implementation costs as the key inhibitor of RFID widespread adoption and usage among suppliers. This, in turn, precluded the focal TPL firm from implementing the best optimum RFID solution to create better business value from the RFID project.     

An empirical analysis to assess the determinants of SaaS diffusion in firms

We propose a conceptual model for assessing the determinants of SaaS diffusion process (i.e. intention, adoption, and routinization). The conceptual model is based on three important theories of adoption at the firm level (i.e., technology-organization-environment [TOE] framework, diffusion of innovation [DOI] theory, and institutional [INT] theory). Data collected from 265 firms are used to test the conceptual model. Nine determinants are found to be statistically significant. By examining direct and total (direct and indirect) effects of the determinants, the study offers rich insight into the firm's decision to adopt and routinize SaaS.     

A study on e-learning take-up intention from an innovation adoption perspective: A case in China

This research aims to examine, from an innovation adoption perspective, Chinese students’ intention of taking up e-learning degrees. A survey of Chinese students was conducted to reveal their perceptions concerning innovation attributes relevant to e-learning and their intentions of taking e-learning programmes provided by UK universities. Given the rapid development in e-learning and its potential impact on how learning takes place, this research argues that e-learning take-up represents adoption of an innovation in educational services, rather than just an IT technology. It therefore examined e-learning adoption using Rogers’s relational model of perceived innovation attributes. Rogers’s model was adapted to the e-learning context. A questionnaire survey was developed to collect data from a sample of Chinese students (n = 215). Prior to final analysis the dimensionality and validity of the implementation of Rogers relational model was assessed. Findings suggested that only perceived compatibility and trialability have significant influence on e-learning adoption intention.     

制造商竞争下创新投资对零售商信息分享策略的影响

研究在由两个竞争制造商和一个共同零售商组成的二级供应链中,制造商创新投资对零售商信息分享策略的影响.首先构建3种信息分享策略(不分享、部分分享和均分享)下的博弈模型,并对比分析得出零售商最优信息分享策略及不同策略下制造商/供应链利润大小关系;然后,探讨竞争制造商创新投资效率不等和存在横向溢出效应情形下零售商的信息分享策略.研究结果表明:当制造商投资效率相等时,若投资效率较低,则零售商没有动机分享预测信息;若竞争强度较小且投资效率较高,或者竞争强度较大且投资效率适中,则零售商总是倾向于均分享策略;若竞争强度较大且投资效率较高,则零售商选择部分分享策略.当制造商投资效率不等时,零售商更愿意与投资效率较高的制造商分享信息.此外,横向溢出效应更能激励零售商分享信息.     

公平偏好下绿色供应链收益分享与绿色创新投入

将公平偏好理论应用到绿色供应链绿色创新投入问题的研究中,建立以F-S模型为基础的绿色制造商与供应商的收益模型,并分析在信息不对称条件下公平偏好对供应商绿色创新、收益分享比例、固定补贴以及制造商最优效用的影响.研究结果表明:在信息不对称条件下,公平偏好对供应商的最优绿色创新投入无影响,公平偏好不会影响绿色制造商提供的最优收益分享比例,而绿色制造商提供给供应商的补贴会受公平偏好影响,绿色制造商给供应商的固定补贴额是随着供应商公平偏好心理强度的增大而减小,而绿色制造商的最优效用会受到供应商公平偏好强度和自身公平偏好强度的共同影响.     

Applying institutional theory to the adoption of electronic health records in the U.S.

This study uses institutional theory to explain adoption of electronic health records (EHRs) in ambulatory medical practices in the U.S. Health care is a highly institutionalized industry, subject to multiple regulatory forces, high levels of professionalism, and growing network externalities that can influence adoption decisions. We found that mimetic forces were more critical predictors when there was greater uncertainty, coercive forces were significant predictors after the U.S. government established incentives, and normative forces have continually influenced adoption. This study demonstrates the impact of the institutional effect of government policies and industry norms on adoption of critical technologies.     

Why do teachers continue to use teaching blogs? The roles of perceived voluntariness and habit

The importance of teaching blogs motivates schools to adopt them. The value realized from these teaching blogs depends on teachers' ongoing participation and contribution, but limited research explains why teachers continue to use teaching blogs after their initial adoption. To promote teachers' continued usage of teaching blogs, it is important to know the underlying reasons. This study extended Bhattacherjee's expectation–confirmation model by adding two moderating effects (perceived voluntariness and habit) on the intention–usage relationship. Longitudinal data were collected from a survey questionnaire completed by 195 Taiwanese senior and vocational school teachers. The partial least squares model was used to test the measurement and structural models. The results indicate that confirmation has a direct effect on perceived usefulness, while satisfaction is jointly determined by perceived usefulness and confirmation. The continuance intention of teaching blogs is jointly determined by satisfaction and perceived usefulness, with 34% variance explained. The continued usage of teaching blogs is jointly determined by perceived voluntariness and habit, with 42% variance explained. The results also show that a higher level of perceived voluntariness for teaching blogs increases the effect of continuance intention on continued usage. However, habit does not moderate the intention–usage relationship. The implications for theory and practice, as well as suggestions for future research, are also discussed.     

供应商竞争关系下的第三方物流融资及物流服务决策

研究第三方物流企业（3PL）在处于竞争关系中的供应商面临资金约束时的融资策略选择问题。考虑由两个竞争关系的供应商和一个零售商构成的两级供应链,3PL企业为供应链提供代采购、物流及融资服务,分别考虑在代采购中向供应商提供融资能够获得价格折扣和代采购中考虑额外资金成本情况下,3PL融资意愿选择,向供应商提供（不提供）融资。建立3PL、供应商和零售商在不同情况下的收益模型,并给出供应商和零售商的最优定价,以及3PL的最优物流服务收费决策,通过比较融资前后各个企业的收益分析3PL参与供应链融资的积极作用。研究发现3PL向处于竞争环境下的资金短缺供应商提供融资能够增加3PL、零售商和供应链整体的收益,且3PL更愿意在考虑自身资金成本的情况下向供应商提供融资,并且供应商之间竞争越激烈,3PL和零售商的获益越大。     

Robo-advisors and investment intention: A perspective of value-based adoption

Financial robo-advisors have been widely used to assist individuals in their investment decisions, making it important to reduce uncertainties in the assistance process. Existing empirical studies rarely explore uncertainty reduction strategies and their implications on users’ investment intentions in the context of financial robo-advisors; our study attempts to address this gap. We construct a model to explain how uncertainty reduction strategies affect users’ investment intention in using financial robo-advisors. By collecting and analyzing a sample of 307 financial robo-advisor users, we find that algorithmic interpretability, structural assurance, and interactivity as uncertainty reduction strategies are positively related to users’ investment intention through the value-based adoption mechanism. Our research extends the value-based adoption model and uncertainty reduction theory in the financial robo-advisor context. We provide insights to financial robo-advisor service providers about focusing on improving algorithmic transparency, third-party assurance, and interactivity of financial robo-advisors to enhance perceived value and investment intention.     

公平偏好行为下考虑质量和营销努力的定价策略

研究零售商公平偏好下考虑质量和营销努力的联合决策问题.首先考虑制造商Stackelberg的情形,研究发现, 零售价格、批发价格、质量努力水平、营销努力水平以及制造商利润均随零售商嫉妒偏好系数的增大而递减,但是零售商利润关于其嫉妒偏好系数的变化不大;然后,考虑零售商Stackelberg的情形,研究发现,批发价格、质量努力水平、营销努力水平以及制造商利润均随零售商的同情偏好系数的增大而递增,零售商利润则随其同情偏好系数的增大而递减;最后进行算例分析,并给出一些管理学的意义.     

Does RFID improve firms’ financial performance? an empirical analysis

Radio frequency identification (RFID) is viewed as a technology that improves supply chain efficiency by enhancing inventory efficiency, optimizing logistics, and coordinating the flow of materials. Although RFID has gained great attention in many business applications, the financial gain that accrues over time from RFID adoption is not well understood. We examine the effects of RFID on firm profits while adjusting for self-selection of adoption choice. We find that firms self-select into a certain adoption mode on the basis of their organizational characteristics. Our results also show that RFID confers significant benefits for firms that have adopted RFID. Interestingly, improved inventory ratio and sales efficiency begin to play a greater role in shaping higher profitability over time for firms that have adopted RFID possibly due to time-consuming processes for them to reap the benefits from RFID. However, we find that the values of RFID that accrue to firms are not universal across firm. That is, our results suggest that RFID confers a significant value for certain firms while it does not for other firms with unobservable disadvantages. In sum, our study sheds new light on what drives firms to adopt RFID and on which firms achieve higher financial performance in a post-adoption period as a result of RFID adoption.     

Convergence adoption model (CAM) in the context of a smart car service

This study proposes the convergence adoption model (CAM) in the context of a smart car service. The unique characteristics of convergence technology demand the incorporation of compatibility judgment, task-technology-fit (TTF) and the effect of visual design to fully understand users' adoption intention. The results of our study indicate that the compatibility with past experiences with existing and comparable technologies is indeed a critical factor affecting perceived ease-of-use, usefulness, and enjoyment of convergence technology. TTF is found to directly influence the adoption intention and mediate the effect of perceived usefulness and enjoyment on the adoption intention. Finally, the results show that visual attractiveness of the interface design enhances the evaluation of the key constructs of our model, such as compatibility judgment, perceived enjoyment, and adoption intention of convergence technology.     

An exploratory study of radio frequency identification (RFID) adoption in the healthcare industry

This study examines the radio frequency identification (RFID) adoption decision process and proposes a model predicting the likelihood of adopting RFID within organizations in the healthcare industry. A considerable number of studies have been conducted regarding organizational information technology (IT) adoption, but the nature of the organizational IT adoption process is still not well understood. Especially, although there are a number of variables and categories that have been found empirically to be related to adoption behavior, there is little in the way of evidence to suggest the origin or motivation behind the adoption. Thus, this study investigates the underlying motivations and driving forces behind the adoption of RFID using the theory of technology-push and need-pull. In this study, an organizational RFID adoption model is proposed and empirically tested by a survey using a sample of 126 senior executives in U.S. hospitals. The model posits that three categories of factors, technology push, need pull, and presence of champions, determine the likelihood of adopting RFID within organizations. This study also found that the relationships between those three categories and the likelihood of adopting RFID are strengthened or weakened by organizational readiness.     

Retailer's optimal ordering policies with trade credit financing

In this article, we extended Goyal's model to develop an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model in which the supplier offers the retailer the permissible delay period M, and the retailer in turn provides the trade credit period N (with N?≤?M) to his/her customers. In addition, we assume that (1) the retailer's selling price per unit is necessarily higher than its unit cost, and (2) the interest rate charged by a supplier or a bank is not necessarily higher than the retailer's investment return rate. We then establish an appropriate EOQ model with trade credit financing, and provide an easy-to-use closed-form solution to the problem. Furthermore, we find it is possible that a well-established buyer may order a lower quantity and take the benefit of the permissible delay more frequently, which contradicts to the result by the previous researchers. Finally, we perform some sensitivity analyses to illustrate the theoretical results and obtain some managerial results.     

Vicious and virtuous circles of offshoring attitudes and relational behaviours. A configurational study of German IT developers

Prior research has shown that the success of offshoring is affected by relational behaviours of the employees involved in an offshoring collaboration. However, hardly anything is known about the attitudes that onshore colleagues hold towards offshoring, and how such offshoring attitudes affect relational behaviours towards offshore colleagues. We therefore present an interpretivist, qualitative case study that explores the offshoring attitudes of German information technology developers. We found that offshoring attitudes affected relational behaviours towards Indian offshore colleagues, in terms of (1) treating Indian colleagues as fellow team members as opposed to suppliers; (2) spending more or less effort in communication and knowledge transfer; and (3) supporting vs. avoiding the task transfer. These relational behaviours fed back into participants' offshoring attitudes, leading to vicious and virtuous circles. The circles created two contrasting configurations of offshoring attitudes and relational behaviours, driven by opposing forces within the departmental context. Our findings highlight the value of taking a configurational perspective for understanding offshoring success and for identifying drivers that need to be managed in order to achieve favourable configurations. We suggest that future research should further expand the typology of attitude‐behaviour configurations and could apply theories of efficacy, self‐reinforcing spirals and planned behaviour.