Fe3O4/聚苯乙烯中空微球磁性复合微粒的制备及其磁流变性能的研究

用共沉淀法在聚苯乙烯（PS）中空微球表面包覆Fe3O4，制备了Fe3O4/Ps中空微球磁性复合微粒，当磁性包覆层的厚度为30～50nm时，复合微粒的室温表现密度为1．5g/cm^3，为传统磁流变液（MRF）中所用铁粉等软磁性颗粒密度（约7．9g/cm^3）的1/5，更为接近MRF中载液的密度。复合颗粒的磁滞回线比较狭长，呈软磁性，其磁性能和Fe3O4纳米颗粒相差不大。与Fe3O4颗粒相比，Fe3O4/PS中空磁性复合微粒在水载液中的沉降稳定性大大提高，复合微粒含量越高，其沉降稳定性越好。在磁性微粒含量相同的条件下，基于Fe3O4/PS中空磁性复合微粒的MRF的磁流变性能明显优于基于Fe3O4纳米微粒的MRF。     

Gd_2O_3空心微球的制备及Gd_2O_3/丁基橡胶复合材料低频阻尼性能

以分散聚合法制备的聚苯乙烯(PS)微球作为模板,通过均相沉淀法制备前驱体PS-Gd(OH)CO_3复合微球,高温煅烧后得到Gd_2O_3空心微球,将其与丁基橡胶复合制备低频高阻尼Gd_2O_3/丁基橡胶复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM、TEM分析、TG分析仪、XRD分析和XPS对Gd_2O_3空心微球的形貌与结构组成进行表征。将Gd_2O_3空心微球与粉体分别作为填料加入丁基橡胶中制备Gd_2O_3/丁基橡胶复合材料。结果表明:Gd_2O_3空心微球由立方萤石结构的颗粒组成,外空心直径为0.9μm,壳层厚度约为100nm;添加空心微球的复合材料阻尼性能较好;与纯丁基橡胶相比,Gd_2O_3/丁基橡胶复合材料的低频阻尼性能明显提高。     

TiO2-ZnO复合中空微球的制备及光催化性能

以Ti（SO₄）₂和Zn（NO₃）₂为原料,采用水热法制备TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球光催化剂。通过FTIR、XRD、SEM、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）、XPS及N₂吸附-脱附等方法对TiO₂-ZnO复合光催化剂的结构和性能进行表征,并以亚甲基蓝（MB）为目标降解物,评价TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球光催化活性。结果表明,TiO₂-ZnO光催化剂具有中空微球结构,粒径为1~2 μm,比表面积为30.46 m2/g。TiO₂的加入可提高ZnO对光的吸收,有效降低电子空穴复合率。在高压Hg灯照射下,TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球的光催化性能均高于纯ZnO,其中Zn（NO₃）₂与Ti（SO₄）₂摩尔比为1:0.7条件下制备的TiO₂-ZnO复合中空微球样品表现出较好的光催化活性,光照60 min,对MB的降解率可达95.8%,其光催化降解速率是纯ZnO的4.3倍。      

聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球的制备与表征

以NiFe2O4纳米粒子作磁性载体、苯乙烯(ST)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为原料,KH-570为交联剂,采用乳液聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球材料。通过VSM、FT-IR、SEM、TG-DTA、溶剂抽提等方法对磁性微球材料进行了测试。制备的NiFe2O4粒子为面心立方结构,NiFe2O4纳米颗粒及聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球具有超顺磁性。聚苯乙烯-SiO2/NiFe2O4磁性微球以SiO2/NiFe2O4为核、PS为壳,通过KH-570接枝到SiO2/NiFe2O4上,核壳间以共价键相接的包覆型纳米粒子,平均直径为100nm左右,具有良好的热稳定性和耐溶剂性能。热重(TG)分析表明,磁性聚苯乙烯微球磁性物质质量分数为28.8%。     

二氧化硅/MeFe_2O_4中空复合微球的制备、结构及其磁性能

采用磺酸基团官能化中空二氧化硅微球为模板,通过化学共沉淀法,将尖晶石铁氧体(MeFe2O4)包覆在中空二氧化硅微球表面,制备出二氧化硅/MeFe2O4中空复合微球。利用TEM、XRD和样品振动磁强计对中空复合微球的形貌、结构和磁性能进行表征。实验结果表明,通过调节三价铁盐与二价金属离子之间的比例可以将尖晶石铁氧体的粒径范围控制在15nm以下。所制备的复合中空微球具有优良的软磁性。当金属离子总浓度为0.10mol/L时,复合微球的饱和磁化强度可达9.75Am2/kg。     

喷射-共沉淀法合成纳米晶CoFe2O4及磁性能

用喷射-共沉淀法成功地制备了纳米晶CoFe2O4铁氧体粉料.研究了不同合成温度对产物晶体结构、微观形貌和磁性能影响.结果表明:喷射-共沉淀法制备的粉料颗粒细小均匀、形状完整.600℃下煅烧1.5h,样品晶粒尺寸为29nm左右,平均颗粒尺寸小于100nm.室温下,样品比饱和磁化强度随煅烧温度增加而增大.850℃煅烧1.5 h时,其比饱和磁化强度Ms为88.6A·m2·kg-1.当晶粒大小为29nm时,纳米晶CoFe2O4铁氧体矫顽力达到最大值64.5kA·m-1,随后又随晶粒尺寸增大而减小.这可能归因于纳米磁性材料存在强烈的晶粒尺寸效应.     

Preparation and characterization of polystyrene/polycarbonate composite hollow microspheres by microencapsulation method

Polystyrene/polycarbonate (PS/PC) composite hollow microspheres were successfully prepared via microencapsulation method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis were used for the characterization of the obtained hollow microspheres. SEM images showed that there were a big cavity and some small cavities inside the composite hollow microspheres, and the hollow microspheres prepared at 42 °C presented better morphology and smaller size distribution compared with that prepared at higher temperature of solvent evaporation. The tap density of the composite hollow microspheres increased from 0.28 g cm⁻³ at PS/PC composite concentration of 5 wt% in oil phase to 0.42 g cm⁻³ at concentration of 11.7 wt%. The mean diameter of the composite hollow microspheres ranged from 13 to 528 μm. It increased with an increase in the concentration of composite in oil phase and decreased with increasing the second rotating speed. Thermal analysis showed that the composite hollow had thermal stability below 358 °C.     

Preparation and magnetic properties of barium ferrite fineparticles by the coprecipitation salt-catalysis method

The authors describe catalytic action by NaCl in the reaction between α-Fe₂O₃ and BaCO₃ and the development of a new process for manufacturing barium ferrite fine particles. Pure α-FeOOH and reagent-grade BaCO₃ are mixed and heated at temperatures from 300 to 800°C with and without NaCl. The BaCO₃ and α-Fe₂O₃ powders which are formed during heating react and change to barium ferrite at temperatures 100°C lower than NaCl than without it. A hematite defect structure is maintained up to a relatively high temperature due to the presence of the salt, which promotes the formation of barium ferrite. The manufacturing process involves mixing an aqueous solution of metallic chlorides with a mixture of NaOH and Na ₂CO₃. This alkaline coprecipitate slurry is then neutralized by HCl solution, filtered, and dried. The dried powder, containing salts produced by the reaction, is heated at 840°C. After the salts are dissolved in water, barium ferrite fine particles are obtained     

空心玻璃微珠/PP复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用共混与注塑工艺制备出空心玻璃微珠/PP复合材料.通过高倍偏光显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对材料的结构进行了表征,重点研究了未改性与改性的空心玻璃微珠对PP复合材料力学性能影响.结果表明:改性后的空心玻璃微珠在PP复合材料中分散均匀而且具有致密的内部结构,并明显的改善复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度,最佳填充量为15%.     

空心玻璃微珠/PS隔热材料的制备及其性能

采用原位聚合方法制备以聚苯乙烯为基体掺杂一定量中空玻璃微珠的复合材料.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM),原子力显微镜(AFM),紫外可见光分光光度计(UVPC),热导率常数测试仪(TCCT)等主要对样品材料的形貌,反射率,热导率,吸水率等性能进行表征和分析,研究其隔热机理.结果表明:玻璃微珠在聚苯乙烯基体中分散均匀;添加玻璃微珠后,材料的热导率随着玻璃微珠量的增加呈先下降后上升继而又下降的趋势;材料的反射率有着明显的提高,在可见光波段基本可达90％以上,且随着玻璃微珠含量的增加总体上是先上升继而趋于平缓;由热导率和反射率的数据说明该材料的隔热机理是阻隔型和反射型的综合作用.     

PTF敏化TiO_2中空微球的制备及可见光催化性能

分别以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)微球和9-苯基-2,3,7-三羟基-6-荧光酮(PTF)为模板和敏化剂,将水热法与浸渍法相结合,合成了一种新颖的染料敏化TiO2中空微球(PTF-h-TiO2)。通过SEM、FT-IR、XRD、UV-Vis DRS等技术对样品的结构形貌进行表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)、氯霉素(CAP)为模型反应,分别考察了水热时间、水热温度、模板添加量和煅烧温度对h-TiO2光催化性能的影响,并评价了h-TiO2和PTFh-TiO2的紫外-可见光催化活性。结果表明,当模板添加量为5%(质量分数),水热时间6 h,水热温度120℃及煅烧温度500℃时,h-TiO2具有优异的紫外-可见光催化活性,由此制得的PTF-h-TiO2微球具有良好的可见光催化活性。在氙灯(150 W,400 nm)照射下,PTF-h-TiO2催化降解10 mg/L MB溶液,50 min,其降解率可达98.1%;降解20 mg/L CAP,120 min,其降解率达86.9%。     

Ag-TiO_2空心复合微球制备及其光催化性能

为了提高空心TiO2的光催化活性和拓展其对可见光的响应,以聚苯乙烯为模板合成TiO2空心微球,再通过KBH4还原AgNO3,制备了TiO2空心壳层表面载有Ag单质粒子的复合微球。利用SEM、TEM、XRD和EDS对Ag-TiO2空心微球的形貌结构和组成进行表征,并以有机染料罗丹明B(RhB)为目标降解物,研究该复合微球的光催化性能。在紫外光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球2h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高23.8%;在可见光下,载银量为2%的Ag-TiO2复合微球在6h内对RhB的降解率比同条件下空心TiO2提高28.2%。结果表明,壳层表面载有适量Ag单质粒子的空心TiO2复合微球,其光催化活性和对可见光的响应显著高于纯空心TiO2微球。     

化学共沉淀法制备NiCuZn铁氧体微粉及其磁性能

采用预烧氧化法(化学共沉淀法制备的前驱体在高温下预烧)制备了NiCuZn铁氧体微粉。结果表明,预烧氧化法制备的NiCuZn铁氧体微粉平均晶粒尺寸约为44.1nm。随着预烧温度升高,样品D50增大。当预烧温度为850℃时,平均颗粒尺寸为2μm左右,比饱和磁化强度为62A.m2/kg,起始磁导率约为90,损耗也较小,截止频率为59MHz。     

Preparation and characterization of hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres by spray drying method

Hollow hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀(PO₄)₆(OH)₂) microspheres were prepared using a simple spray drying method. The incorporation of ammonium bicarbonate could produce carbon dioxide and ammonia gas bubbles during the spraying, and thus created a hollow inner structure in the resultant microspheres. The hollow microspheres prepared using different amounts of ammonium bicarbonate were also characterized. These microspheres were composed of nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 15 nm. A high surface area (80 m²/g) and porosity of the microspheres could be achieved when the concentration of ammonium bicarbonate was about 5 wt.%. Fourier transform infrared results showed that CO₃^2? was incorporated into the HA microspheres. These hollow microspheres have many potential uses such as injectable drug-delivery carriers.     

空心玻璃微珠/硬质聚氨酯泡沫复合材料的制备及性能

以空心玻璃微珠(HGM)为添加剂,采用一步法全水发泡制备了一系列HGM/硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF)复合材料。通过SEM、TG、极限氧指数(LOI)和水平燃烧,研究了HGM/RPUF复合材料的泡孔结构、炭层形貌、热稳定性及阻燃性能。采用万能材料试验机测试了HGM/RPUF复合材料的压缩强度和压缩弹性模量。采用热重-傅里叶红外光谱(TG-FTIR)研究了HGM/RPUF复合材料燃烧过程中的气相产物。研究表明,HGM有成核剂作用,可以缩小HGM/RPUF复合材料泡孔孔径。HGM在燃烧过程中迁移到炭层表面,促进形成致密厚实的炭层。当加入5.4wt% HGM时,HGM/RPUF复合材料的压缩强度及压缩弹性模量分别提高至0.14 MPa和4.53 MPa,相对RPUF,分别提高了37.30%和67.16%。同时发现,HGM能明显抑制HGM/RPUF复合材料在燃烧过程中CO的释放,有效提高了其火灾安全性。      

水热法制备高反射率TiO2壳层中空玻璃微球

以钛酸四丁酯、盐酸、去离子水、中空玻璃微球(HGM)为原料,乙醇为溶剂,采用水热合成法制备了高反射率的锐钛矿型TiO₂壳层HGM(HGM@TiO₂)。采用SEM、EDS、FTIR、XRD、UV-VIS-NIR、导热系数仪研究了钛酸四丁酯用量对微球的表面形貌、表面化学成分、物相结构、反射性能、导热系数的影响。结果表明:锐钛矿型TiO₂成功包覆于HGM表面,包覆形貌完整且均匀,并且包覆层厚度随着钛源用量的增加而变厚;与原始HGM相比,HGM@TiO₂的导热系数有小幅上升,最大上升幅度仅为0.007 W/(m·K),证明TiO₂的包覆对HGM的隔热性能的影响不大;包覆后的HGM的光谱反射率在可见光波段和近红外波段的反射率得到大幅提升,最大提升幅度为13%,HGM@TiO₂的最高反射率达到90%以上。      

Facile synthesis,magnetic and optical properties of double-shelled Co3O4 hollow microspheres

Double-shelled Co₃O₄ hollow spheres are successfully synthesized by chemically induced self-assembly in the hydrothermal environment. The morphology, chemical composition, and crystalline structure of the double-shelled Co₃O₄ hollow spheres are characterized by different techniques, such as powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Raman spectrum, X-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), and high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) with selected area electron diffraction (SAED). Magnetic measurements and optical spectra suggest the double-shelled Co₃O₄ hollow spheres exhibit close to a weak ferromagnetic behaviour and enhanced photogenerated carrier separation. Since this synthetic route is simple, convenient, and “green”, it is possible to extend this synthetic method to preparation of a wide range of the multishelled hollow spheres of metal oxides for semiconductor device applications.     

Fabrication of hollow mesoporous NiO hexagonal microspheres via hydrothermal process in ionic liquid

The novel NiO hexagonal hollow microspheres have been successfully prepared by annealing Ni(OH)₂, which was synthesized via an ionic liquid-assisted hydrothermal method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N₂ adsorption-desorption and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). The results show that the hollow NiO microstructures are self-organized by mesoporous cubic and hexagonal nanocrystals. The mesoporous structure possessed good thermal stability and high specific surface area (ca. 83 m²/g). The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim][BF₄]) was found to play a key role in controlling the morphology of NiO microstructures during the hydrothermal process. The special hollow mesoporous architectures will have potential applications in many fields, such as catalysts, absorbents, sensors, drug-delivery carriers, acoustic insulators and supercapacitors.     

Fabrication of CuO/Fe2O3 hollow hybrid microspheres

CuO/Fe₂O₃ hollow hybrid spheres with the size of 3–5 μm were successfully synthesized by a convenient hydrothermal method, using FeSO₄·7H₂O and CuSO₄·5H₂O as the starting materials and urea as the homogeneous precipitant. The samples were characterized by XRD, TEM, ED, SEM, EDX, IR and XPS measurements. XRD and XPS analyses indicated that the nanostructured materials consisted of CuO and α-Fe₂O₃. TEM and SEM measurements showed that the morphology of binary metal oxide was in the shape of hollow sphere. Careful observation from SEM measurements could find that CuO/Fe₂O₃ hollow microsphere shell was composed of uniform and dense metal oxide nanorods with about 20–40 nm in diameter and 100–200 nm in length. Moreover, the influence of calcination temperature on the thermal stability of the hollow structures was investigated. It showed that the hollow structure was stable after being calcined at 300 °C for 2 h. The formation mechanism of the CuO/Fe₂O₃ hollow spheres under hydrothermal condition was discussed.     

Preparation of PS/TiO2 core-shell microspheres and TiO2 hollow shells

PS/TiO₂ core-shell microspheres were prepared by a hydro-thermal method at 105°C. Different-sized PS/TiO₂ core-shell microspheres were obtained with various PS cores, which were prepared by emulsion polymerization and seeds polymerization. Furthermore, intact hollow TiO₂ shells with different shell thickness were obtained by calcining PS/TiO₂ core-shell microspheres at 600°C. Light scattering of core-shell microspheres and hollow shells was tested.