Sr变质后Al-28%Si合金中Si相的生长行为

采用不同的腐蚀、萃取方法,研究Sr变质后Al-28%Si合金初生Si和共晶Si相的形貌变化.结果表明,变质后合金中初生Si金相组织呈鱼骨状,萃取后是由八面体堆垛形成的长条状聚集体.SEM分析显示,Sr元素在初生硅内部并未富集,Sr的加入影响了初生硅的形核,并未影响初生Si的生长过程;变质后共晶Si表现为细而短的纤维杆状组成的脊骨状结构,能谱分析显示在共晶Si生长前端存在Sr元素的富集.游离态Sr原子在Si相表面的吸附阻止了共晶Si相的片状生长,进而形成分枝细密的珊瑚状共晶Si,Sr的加入影响了共晶Si的生长过程.     

共晶硅变质机理研究进展

随着对共晶Si变质机理的深入研究,相继发现了一些新的证据,提出了一些新的假说。共晶Si的变质机理主要存在两种：形核理论和生长理论。“小面-非小面转变说”的核心是Si相的形核受到抑制,而“毒化”机制、Zigzag孪晶生长模型及杂质诱发孪晶机制揭示了变质时共晶Si晶体的生长行为。文中对共晶Si的变质机理研究进展进行了综述。     

Sb变质后Al-Si合金共晶组织的不均匀性

为了研究Sb变质的Al-13Si-0.4Mg合金中共晶组织的不均匀性,采用液淬技术及光学显微镜考察Sb变质的Al-13Si-0.4Mg合金凝固过程中的组织形成过程。结果发现,在共晶反应初期,先期形成的共晶团的分枝很少,此时形成的共晶组织往往较粗大,表现为共晶Si片较厚、片间距大、分枝少;而此后的共晶反应过程中,共晶团的分枝增加,形成的共晶组织较细小,表现为共晶Si片较薄、片间距小、分枝密集。组织不均匀性的主要原因是Sb在共晶固/液界面前沿的富集程度不同,导致了Sb在共晶Si表面的吸附数量不同,从而影响了共晶Si的生长速度。     

La、Ce对Al-24Si合金中Si相生长的作用

研究了La、Ce混合稀土对过共晶Al-24Si合金中初生Si和共晶Si形态的影响。采用不同的腐蚀、萃取方法,得到未变质和La、Ce混合稀土变质的过共晶Al-24Si合金中初生Si和共晶Si相完整的立体形貌,借助扫描电镜和能谱仪对其进行形貌观察和物相分析。结果表明,在Al-24Si合金结晶过程中,La、Ce通过在Si/Al界面前沿合金液中的富集作用,一方面抑制了Si相的长大,另一方面通过成分过冷影响Si相的长大方式,使其以非小平面即粗糙界面方式长大,改变初生Si和共晶Si相的形貌;对合金中形成的稀土化合物进行能谱分析表明,化合物中Si的摩尔分数较高,证明在稀土化合物的形成过程中部分消耗了Si原子,使初生Si和共晶Si长大时组织中Si含量减少,有效阻碍了初生Si和共晶Si的长大。     

Sr对Mg-4%Si合金中Mg2Si的变质作用

研究Sr对过共晶Mg-4%Si（质量分数）合金中Mg2Si相的变质作用与机理。Mg-4%Si合金中存在多面体形初生Mg2Si相与汉字状共晶Mg2Si相。添加Al-10%Sr可以明显细化初生Mg2Si相,同时可以将共晶Mg2Si相由汉字状变质为多面体状或者纤维状。对初生Mg2Si相的细化作用主要是由凝固过程中含Sr颗粒的异质形核作用引起的,而对共晶Mg2Si相的变质作用是由在凝固过程中熔体中的Sr原子在Mg2Si晶体生长表面富集,从而改变了其生长优势所致的。     

电磁搅拌对半固态Al-20%Mg2Si合金组织的影响

研究了Al-20%Mg2Si过共晶合金在不同搅拌电压下凝固时的凝固组织变化,并对其进行了布氏硬度的测量。结果表明:Al-20%Mg2Si过共晶合金在电磁搅拌下出现了非搅拌凝固中所没有的-αAl相晶粒,初生Mg2Si呈簇状分布在基体上,且随着搅拌电压的升高,α-Al相晶粒尺寸减小,Mg2Si团簇尺寸增大;而且电磁搅拌下,Al-20%Mg2Si过共晶合金的硬度随搅拌电压增加而增加。     

钛硅共晶系合金结晶过程与微观形貌

观察和分析了钛硅共晶系合金的共晶结晶过程以及微观组织中Ti5Si3相的典型形貌.结果表明,亚共晶与共晶钛硅合金中Ti5Si3相在共晶析出时均生长成棒状甚至颗粒状.更细致的观察发现,Ti5Si3相的截面形貌为六角形,具有光滑的120°夹角界面,而且中心部位嵌有非共格的球形α-Ti颗粒.同时,Miedema理论计算结果表明,Ti5Si3相比β-Ti相具有更负的生成热,是钛硅共晶系合金中两相共晶时的领先相.     

Ni-Si共晶合金的定向生长特性

Ni-Ni3Si作为一种高强度和耐腐蚀的新型金属基复合材料,在航空航天等高温结构领域有潜在的应用前景。本研究采用布里奇曼定向凝固技术制备的Ni-Ni3Si共晶复合材料的定向生长特性。研究表明,未凝的组织为树枝晶组织,经过定向凝固后,初始过渡区粗大的Ni3Si相领先共晶组织生长,稳态生长区的组织为典型的层片共晶组织。采用XRD和EDS技术系统地分析了Ni-Ni3Si共晶的相分布规律,表明定向凝固后的Ni-Ni3Si复合材料由Ni相、Ni3Si相和Ni31Si12相三相组成,其中的Ni31Si12为亚稳相,是凝固过程中由β2-Ni3Si相的共析分解反应所形成的。此外,在凝固过程中出现了共晶的层片间距调整。     

以微细Si粉为原料制备Mg-2Si合金的研究

研究了以微细Si粉作为原料制备的Mg-2Si合金的组织及力学性能.结果表明,当Si以微细粉末(≤48 μm)的形式在700 ℃加入到熔体中并保温3 min后浇注,可以获得较为细小的合金组织,其中初生Mg2Si相呈细小的多面体(≤10 μm),共晶Mg2Si杆长度在100 μm以下.当Si以微细粉末的方式加入时,合金熔体中出现大量的富Si区域和贫Si区域,从而在凝固过程中析出细小而数量较多的初生α-Mg相和初生Mg2Si相.二者构成细密的骨架,分割剩余熔体,抑制共晶组织的生长,从而明显提高合金的力学性能.     

试样直径对Ni-Ni3Si定向凝固共晶组织失稳的影响

采用Φ4 mm、Φ7 mm两种Ni-Ni_3Si共晶合金试样,研究试样直径对定向凝固共晶组织失稳的影响。实验结果表明:Ni-Ni_3Si共晶耦合生长的初生相为Ni_3Si相,定向生长的小直径试样更易发生zigzag失稳,形成弯曲的层片组织。分析认为小直径试样的液相温度梯度较大,合金凝固过程中过冷度较低,在生长速率为4μm/s时,即可发生zigzag失稳,这种失稳有利于减小共晶两相扩散生长速率的差异性,缩小两相的宽度差。此外,这种晶内失稳与晶粒的层片取向有关。     

NONSTABLE GROWTH OF Al-Si EUTECTIC IN CONSTRAINED CONDITION

Nonstable growth of Al-Si eutectic in constrained condition has been investigated by means ofchange of the withdrawing rate in an unidirectional solidification system,In constantacceleration growth,a retarded effect of response of eutectic interflake spacing on the growthrate has been observed.The response mechanisms are cluster-branching and local terminationextension of Si-phase.In constant deceleration growth,the cluster-branching and termina-tion mechanisms of silicon still control adjustment of the interflake spacing,but the spacing isdetermined by the initial growth rate and does not respond to the decreasing growth rate.     

SCALING LAW OF IRREGULAR EUTECTIC IN DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION

The profile features of the solidifying interface of the irregular Al-Si eutectic duringdirectional solidification are studied by numerically solving a nonlinear coupling equation ofdirectional solidification of this eutectic.The critical splitting point of the solidifying interfacecoincides with the maximum value of its position and corresponds to the marginal stabilitypoint.Argument is presented that the interlamellar spacing for local regular structure selectsthe critical splitting state of the α(Al)-liquid interface as its operating point,and the oper-ating point of the average interflake spacing for the irregular structure is the critical splittingstate of the β(Si)-liquid interface.The scaling laws derived,which have the more generalforms than the classic Jackson-Hunt scaling,gained support from the experimental results.     

CELLULAR SPACING SELECTION OF Al-0.53wt%Zn ALLOY UNDER NEAR-RAPID DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION CONDITION

1.IntroductionCellular/dendriticspacing,asoneofthemostimportantsolidificationmicrostructuralscales,isofcriticalsignificancetothestudyofsolidificationtheoryandcontrolofmicrostructures.Recently,severalimportantdevelopments[1--4]havebeenmadeintheoreticalresearchesonplanarfrontgrowthandtheselectionofcellular/dendriticstructureatlowgrowthvelocityunderconstrainedcrystalgrowthcondition,andithasbeenrecognizedinexperimentalinvestigationsls--ic]thatthereexistsawideallowablerangeofprimarydendriticspacing…     

Dendrite growth directions and morphology in the directional solidification of anisotropic materials

This study has experimentally determined the growth direction and the morphology of dendrites in a thin sample of succinonitrile alloy in configurations where the heat flow direction differs from the preferred crystalline orientations. A large data set has been obtained over a range of growth velocity, dendrite spacing, and misorientation angle between the two directions. Data analysis has provided evidence of an internal symmetry from which the expression of the orientational response of dendrites to the growth conditions has been identified. This has been complemented by the identification of a new dendrite scale, more relevant than the dendrite spacing to the present issue. Altogether, these results provide new insights on the growth direction and the morphology of dendrites that could be applied to more practical configurations.     

全层状TiAl合金层片生长及其影响因素

利用光学显微镜(OM)和TEM，研究了全层状TiAl合金的层片间距的影响因素及与各因素的关系。实验结果表明，全层状TiAl合金的层片间距与冷却速度和合金中铝含量有关，层片间距与冷却速度呈反比关系，并随着合金中铝含量的增加而增加。同时，以层片生长的台阶机制为基础，推导出了全层状TiAl合金在连续冷却过程中层片间距的数学表达式，推导结果与实验结果相符。     

脉冲电场对Al-5.6%Cu合金柱状晶间距的影响

运用定向凝固方法,在凝固过程中将脉冲电场平行地作用于Al-5.6%Cu合金柱状晶的生长方向上,考察了不同脉冲电场电压及冷却速度对柱状晶间距的影响.试验结果表明:随着脉冲电场电压的升高,柱状晶间距呈直线上升的趋势;冷速越大,不同脉冲电场时的柱状晶间距与原始状态下柱状晶间距差值的变化幅度越大,即脉冲电场作用效果对冷速的响应越明显.     

快速生长枝-胞转变过程的界面结构和微观组织SCIEI

本文利用新研制的ZMLMC定向凝固装置,研究了Ni-5wt-％Cu合金快速定向凝固条件下由树枝状生长转变为胞状生长及其过渡过程的凝固界面结构和微观组织。实验结果表明:在枝-胞转变点附近,随生长速率的增大,侧向分枝由发达逐渐萎缩,最终消失;同时一次枝晶间距减小,发生枝-胞转变时,糊状区长度急骤缩短。快速生长胞状界面与慢速生长胞状界面形态相似,但前者胞间距更小,且胞壁不光滑。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of AlCuFe eutectic alloy

In the production of AlCuFe alloy for a special application, the growth rate was changed and the results were evaluated. Changes in the eutectic spacing (microstructure) of a material due to the growth rate are known to affect its mechanical, electrical and thermal properties. To evaluate its microstructure, the eutectic composition of Al-32.5wt.%Cu-0.5wt.%Fe was prepared and directional solidification experiments were conducted using a Bridgman-type furnace at a constant temperature gradient (G=8.50 K/mm) and five growth rates (V=8.25, 16.60, 41.65, 90.05, 164.80 μm/s). The effect of the growth rate on the eutectic spacing was then determined, and the resulting microhardness and ultimate tensile strength were obtained based on the change in the microstructure by regression analysis and Hall-Petch correlations. Despite the fact that the growth rate increased by approximately twenty times, the eutectic spacing decreased by a factor of approximately 5, and these changes in the growth rate and microstructure caused the mechanical properties to change by a factor of approximately 1.5.     

A NUMERICAL MODEL OF LAMELLAR SPACING OF Al-Si EUTECTIC

1. Introduction For decades, much attention has been paid to the theoretical prediction of the interphase spacing of regular eutectic systems since the pioneering work of Jacskon and Hunt[13l. However, very little comparable progress has been made in mathematical prediction of the lamellar spacing of such irregular eutectics as Al-Si and Fe-C systems. It is more difficult to compute the concentration field ahead of the nonisothcrmal liquid/solid interface of an irregular eutectic than that …     

Microstructural evolution during upward and downward transient directional solidification of hypomonotectic and monotectic Al–Bi alloys

Upward directional unsteady-state solidification experiments were performed with both a hypomonotectic Al–2.0 wt% Bi alloy and a monotectic Al–3.2 wt% Bi alloy. Besides, the monotectic composition (3.2 wt% Bi) was directionally solidified under downward transient heat flow conditions, which enables the effects of melt convection on the final microstructure to be evaluated since the collective downward movement of Bi-rich particles is favored in such case. This is due to the density differences between the two coexisting liquid phases. The thermal parameters such as cooling rate, growth rate and thermal gradient were experimentally determined by data collected from cooling curves recorded along the casting length. The monotectic features observed in the Al–3.2 wt% Bi alloy castings, i.e. the interphase spacing and Bi-rich particles diameter were correlated with the growth rate and thermal gradient. The cell spacing was experimentally determined for the Al–2.0 wt% Bi alloy as a function of both the cooling rate and tip growth rate. These experimental data were compared with the main predictive cellular growth models from the literature. A comparison between upward and downward unsteady-state solidification results for the interphase spacing and Bi-rich particles diameter has also been conducted.