铝矾土改性竹粉/HDPE复合材料性能

为制备高性能的木塑复合材料,扩展其应用领域,采用A-171硅烷偶联剂对竹粉进行表面改性,并添加一定量的铝矾土,经热压成型制备了竹粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料。分析了铝矾土用量对竹粉/HDPE复合材料力学性能、耐热性和摩擦性能的影响。采用XRD分析了铝矾土的结晶特性,利用SEM和EDS分析了竹粉/HDPE复合材料的断面形貌和表面元素分布情况。结果表明:加入适量铝矾土后,竹粉/HDPE复合材料的力学强度、耐热性及耐磨性能得以改善。铝矾土在竹粉/HDPE复合材料基体中分布均匀,可有效承担载荷,同时提高了竹粉/HDPE复合材料的结晶性能,降低了竹粉/HDPE复合材料在外在应力下引起的变形和破坏;但铝矾土用量过高,分布不均匀,容易形成团聚现象,导致竹粉/HDPE复合材料的力学强度和耐磨性降低,线性热膨胀系数增大。     

基于数字图像相关技术的木纤维/高密度聚乙烯复合材料界面力学行为

以木纤维/高密度聚乙烯(WF/HDPE)复合材料界面应变为研究对象,采用数字图像相关技术(DIC)探究WF(质量分数为10wt%~40wt%)及改性聚磷酸铵(mAPP)阻燃剂(质量分数为10wt%~25wt%)对WF/HDPE复合材料应变分布及传递的演变规律,并结合力学性能测试和SEM对其拉伸性能、冲击性能、界面结合进行分析。结果表明:随着WF添加量从10wt%增至30wt%,WF/HDPE复合材料应变传递较为平稳,由受力两端向复合材料轴中心均匀传递,当WF添加量为30wt%时,高应变在复合材料上约1/2区域得到了有效传递,此时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达21.5 MPa和10.22 kJ/m2。但当WF添加量增加至40wt%时,WF/HDPE复合材料的拉伸承载端部出现应力集中,阻碍了其内部应变的均匀传递。mAPP阻燃剂加剧了WF与HDPE界面间的脱粘行为,削弱了WF与HDPE之间的机械啮合作用力。当mAPP阻燃剂添加量从10wt%增加至25wt%时,WF/HDPE复合材料开始出现多个分散的高应变区域,全场应变传递出现不规则分布。当mAPP阻燃剂添加量达25wt%时,WF/HDPE复合材料应变分布呈两极化趋势,导致复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别降低为15.5 MPa和5.49 kJ/m2。      

四种植物纤维/高密度聚乙烯木塑复合材料耐海水腐蚀性能比较

为比较桉木、杨木、竹粉和稻壳为改性相的高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）基四种木塑复合材料耐海水腐蚀性能,对其进行模拟海水加速腐蚀试验,测试四种HDPE基木塑复合材料腐蚀前后力学性能和色差值,分析其腐蚀前后微观形貌和官能团变化。结果表明:模拟海水腐蚀导致四种HDPE基木塑复合材料两相结合质量变差（裂隙和空洞增多）,力学性能下降,色差值变大（桉木/HDPE、杨木/HDPE和稻壳/HDPE复合材料趋于变白、变黄和变绿,竹粉/HDPE复合材料趋于变白、变蓝和变绿）,羟基含量增多。模拟海水腐蚀21天,四种HDPE基木塑复合材料弯曲强度和弯曲模量降幅为:桉木/HDPE复合材料分别为12.94%和23.18%;竹粉/HDPE复合材料分别为15.45%和23.20%;稻壳/HDPE复合材料分别为18.53%和25.15%,杨木/HDPE复合材料分别为18.52%和34.21%。模拟海水腐蚀后,力学性能下降和颜色变化及断面裂隙和孔洞缺陷最少的是桉木/HDPE复合材料,最多的是杨木/HDPE复合材料。      

玻璃纤维/木塑混杂复合材料及其协同增强效应

将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)回收后与废弃的木纤维以及短切玻璃纤维进行复合,成功地制备出混杂型木塑复合材料。研究结果表明,采用长径比较大的L型玻璃纤维增强时,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量以及冲击强度同时得到提高,而采用长径比较小的玻璃纤维增强时,弯曲性能和冲击强度均呈现下降趋势。玻璃纤维增强木塑复合材料的主要破坏模式为玻璃纤维的拔出、玻璃纤维断裂、界面脱粘等。在玻璃纤维/木纤维/HDPE混杂体系中由于组元之间的协同增强作用,形成了特殊的三维网络结构,木塑复合材料的力学性能得到显著改善。     

木薯秸秆/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能研究

目的 探讨木薯秸秆粉的粒径和含量对复合材料物理力学性能及界面结合的影响,以期提高废弃木薯秸秆的利用率。方法 以木薯秸秆粉为增强体,高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）为基体,马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAPE）为偶联剂制备木塑复合材料。对木塑复合材料进行拉伸性能、弯曲性能、缺口冲击强度以及吸水性测试,并利用电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料断面微观结构进行观察和分析。结果 随着秸秆粉含量的增大,拉伸强度和弯曲强度在整体上呈现出增大的趋势,最大值分别可以达到32.5 MPa和49.6MPa,而缺口冲击强度不断下降;当粒径减小时,材料的拉伸强度呈现先下降而后升高的趋势,弯曲强度区别不大,而缺口冲击强度则整体上呈现降低的趋势。当秸秆粉的含量降低、粒径减小时,复合材料表现出较好耐水性能。结论 秸秆粉质量分数为60%,粒径为40～60目时复合材料具有较优异的综合性能,相关性能超过GB/T 24137—2009《木塑装饰板》的使用标准。     

彩色木塑复合材料的老化性能

向桦木粉/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料中添加白色、黄色和红色着色剂,采用热压成型工艺制备彩色木塑复合材料。研究着色剂种类及含量对木塑复合材料力学性能和表面颜色的影响,同时分别考察彩色木塑复合材料在户外自然老化和紫外光加速老化箱中的老化情况,分析讨论其老化机制。结果表明:添加着色剂可提高木塑复合材料的力学性能,改善材料的外观颜色;木塑复合材料的力学强度和总色差随着色剂用量的增加而逐渐增大,当着色剂用量为3.5wt%时,复合材料的性能达到最佳;木塑复合材料经老化实验后表面褪色明显且力学强度显著降低,但自然老化后其性能下降更明显。这主要是因为木塑复合材料在老化过程中,不仅受到紫外光的照射发生了光降解,而且长期被雨水冲刷导致材料表面的桦木纤维及着色剂大量剥落,降低了材料界面结合强度,从而导致材料性能明显下降。     

碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的制备与性能表征

为制备低电阻率的尼龙66基复合材料,以碳纤维和镍粉(Ni)填充尼龙66制备碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66高导电复合材料。研究填料表面改性和含量对碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:KH550改性碳纤维和Ni有助于降低碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率随着碳纤维和Ni含量的增加而减小,且碳纤维和Ni填充尼龙66的导电逾渗阈值均为20wt%,此时制备的碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率为455Ω·cm,熔融温度为202.2℃。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度随着碳纤维或Ni含量的增加而先增大后减小。当Ni含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度在碳纤维含量分别为20wt%和10wt%时达到最大值,分别为98MPa和70 MPa;当碳纤维含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度则在Ni含量为30wt%和20wt%时达到最大值,分别为120 MPa和67 MPa。     

单向连续竹青纤维填充量对不饱和聚酯树脂力学性能及微观形貌的影响

以单向连续竹青纤维（OBF）和不饱和聚酯树脂（UP）制备了单向OBF/UP复合材料,研究了OBF含量对OBF/UP复合材料纵向静态力学性能及动态力学性能的影响,并采用SEM观察了复合材料拉伸断面处界面结合情况。结果表明:随着OBF含量的增加,OBF/UP复合材料静态力学性能呈先增加后减小趋势,当OBF含量为50wt%时,复合材料拉伸、弯曲性能最优,拉伸强度、拉伸模量、弯曲强度、弯曲模量分别达到285.52 MPa、16.06 GPa、359.80 MPa、27.32 GPa;OBF/UP复合材料存储模量随OBF含量增加呈先增加后减小趋势,当OBF含量为50wt%时,OBF/UP复合材料存储模量最大,且随着OBF含量的增加,OBF/UP复合材料玻璃化转变温度向低温方向移动,损耗峰变宽;断面处微观形貌表明,OBF含量为50wt%时,复合材料界面结合强度较好。制备的OBF/UP复合材料力学性能优良,有潜力取代玻璃纤维增强树脂复合材料在风电叶片材料、公路防护栏材料、船舶材料等领域的应用。      

纤维含量对黄麻纤维增强树脂基复合材料力学与热性能的影响

为研发低碳、节能、性能优异的麻纤维增强树脂绿色复合材料并扩展其应用领域,本文采用团队发明的氨基硅油乳液对黄麻纤维(JF)进行表面改性,运用开炼-注塑成型复合工艺研制了纤维含量为10wt%～25wt%的改性黄麻纤维增强聚丙烯(JF/PP)新型复合材料,系统全面地研究了改性麻纤维含量对JF/PP复合材料力学性能、结晶行为、耐热性能(热变形温度)及热尺寸稳定性(线膨胀系数)的影响规律及相关作用机制,并采用接触角测试分析与SEM技术分析了复合材料界面相容性与结合状态。结果表明：氨基硅油乳液改性JF,增强了JF与PP基体的界面结合力。随着纤维含量的增加,JF/PP复合材料的拉伸和弯曲强度逐渐增加,而冲击强度则有所降低。DSC、热变形温度和线膨胀系数测试分析表明,添加改性JF能够促进PP异相成核,并限制PP分子链的运动能力,从而提高JF/PP复合材料的耐热性能,且随着纤维含量增加,耐热性能呈不断上升趋势。当改性JF含量为25wt%时,JF/PP复合材料的热变形温度为142.5℃,较纯PP提高了53.5%。同时,复合材料平均线膨胀系数随纤维含量增加而明显降低,表明复合材料的热尺寸稳定性显著提高。相比...     

壳聚糖改性竹粉/PVC复合材料的制备和性能

壳聚糖、竹粉和PVC等按一定比例混合,用挤出成型法制备了竹粉/PVC复合材料。考察了壳聚糖添加量对复合材料物理力学性能、热稳定性、防水性能和防腐性能的影响。结果表明,适量壳聚糖的添加,可以改善复合材料的综合性能。且当壳聚糖含量为3wt%时复合材料的性能最佳,与未添加壳聚糖的复合材料相比,其拉伸强度、冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了44.7%、58.2%和79.6%,腐蚀前8天的吸水率从2.2%降低为1.6%,被白腐菌和褐腐菌腐蚀后材料的质量损失率分别降低了94.1%和75.0%。     

Dimensional stability and mechanical behaviour of wood–plastic composites based on recycled and virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE)

This paper investigated the stability, mechanical properties, and the microstructure of wood–plastic composites, which were made using either recycled or virgin high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with wood flour (Pinus radiata) as filler. The post-consumer HDPE was collected from plastics recycling plant and sawdust was obtained from a local sawmill. Composite panels were made from recycled HDPE through hot-press moulding exhibited excellent dimensional stability as compared to that made from virgin HDPE. The tensile and flexural properties of the composites based on recycled HDPE were equivalent to those based on virgin HDPE. Adding maleated polypropylene (MAPP) by 3–5 wt% in the composite formulation significantly improved both the stability and mechanical properties. Microstructure analysis of the fractured surfaces of MAPP modified composites confirmed improved interfacial bonding. Dimensional stability and strength properties of the composites can be improved by increasing the polymer content or by addition of coupling agent. This project has shown that the composites treated with coupling agents will be desirable as building materials due to their improved stability and strength properties.     

超高填充聚丙烯基木塑复合材料高低温性能

为了充分降低成本,增加环境友好性并获得良好的木质感,以杨木纤维和毛竹纤维为原料,通过挤出成型制备超高填充聚丙烯基木塑复合材料(UH-WPCs)。基于聚丙烯基体含量的大幅降低,对比分析了填充量和木质纤维种类对UH-WPCs高低温力学性能、高低温蠕变性能、热膨胀性能、尺寸稳定性及吸水性能的影响。结果表明,随着填充量从75wt%增加到90wt%,其线性热膨胀系数大幅降低,蠕变应变逐渐减小而在90wt%时增大;拉伸模量和弯曲模量随填充量的增加先升高而后在90wt%时下降;拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度随着填充量的增加逐渐降低;在低温?30℃时UH-WPCs的拉伸和弯曲性能较高,高温60℃时冲击韧性较好。温度、湿度及含水率变化均导致UH-WPCs尺寸变化,其中厚度方向尺寸变化率最大,其次为宽度方向,长度方向最小,表现出明显的各向异性;湿度对UH-WPCs的尺寸稳定性的影响远大于温度的作用。杨木基UH-WPCs综合性能优于毛竹基UH-WPCs,这与杨木纤维具有更大的长径比及良好的界面结合有关。UH-WPCs的研究为降低WPCs生产成本和拓宽其应用领域提供了理论依据。      

Polybutene as a matrix for wood plastic composites

This study examined the feasibility of using polybutene-1 (PB-1), a ductile plastic, as a matrix for manufacturing wood plastic composites (WPCs) with improved toughness and ductility compared to currently commercialized WPCs. The processability, tensile, flexural, and impact properties of injection molded PB-1/wood-flour composite samples with varying proportions of wood flour were characterized. Analysis also included the morphology of fractured samples surface and adhesion between the polymer and wood flour using SEM. Comparisons of the mechanical properties and adhesion in the PB-1 composites to those of HDPE and PP-based WPCs found the composites made with PB-1 matrix significantly inferior in strength and stiffness (both in tensile and flexural) than their counterparts made of HDPE and PP matrices. In contrast, the processability, elongation at break, impact strength and adhesion in PB-1/wood-flour composites, superior to those of HDPE and PP, confirmed their suitability for use as a matrix in composites intended for applications subjected to high impacts.     

Mechanical,thermal expansion,and flammability properties of co-extruded wood polymer composites with basalt fiber reinforced shells

Basalt fiber (BF) filled high density polyethylene (HDPE) and co-extruded wood plastic composites (WPCs) with BF/HDPE composite shell were successfully prepared and their mechanical, morphological and thermal properties characterized. The BFs had an average diameter of 7 μm with an organic surfactant surface coating, which was thermally decomposed at about 210 °C. Incorporating BFs into HDPE matrix substantially enhanced flexural, tensile and dynamic modulus without causing a noticeable decrease in the tensile and impact strength of the composites. Micromechanical modeling of tensile properties for the BF/HDPE composites showed a good fit of the selected models to the experimental data. Compared to neat HDPE, BF/HDPE composites had reduced linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) values. The use of the pure HDPE and BF/HDPE layers over a WPC core greatly improved impact strength of core–shell structured composites. However, the relatively less-stiff HDPE shell with large LCTE values decreased the overall composite modulus and thermal stability. Both flexural and thermal expansion properties were enhanced with BF reinforced HDPE shells, leading to well-balanced properties of core–shell structured material. Cone calorimetry analysis indicated that flammability performance of core–shell structured composites was improved as the BF content increased in the shell layer.     

短切碳纤维表面处理对木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料性能的影响

木粉（WF）填充增强高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）复合材料具有良好的环境效益,少量引入短切碳纤维（SCF）可进一步提高其力学性能。为改善SCF与WF/HDPE复合材料中塑料基体的界面结合,提高SCF在WF/HDPE复合材料中的增强作用,采用气相、液相及气液双效氧化3种表面处理方式处理SCF,通过挤出工艺制备短切碳纤维增强木粉/高密度聚乙烯复合材料（SCF-WF/HDPE）,探讨了不同处理方法对SCF-WF/HDPE复合材料性能的影响。SEM观察显示,表面处理增大了SCF的表面粗糙度,可提高其与基体的界面结合;动态力学性能分析证实碳纤维提高了存储模量。测试结果表明：表面处理过的短切碳纤维可使SCF-WF/HDPE复合材料的力学性能、热力学性能和蠕变性能均得到显著提高,其中气相表面处理的效果最好。对比WF/HDPE复合材料,SCF-WF/HDPE的拉伸强度提高了34.5%,弯曲强度提高了23%,冲击强度提高了54.7%。     

木粉含量对木粉-淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

以杨木粉、玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,甘油为相容剂,利用熔融挤出法制备了木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了木粉含量对复合材料界面相容性、热性能、力学性能、流变性能以及吸水率的影响。结果表明:随着木粉含量的增加,PLA与木粉之间的界面相容性下降,木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料的热稳定性下降,储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度逐渐增加;随着木粉含量的增加,木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当木粉含量为18wt%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达到最大值,最大值分别为40.65 MPa和60.91 MPa;随木粉含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率由9.64%减小到5.97%,而吸水率由5.38%增大到13.43%。     

Date palm wood flour/glass fibre reinforced hybrid composites of recycled polypropylene: Mechanical and thermal properties

Recycled polypropylene (RPP) based hybrid composites of date palm wood flour/glass fibre were prepared by different weight ratios of the two reinforcements. Mixing process was carried out in an extruder and samples were prepared by injection molding machine. Recycled PP properties were improved by reinforcing it by wood flour. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of wood flour reinforced RPP increased further by adding glass fibre. Glass fibre reinforced composites showed higher hardness than other composites. Morphological studies indicated that glass fiber has good adhesion with recycled PP supporting the improvement of the mechanical properties of hybrid composites with glass fiber addition. Addition of as little 5 wt% glass fibre to wood flour reinforced RPP increases the tensile strength by about 18% relative to the wood flour reinforcement alone. An increase in wood particle content in the PP resulted in a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the polymer. The tensile strength of the composites increased with an increase in the percentage of crystallinity when adding the glass fibre. The improvement in the mechanical properties with the increase in crystallinity percentage (and with the decrease of the lamellar thicknesses) can be attributed to the constrained region between the lamellae because the agglomeration is absent in this case.     

Effect of bark fiber content and size on the mechanical properties of bark/HDPE composites

Black spruce and trembling aspen bark fibers and high density polyethylene were used to process bark–plastic composites by extrusion. Fibers of fine, medium, and coarse size and contents of 50% and 60% based on oven-dry weight were used. The effects of species, fiber content and size on the flexural and tensile properties of the composite were investigated and were found to be highly significant. Black spruce bark composites exhibited higher strength but showed more brittle behavior than aspen bark composites. The effect of content on mechanical properties was more important than size. Compared to wood flour composites, those from bark showed lower strength.