氯乙烯—乙烯异丁基醚共聚物树脂涂层的外增塑研究

研究了两种增塑剂对氯乙烯-乙烯异丁基醚共聚物树脂涂层力学性能的影响。讨论了两种增塑剂的增塑效果与增塑剂体积分数、增塑剂种类的关系。     

基于多尺度孔结构的保温隔热涂层的导热系数与导热模型

以水性丙烯酸酯乳液为成膜物质,以二氧化硅气凝胶（ SA）与空心玻璃微珠（ HGB）为隔热填料,同时引入纳米孔和微米孔,制备了具有多尺度孔结构的保温隔热涂料。通过热常数分析仪测量不同 SA、HGB体积比的涂层的导热系数。结果表明：涂层的导热系数与 SA、HGB的体积比密切相关。涂层的导热系数随填料体积分数的增加而减小,当填料体积分数为 70%,SA与 HGM体积比为 8∶2时,涂层导热系数最低为 0. 053 W/（m·K）。使用并联模型、串联模型、 Maxwell模型、 H-C模型对 SA/HGM保温隔热涂层的导热实验数据进行拟合,发现当填料体积分数为 30%时,涂层导热系数可以用 Maxwell模型进行预测;当填料体积分数为 50%和 70%时,需要考虑涂层中开放孔隙的影响,涂层导热系数可以用基于 Maxwell模型的修正模型进行预测。     

PVC用大分子增塑剂的乳液法PVC用大分子增塑剂的乳液法合成及其应用研究

以苯乙烯（St）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）和马来酸酐（MAH）为原料,采用乳液聚合法合成一种新型PVC增塑剂（St—co—BA—co—MAH）。考察了反应温度、引发剂用量、乳化剂用量以及第三单体MAH的用蕈对共聚反应的影响,确定了最优反应工艺,同时刘该助剂的结构进行了表征;考察其增塑的PVC（聚氯乙烯）材料与DOP增塑的PVC材料应用性能。结果表明：聚合反应温度为80℃,引发剂质量分数为0．8％,乳化剂质量分数为2．5％时,所得乳液的稳定性最好;当合成大分子增塑剂用量逐渐增大时,PVC试样的力学性能更好,且耐抽出性能优于使用相同量DOP增塑的PVC材料。     

PET膜用氟碳溶胶涂层性能研究简

以PET薄膜为基底,钭含氟硅氧烷与y-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷形成的溶胶涂敷于其上并加热固化。经测试,此氟碳涂层／PET薄膜在可见光范围内,光透过率达到90％以上,表面疏水性优异,涂层力学性能优良。探讨了溶胶氟含量与涂层接触角的关系,研究表明：当含氟硅氧烷添加量为1％（体积分数）,涂层表面氟含量为0．7％（质量分数）时,接触角达到118°,之后再增加含氟硅氧烷添加量,涂层表面接触角基本保持不变。本研究为拓展PET膜应用提供了基础。     

热塑性聚酰亚胺复合材料导热性能研究

采用稳态热板法测定铜粉（Cu）填充热塑性聚酰亚胺（TPI）复合材料的热导率，研究了Cu填充量对复合材料的力学性能和导热性能的影响，初步探讨了温度与复合材料热导率的关系。通过扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的微观形态。在此基础上，理论计算复合材料热导率。研究表明，Cu填充TPI可有效提高复合材料力学性能和导热性能。当Cu体积分数提高到26％时，填料聚集形成导热链，Cu／TPI复合材料的热导率是纯TPI树脂的3．5倍；当填料含量低于10％时，Maxwell—Eucken模型适合预测复合材料热导率；基于导热链考虑的Y．Agan模型可较好地反映复合材料热导率随填料含量的变化情况；随着温度的升高，Cu／TPI复合材料热导率先增大后趋于平缓。     

层层组装法制备抗菌-阻燃型生物质基复合涂层

为了赋予皮革更多功能，提高其使用价值，以己内酰胺（CPL）改性酪素（CA）（记为CPL-CA）、壳聚糖（CS）及植酸（PA）生物质材料为原料，引入无机组分氢氧化镁（MH），采用层层组装（LBL）技术在皮革上构筑具有阻燃及抗菌性能的涂层。对构筑涂层的革样进行了FTIR、SEM及EDS表征，并对其进行了抗菌性能及阻燃性能测试。结果表明，CS的引入明显改善了涂层的抗菌性，当CS溶液质量分数为1.0%时，涂层对金黄色葡萄球菌有良好的抑菌效果。固定CPL-CA溶液，在CS溶液质量分数为1.0%、浸渍层数3层的条件下，由质量分数为1.5%MH溶液和体积分数为0.4%PA溶液制得的复合溶液构筑涂层的革样的热释放速率（HRR）峰值和热释放总量（THR）分别比未浸渍革样降低了42.31%和40.97%，表明成功制备了具有良好抗菌及阻燃性能的生物质基复合涂层。     

中空无机微珠填充PP复合材料的流动性能

应用熔体流动指数仪，考察了温度（T），载荷（P），填料含量及粒径（d)对中空无机微珠填充聚丙烯复合材料流动性的影响。结果表明，试样的熔体流动指灵敏（MI）随着T或P的增加而提高。而MI随中空无机微珠体积分数的变化不太明显。当P小于5kg时，MI随着微珠d的增加而轻微提高；而当P大于5kg后，MI则随d的增加有所下降。     

FEP/PPS复合防腐蚀涂层的研究

采用两次涂覆法研究了在金属表面制备聚备聚全氟乙丙烯（FEP）/聚苯硫醚（PPS）复合防腐蚀涂层的工艺.涂层性能测试结果表明：塑化温度为330～350 ℃时,在PPS涂层中加入5%的Cr2O3,涂层附着力较纯PPS涂层增加1级 当PPS涂层中TiO2质量分数为15%～20%时,PPS涂层的附着力最佳.FEP/PPS涂层的XPS谱图显示,涂层表面氟元素的相对质量分数随塑化时间的延长而增加 FEP与PPS的质量比（mFEP/mPPS）介于7～8的涂层,其表面的氟元素的相对质量分数与纯FEP涂层相当,可代替纯FEP涂层作为FEP/PPS复合防腐蚀涂层的面层.     

电沉积TiO2/Ni纳米复合涂层的微结构与性能

采用电沉积法制备出TiO2／Ni纳米复合涂层,考察了搅拌强度对TiO2质量分数的影响,分析了复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能和摩擦学性能。结果表明：当达到中等搅拌强度（3级）时,纳米复合涂层中TiO2的质量分数最大;当TiO2质量分数在9％-13．5％变化时,随着其质量分数的增加,摩擦因数增大,耐磨性增强;随着TiO2质量分数的增加,复合涂层的抗高温氧化性能增强,氧化温度达到了530℃。     

高岭土增强PVC/橡胶非硫化复合体系的研究

研究了橡胶种类及用量、增塑剂用量、表面处理剂种类及用量对聚氯乙烯／橡胶非硫化复合体系力学性能的影响,并用扫描电镜分析了有机胺类表面处理剂改性高岭土／聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶的界面结合状况。结果表明,当丁腈橡胶（NBR）用量为30份,增塑剂DOP用量为60份,表面处理剂1质量分数为3％,并且填有60份的高岭土时,可得到力学性能较佳的高岭土／聚氯乙烯／丁腈橡胶共混物。     

盐用PVC苫盖薄膜中增塑剂在卤水环境中迁移规律研究

研究了盐用PVC苫盖薄膜中的增塑剂在卤水中的迁移情况及时间、盐度等因素对迁移的影响;以及增塑剂迁移对薄膜力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:采用极性较大的增塑剂制作的PVC薄膜不如采用极性较小的增塑剂制作的在卤水中耐迁移。     

不同增塑体系对丁腈橡胶老化前后及胶管扣压过程性能的影响

本文主要研究了不同增塑体系对丁腈橡胶老化前后物理机械性能的影响,以热油老化后的丁腈橡胶的应力-应变曲线作为材料参数,考察不同增塑体系对丁腈胶管扣压过程中性能变化的影响;硫化特性实验结果表明:使用DOP或DOA作为增塑剂时,硫化胶转矩差值较大,使用液体丁腈或聚硫橡胶作为增塑剂时,转矩差值相对较低,其中使用聚硫橡胶作为增塑剂时,焦烧时间较短;物理机械性能实验结果表明:使用液体丁腈或聚硫橡胶作为增塑剂时,丁腈橡胶硫化胶耐热空气老化性能保持率相对较高,耐热油老化后质量体积变化率相对较低;仿真计算结果表明:使用DOP或DOA作为增塑剂时,静刚度、应变能密度及节点处Mises应力较大,使用液体丁腈或聚硫橡胶作为增塑剂时,静刚度、应变能密度及节点处Mises应力相对较小。     

高性能PVDC阻隔膜的制备及性能表征

通过单螺杆熔融挤出吹塑的方法制备了具有高阻隔性能的聚偏氯乙烯(PVDC)薄膜。研究了增塑剂环氧大豆油(ESBO)对PVDC薄膜结构与性能的影响。结果表明,当ESBO质量分数为3.5%时,其有效降低了PVDC薄膜的晶点尺寸和数量,并提高了薄膜的力学性能,同时使薄膜对水和氧的阻隔性能达到最佳。     

Performance Evaluation and Biodegradation Study of Polyvinyl Chloride Films with Castor Oil-based Plasticizer

In the present study, a renewable resource-based plasticizer was synthesized by the lipase-catalyzed esterification reaction of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and castor oil fatty acid (COFA). The resultant ester (FA-COFA ester) was used as secondary plasticizers to the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) films. The PVC films were formulated using the combination of a conventional plasticizer di-butyl phthalate (DBP) and FA-COFA ester as a secondary plasticizer at different concentrations. Films were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis, mechanical performance, and migration stability. A biodegradability study of the PVC films showed increased degradability with increasing concentration of the FA-COFA ester in the PVC film. The study showed that ester of FA and COFA could be a substitute of DBP by as much as 80% of the total plasticizer with improved elongation and tensile properties, and such a kind of sustainable resource-based PVC blend films could be used as a good packaging material with biodegradable property.     

Molecular structure of the ideal solid propellant binder

A study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between binder molecular structure and the mechanical/rheological properties of solid propellants. Beginning with the mechanical property requirements dictated by the motor grain operating conditions as well as rheological constraints imposed by available processing technology, the approach taken was to work backwards to obtain the ideal molecular structure of a solid propellant binder. Structural/processing requirements were determined from the demands of three typical rocket motor applications: space transfer, launch vehicle/ballistic missile, and tactical air-to-air. Three general formulation approaches to meet the demands of these applications were considered. These include traditional composite and nitrate ester plasticized formulation approaches, in addition to a hypothetical all-binder propellant. For each of these three formulation approaches, a variety of polymer molecular characteristics were defined in terms of molecular weight, crosslink density, solubility parameter, chain stiffness, monomeric friction coefficient, volume fraction filler, and volume fraction plasticizer. Characterization data for ten polymeric binder systems are reported to show how their molecular architecture influences the resulting propellant properties.     

淀粉/三聚氰胺增塑PVA熔融加工膜的制备及性能

以淀粉/三聚氰胺为复配增塑剂,利用熔融加工工艺制备聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜,采用差示扫描量热(DSC)、热失重分析(TG)和力学性能测试等考察了增塑剂含量对PVA膜性能的影响.结果表明,复配增塑剂能有效破坏分子链间氢键,对PVA的增塑作用明显.随增塑剂含量增大,PVA膜的力学性能和熔体质量流动速率呈先增大后减小的趋势,熔点...     

己内酰胺/氯化镁复配增塑聚乙烯醇的性能研究

采用己内酰胺/氯化镁为复配增塑剂,通过流延法制备出了增塑改性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)膜。采用DSC、TGA、XRD分析和力学性能与熔体流动性能测试的方法考察了己内酰胺/氯化镁复配增塑剂对PVA性能的影响。结果表明:氯化镁与己内酰胺复配具有良好的协同增塑效应,其对PVA的增塑效果优于单独使用己内酰胺;复配增塑剂能够有效破坏PVA分子间的氢键,降低PVA的结晶度;加入复配增塑剂后,PVA的熔点降低,热稳定性提高,熔体流动性有所改善,拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率上升。     

碳化硅/环氧树脂导热复合材料的制备与性能

采用浇铸成型法制备碳化硅/环氧树脂(SiC/EP)导热复合材料,研究了SiC种类、粒径、用量和表面改性方法对SiC/EP复合材料的导热性能、力学性能和热性能等影响。结果表明:SiC/EP复合材料的导热系数随纳米级SiC用量增加而增大,当φ(纳米级SiC)=17.80%时,导热系数为0.954 6 W/(m.K);SiC/EP复合材料的弯曲强度和冲击强度随纳米级SiC用量增加均呈先升后降态势,当φ(纳米级SiC)=3.50%时,两者均达到最大值。SiC经表面改性后可有效提高复合材料的导热性能和力学性能,并且改性SiC的加入可有效降低EP的玻璃化转变温度。     

高密度聚乙烯复合薄膜生物降解性的研究

将聚乳酸、淀粉分别与高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混,制备了具有一定降解性能的HDPE塑料薄膜。研究了聚乳酸和淀粉对HDPE薄膜力学性能、降解性能、降解后的力学性能、结晶、微观结构等的影响。结果表明:聚乳酸和淀粉能提高HDPE薄膜的力学性能,复合薄膜降解30d后力学性能会有一定程度的降低。     

New Active Packaging Based on Biopolymeric Mixture Added with Bacteriocin as Active Compound

The objective of this work was to develop a chitosan/agar-agar bioplastic film incorporated with bacteriocin that presents active potential when used as food packaging. The formulation of the film solution was determined from an experimental design, through the optimization using the desirability function. After establishing the concentrations of the biopolymers and the plasticizer, the purified bacteriocin extract of Lactobacillus sakei was added, which acts as an antibacterial agent. The films were characterized through physical, chemical, mechanical, barrier, and microbiological analyses. The mechanical properties and water vapor permeability were not altered by the addition of the extract. The swelling property decreased with the addition of the extract and the solubility increased, however, the film remained intact when in contact with the food, thus allowing an efficient barrier. Visible light protection was improved by increased opacity and antibacterial capacity was effective. When used as Minas Frescal cream cheese packaging, it contributed to the increase of microbiological stability, showing a reduction of 2.62 log UFC/g, contributing a gradual release of the active compound into the food during the storage time. The film had an active capacity that could be used as a barrier to the food, allowing it to be safely packaged.