相变储能材料在节能建筑中的应用

根据相变储能材料的自身特点,介绍了相变储能材料在节能建筑中的应用,分别对相变储能材料在建筑围护结构、供暖系统、空调系统中的应用情况进行了概括和评述,并在此基础上探讨了相变储能材料的研究方向和未来的发展趋势。     

相变材料在建筑围护结构中的应用

在研究和总结了近些年相变材料在建筑维护结构中的应用及进展后,通过分析研究分析,本文对相变材料在建筑中的应用价值、选取原则及制备工艺进行了概述,并对相变材料在建筑围护结构中的储能性能存在的问题进行了分析和总结,提出了相变材料在今后建筑围护结构中研究方向。     

相变蓄热围护结构实验研究

文章阐述相变材料在建筑围护结构中的几种应用,介绍相变材料墙体实验室,通过对比实验,测试相变材料对墙体蓄热性能的影响。经过实验数据分析,总结相变材料的应用效果及存在的一些问题,对相变温度的选择做出定性判断,对相变蓄能在建筑中的应用前景和研究方向进行预测。     

相变材料在电供暖建筑中的可能性研究

介绍了相变材料储热的机理及特点 ,应用于寒区电供暖建筑中的相变材料的选择 ,以及相变墙体的产生对寒区电供暖系统建筑发展的意义 ,并对相变材料在建筑节能的应用技术进行了展望 ,为在我国北方寒区建筑电采暖领域推广使用 ,提出了一些可行性分析依据     

建筑相变材料及其封存方式浅析

基于相变材料储能机理上,对建筑相变材料应用及封装方式进行分析,着重关注了微胶囊技术相变焓的变化情况,同时对未来应用于建筑领域的相变材料封装方式提出建议与措施。     

相变蓄能材料在建筑节能领域的应用研究

介绍了应用于建筑节能领域的相变蓄能材料,探讨了相变蓄能材料在建筑围护结构、相变蓄热供暖系统与相变蓄冷空调系统中的应用。研究表明,相变蓄能材料在建筑领域的应用可以有效地利用太阳能等清洁型能源,缓解建筑物热量供需双方不平衡矛盾,提高室内舒适度,减小建筑能源消耗。总结并展望了未来相变蓄能材料在节能建筑领域应用的研究方向和发展前景。     

相变材料应用于建筑外墙的保温效果试验研究

对相变材料在上海地区气候条件下的围护结构内外表面温度波动情况进行研究。对比试验相变材料和传统建筑保温材料应用于试验房中的节能效果和室内热环境,分析不同应用模式下的相变储能围护结构应用效果,得出上海地区冬季和夏季相变材料应用于建筑外墙的不同保温效果。这些可给相变材料应用于上海地区气候条件下的建筑外墙保温效果研究提供参考。     

相变储能砂浆的制备和力学性能试验研究

以石蜡为相变材料,膨胀珍珠岩做支撑基体,制备了膨胀珍珠岩-石蜡复合相变材料,采用苯丙乳液对复合相变材料封装,利用封装后的复合相变材料替代部分细骨料制备了相变储能砂浆,并对其力学性能进行了试验研究。结果表明:苯丙乳液对复合相变材料有很好的封装作用;随着复合相变材料替代率的增大,相变储能砂浆的力学性能下降;当复合相变材料替代率为70%时,相变储能砂浆的抗压强度为12.7 MPa,满足规范中对建筑围护结构砂浆的要求。研究成果可为相变材料在建筑中的应用提供参考。     

相变材料(PCM)在工业建筑节能中的应用

介绍了相变材料的主要性能,结合工业建筑的特点和基本要求,阐述了相变材料在工业建筑围护结构与采暖空调中的应用,并针对相变材料在实际应用中存在的问题,提出了相变材料的研究方向。     

相变材料建筑节能应用效果的实验及数值模拟研究

相变材料具有高效的能量储存功能,与建筑材料复合制成有蓄热功能的新型节能建筑材料后,可应用在建筑结构中,发挥相变蓄热功能,控制建筑室内温度波动,增强建筑舒适度,更加有效地实现建筑节能。通过介绍相变蓄热建筑材料在建筑上的应用现状,对相变材料建筑节能效果进行实验模拟,阐述借助数值模拟软件和数学建模等手段进行数值模拟的研究方法和发展现状,提出相变材料建筑节能应用效果的研究方法和研究内容所存在的不足及发展潜力。     

Phase change materials for building applications: A state-of-the-art review

Phase change materials (PCMs) are regarded as a possible solution for reducing the energy consumption of buildings. By storing and releasing heat within a certain temperature range, it raises the building inertia and stabilizes indoor climate. Within this work, a state-of-the-art review is given on the knowledge of PCMs today for building applications.     

The effectiveness of phase change materials in relation to summer thermal comfort in air-conditioned office buildings

The incorporation of Phase Change Materials (PCMs) into the opaque envelope of lightweight buildings is a good solution to compensate for the small thermal inertia, which usually entails pronounced overheating and high space cooling load in summer. However, the position and the thickness of the PCMs, as well as their thermal properties, must be attentively selected in order to ensure their effective operation. This paper shows a comprehensive investigation about the effectiveness of a commercial PCM, available in the form of mats, when installed within drywall partition systems in air-conditioned lightweight office buildings. The study is based on dynamic simulations carried out with EnergyPlus on a typical office building, with the aim to calculate the indoor operative temperature and the cooling load under thermostatic control. The performance for the base case (without PCM) is then compared with the case where PCM mats with various thickness and melting temperature are applied. The analysis is repeated in three different locations, ranging from Southern Europe (Rome, Italy), Continental Europe (Wien, Austria) and Northern Europe (London, UK). The results of the simulations highlight that in lightweight air-conditioned office buildings PCMs contribute to attenuate the inside surface temperature peak by around 0.5 °C, while also reducing the peak cooling load by 10% or even 15%, depending on the PCM thickness and on the outdoor climate. The conclusions may help designers to make the correct choices in terms of thickness of the PCMs, scheduled rate of nighttime ventilation and value of the peak melting temperature.     

Thermal testing and numerical simulation of a prototype cell using light wallboards coupling vacuum isolation panels and phase change material

Light envelopes are more and more frequently used in modern buildings but they do not present sufficient thermal inertia. A solution to increase this inertia is to incorporate a phase change material (PCM) in this envelope. This paper presents the performance of a test-cell with a new structure of light wallboards containing PCMs submitted to climatic variation and a comparison is made with a test-cell without PCMs. To improve the wallboard efficiency a vacuum insulation panel (VIP) was associated to the PCM panel. This new structure allows the apparent heat capacity of the building to be increased, the solar energy transmitted by windows to be stored without raising the indoor cell temperature, and the thickness of the wallboard to be decreased compared with that of traditional wallboards. An experimental study was carried out by measuring temperature and heat fluxes on and through the wallboards. The indoor temperature, which has a special importance for occupants, was also measured.A numerical simulation with the TRNSYS software was carried out in adding a new module representing the new wallboard. It showed a good agreement with experimental results. This new tool will allow users to simulate the thermal behaviour of buildings having walls with PCMs.     

Application of latent heat thermal energy storage in buildings: State-of-the-art and outlook

Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) is becoming more and more attractive for space heating and cooling of buildings. The application of LHTES in buildings has the following advantages: (1) the ability to narrow the gap between the peak and off-peak loads of electricity demand; (2) the ability to save operative fees by shifting the electrical consumption from peak periods to off-peak periods since the cost of electricity at night is 1/3–1/5 of that during the day; (3) the ability to utilize solar energy continuously, storing solar energy during the day, and releasing it at night, particularly for space heating in winter by reducing diurnal temperature fluctuation thus improving the degree of thermal comfort; (4) the ability to store the natural cooling by ventilation at night in summer and to release it to decrease the room temperature during the day, thus reducing the cooling load of air conditioning. This paper investigates previous work on thermal energy storage by incorporating phase change materials (PCMs) in the building envelope. The basic principle, candidate PCMs and their thermophysical properties, incorporation methods, thermal analyses of the use of PCMs in walls, floor, ceiling and window etc. and heat transfer enhancement are discussed. We show that with suitable PCMs and a suitable incorporation method with building material, LHTES can be economically efficient for heating and cooling buildings. However, several problems need to be tackled before LHTES can reliably and practically be applied. We conclude with some suggestions for future work.     

苏州市既有公共建筑运行能耗调查与分析

通过对苏州市既有公共建筑运行能耗进行调查统计及室内环境测试,并对数据进行系统分析,反映苏州市大型公共建筑的部分实际能耗状况,在此基础上提出节能改造措施,对苏州市既有公共建筑节能改造有一定的参考价值。     

相变蓄能建筑材料的研究与发展

相变材料可以与传统建材复合成具有蓄热和调温功能的新型建筑材料.总结相变材料在建筑中的研究与发展情况,介绍相变蓄能材料的选择标准和复合工艺,简要分析相变材料的主要性质,并对相变蓄能建筑材料今后的研究和发展进行探讨.     

浅议色彩与医疗建筑室内设计

着眼于色彩对人心理（生理）的治疗作用,探讨了色彩在医疗建筑室内环境中的应用,指出建筑师应打破单一单调的医院室内色彩环境,积极大胆地探索不同色彩在医疗建筑室内的应用,设计出有特色的医疗室内色彩环境。     

Radiochemical indoor environment and possible health risks in current building technology

Tremendous work of civil and environmental engineering has been focused on development of sustainable buildings. From economical and ecological viewpoint, this approach is a significant step forward, but the microenvironment created in such living surroundings may present a complex radiochemical setting, which could be a threat to the health of its occupants. This paper gives overview about levels of indoor radon, insight in risks related with radioactivity of fly ash and zircon, current application of nanoparticles and concrete additives in buildings and their possible impact on human health. As construction engineering is current producer of almost 50% of waste encouragement of incorporation of toxic and radioactive agents in buildings could in future demand redefinition of building construction waste as hazardous and special waste disposals. Collaboration between governmental and non-governmental bodies, manufacturers, scientific institutions, and chartered engineers is needed in order to find balance between quality of indoor air, and to enable maintaining of high health standards by application of non-toxic or non-carcinogenic building materials that meet energy efficiency, building structure stability and security requirements.     

室内环境与自然通风

通风的目的是保证室内良好的空气品质,采用自然通风方式是生态建筑设计的重要内容,通过良好的自然通风组织减少对空调的利用,并及时将污染物排出,改善室内空气品质。在热舒适方面,自然通风形成的室内热环境有利于人体舒适性。分析了生态建筑中自然通风对室内空气品质与室内热环境产生的影响,探讨了利用自然通风来改善建筑的室内环境的效果和策略,并提出了相应的设计方法。研究结果表明:组织合理的自然通风,可以有效地改善室内的空气品质和室内热环境。