冲天炉节能的新途径

目前,我国的冲天炉,熔炼水平与铁质量都不同程度的存在着一些问题,特别是能源消耗高,浪费严重,长期以来不能得到认真解决。因此,降低冲天炉能耗,提高冲天炉熔炼技术水平,推广节能先进经验,加快冲天炉熔炼业技术进步是急待解决的问题。根据我们长期生产的实践经验,笔者和老工人一起设计制造一台小型冲天炉(1.5吨)。通过长期使用,证明该冲天炉熔炼效果好,产量由1.5吨提高到3吨。铁水温度达到1400～1430℃。消耗大大降低,元素烧损、总焦铁比和层焦比都处于最佳状态,达到较好水平。冲天炉的主要结构尺寸、参数和有关内容如下:     

冲天炉与工频感应熔炼炉的现状及其今后的动向

文章概述了冲天炉与工频感应熔炼炉的发展现状,以对比形式阐述了冲天炉与工频感应熔炼炉各自长处与不足。冲天炉在熔炼成本上比工频熔炼炉优越,但在冶炼质量、劳动强度、耗费人力、环境公害等方面还存在一定问题。现在,中小型冲天炉正在开发高温出铁,     

感应熔炼炉概况和发展动向简介

由于能源和污染问题,国外铸铁熔化设备有了变化。冲天炉在减少,感应炉则迅速增加。美国在1957—1975年间,冲天炉减少了60％,感应炉增加了200％。     

ZXP净化冲天炉排放

0 前言 在冲天炉熔炼过程中,由于焦炭的燃烧,金属炉料的预热、熔化及过热,炉气的运动,炉料的加入,耐火材料的损坏等过程进行中,因化学作用、热作用及机械运动使冲天炉排放的烟气中含有大量的气体及固体有害物质,这些物质对人类及自然环境有着不可忽视的危害作用。近年来,我国对治理冲天炉排放的有害烟气方面做了许多工作,制定了一些相应的规定,并根据不同条件和要求设计、制造了各种类型的烟气除尘净化装置,取得了积极的效果。但是,对于我国缸套行业所具有的工作时间长,初始含烟量高(≥10000mg/h)净化程度要求严格(市区内≤200mg/dNm~3),且希望做到使用可靠,维修方便,所需投入资金适合企业的承受能力等特点,采用何种类型净化装置是达到治理目的,满足治理要求的关键。本文就此问题并结合我厂冲天炉治理情况作一论述,仅供参考。     

10t冲天炉最佳结构及工艺的确定

通过对10t/h冲天炉的改造,将3排小风口冲天炉改为两排大间距结构,用正交设计法试验确定10t冲天炉最佳结构及工艺参数．实验结果表明,10t/h冲天炉采用两排大间距炉型,倒置风口(67／33)、小风口比(2．0)、焦铁比1：10、风量110m^3／mm的工况下可获得最佳熔化效果。改造后的10t冲天炉比原3排小风口冲天炉的铁水温度提高30～50℃,显著减少了炉前出铁口冻结事故,降低铸件废品率1．92％。     

水冷冲天炉消烟除尘技术的研究与生产应用

根据日益严格的环保要求,上海柴油机股份有限公司会同环保设备生产厂商对水冷冲天炉除尘系统的结构和工艺技术进行了研究设计,采用了比较先进的消烟除尘系统应用在原有冲天炉改造项目,方案实施后表明:冲天炉不再冒烟,除尘排放达标,生产环境明显改善。     

冲天炉风机的节能改造与效果

一、原冲天炉配置风机存在的不足据对我市铸造行业使用风机运行状况的调查，铸造行业冲天炉配置的风机有８９％是代用的罗茨风机和离心通用风机，这些风机虽然不少是冲天炉原配用风机，但由于风量、风压与冲天炉需要不匹配，因此，在使用过程中存在着明显不足，调查分析，...     

实用,高效,节能的中、小型冲天炉熔炼系统的设计的探讨

本文从冲天炉应用的实际出发,探讨了中、小型冲天炉熔炼系统的整体设计,对冲天炉的结构,热风炉胆,风管布置,风机选用,通风除尘,以及新型修炉材料的应用,合理的工艺技术要求等等做了较详尽的说明,最后总结出设计实用,高效,节能的中、小型冲天炉熔炼系统的最佳方案。     

一种高强度富氧天然气燃烧器火焰特性的数值模拟

根据天然气冲天炉结构特点设计了一种富氧高燃烧强度的燃烧器并建立燃烧器燃烧的物理模型和数学模型,利用CFD软件Fluent模拟研究了不同预热温度以及不同空气预混比例对燃烧温度、火焰长度变化等的影响规律,为以后该类型燃烧器的设计提供了理论依据。     

冲天炉与电炉熔炼的特点

分析当前我国发动机气缸套采用冲天炉和电炉熔炼技术，并探讨了今后熔炼方式的发展方向。通过采用冲天炉和电炉熔炼，获得高温优质铁水和孕育处理等措施，可以有效地提高发动机气缸套的机械性能和金相组织。     

Analysis of solar hydrogen production in Algeria: Case of an electrolyzer-concentrating photovoltaic system

The use of renewable energy and more particularly solar energy in hydrogen production is considered the most viable and the most environment protective. Electricity is required for water electrolysis to produce hydrogen. As photovoltaic modules enable the direct conversion of solar energy into electricity, photovoltaic systems are then the most indicated systems for this task.     

淹没库区土地分解到户的方法浅谈

土地是库区最重要的实物指标,土地分解到户工作是移民前期工作的最重要和最复杂的环节,是土地补偿和编制移民安置实施规划的重要依据。作者根据《重庆市乌江彭水水电站酉阳县库区土地分解到户》等几个库区的实际工作经验,抱着在土地分解过程中决不亏待老百姓,也不偏向业主的态度,取得了明显的社会效果,总结出库区淹没土地分解到户的方法,愿于同行们共飨。     

Recent trends in biodiesel production from commonly used animal fats

Changes in climate due to the enormous amount of carbon dioxide emissions have really encouraged the development of energy sources that are renewable, sustainable, and eco‐friendly. The development of alternative energy sources can also be attributed to the rapid decrease in resources of fossil energy. Biodiesel has gained significant interest in recent years due to its fossil fuel–like properties and sustainable and eco‐friendly characteristics. However, most biodiesels are expensive because of the high cost of feedstock largely based on edible vegetable oil sources. The use of animal fats waste as cost effective feedstock in biodiesel production has gained considerable attention in recent years. Although, most studies regarding the use of animal wastes as feedstock in biodiesel production are still in the early stages, the advantages of this type of feedstock have been highlighted in the literature. However, most studies have not focus on the recent advances in the use of animal fats waste. The studies on the use of novel approach have been reported in isolation. Therefore, this current study attempts to highlight recent developments of the most commonly used animal fats waste in the production of biodiesel. In addition, emphasis was given to the most appropriate production technique, catalyst, energy requirement, and optimum reaction conditions.     

EROI of different fuels and the implications for society

All forms of economic production and exchange involve the use of energy directly and in the transformation of materials. Until recently, cheap and seemingly limitless fossil energy has allowed most of society to ignore the importance of contributions to the economic process from the biophysical world as well as the potential limits to growth. This paper centers on assessing the energy costs of modern day society and its relation to GDP. Our most important focus is the characteristics of our major energy sources including each fuel's energy return on investment (EROI). The EROI of our most important fuels is declining and most renewable and non-conventional energy alternatives have substantially lower EROI values than traditional conventional fossil fuels. At the societal level, declining EROI means that an increasing proportion of energy output and economic activity must be diverted to attaining the energy needed to run an economy, leaving less discretionary funds available for “non-essential” purchases which often drive growth. The declining EROI of traditional fossil fuel energy sources and the effect of that on the world economy are likely to result in a myriad of consequences, most of which will not be perceived as good.     

What’s the state of energy studies research?: A content analysis of three leading journals from 1999 to 2008

We present the results of a content analysis conducted on 2502 papers written by 5318 authors published between 1999 and 2008 in three leading energy studies journals: Energy Policy, The Energy Journal, and The Electricity Journal. Our study finds that authors were most likely to be male, based in North America, possess a background in science or engineering, and affiliated with a university or research institute. Articles were likely to be written by authors working within disciplinary boundaries and using research methods from an economics/engineering background. The US was the most written about country among papers that adopted a country focus and electricity was the most frequently discussed energy source. Energy markets and public policy instruments were the most popular focus areas. According to these findings, we identify five thematic areas whose further investigation could enhance the energy studies field and increase the policy-relevance of contemporary research.     

最严格水资源管理制度下的区域工业用水效率预测

为预测区域工业用水效率,运用DEA窗口分析方法测算了历史条件下泛长三角地区的工业用水综合技术效率、工业用水纯技术效率、工业用水规模效率;在最严格水资源管理制度、情景假定条件下预测了区域的工业用水效率的变化趋势。结果表明,在宽松化的水资源管理制度下的区域用水效率呈下降趋势,而在最严格水资源管理制度下的区域工业用水效率呈上升趋势,这说明最严格水资源管理制度是有效的。     

LPG: a secure, cleaner transport fuel? A policy recommendation for Europe

LPG should play a greater role in road-transport-fuel policy in Western Europe, because (1) it is more secure than conventional and most alternative road-transport fuels; (2) it is superior to most road-transport fuels with respect to public health and environmental impact, and (3) it is available commercially today, which most alternatives are not. Policy makers should target a 2010 market share for LPG (known as Autogas when used as an automotive fuel) at 3–5% of road-transport fuel, up from its current level of about 1%.     

Tectonics and deposits of the cenozoic era in the South China Sea

The marginal sea along the western fringe of the Pacific Ocean is one of the most magnificant regions of global tectonics. In the plate tectonics pattern, a marginal sea is located in the tension-rifted region of the continental plate adjacent to the plate convergence boundary. Among such marginal seas, the South China Sea is probably the most complex, and one of the most important oil-and-gas provinces in Southeast Asia. This paper, based on results from geophysical surveys and drilling activities as well as other available data, is intended to describe briefly the tectonics and deposits of the Cenozoic Era in the South China Sea.     

Decomposition of intensity of energy-related CO2 emission in Chinese provinces using the LMDI method

Uncovering the driving factors of CO₂ emission intensity declining is important for China. This paper improves the logarithmic mean Divisia index technique, which includes energy density and energy consumption intensity, to explore the driving factors of carbon emission intensity (CI) in 29 Chinese provinces from 1995–2012. The main results are: (1) energy consumption intensity plays a more important role than carbon emission density (CD) for a rapid decrease in CI during the research period, so a much room is left for a significant CD reduction through carbon emission reduction technology, energy structural reduction, and energy consumption proportional reduction. (2) The decrease in energy consumption technology and energy structure in secondary industries contributes the most reduction in energy consumption intensity. (3)The energy consumption proportions of secondary and tertiary industries are the two most important drivers to decrease CD. (4) During the research period, the energy consumption proportions of secondary industries result in the most decrease in CD, whereas the energy consumption proportions of tertiary industries cause the most increase in CD.     

Application of sensitivity analysis in design of sustainable buildings

Building performance can be expressed by different indicators such as primary energy use, environmental load and/or the indoor environmental quality and a building performance simulation can provide the decision maker with a quantitative measure of the extent to which an integrated design solution satisfies the design objectives and criteria. In the design of sustainable buildings, it is beneficial to identify the most important design parameters in order to more efficiently develop alternative design solutions or reach optimized design solutions. Sensitivity analyses make it possible to identify the most important parameters in relation to building performance and to focus design and optimization of sustainable buildings on these fewer, but most important parameters. The sensitivity analyses will typically be performed at a reasonably early stage of the building design process, where it is still possible to influence the most important design parameters. A methodology of sensitivity analysis is presented and an application example is given for design of an office building in Denmark.