聚苯胺@季铵盐阳离子改性粉煤灰漂珠的制备与电流变性能

选用3种不同链长的烷基季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂即十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）、十四烷基三甲基溴化铵（TTAB）和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）对粉煤灰漂珠（FAFB）进行改性,并将改性产物与苯胺（An）共混进行乳液聚合,制备聚苯胺@有机改性粉煤灰漂珠（PAn@OFAFB）复合材料。采用化学元素分析、FTIR、XRD、SEM、TGA、数字四探针测试仪、LCR数字电桥和旋转流变仪对复合材料进行结构表征以及电流变性能分析。结果表明:改性剂的碳链长度越长,改性效果越好,CTAB吸附在FAFB表面的量最多,且表面吸附率为1.91wt%,PAn和OFAFB 复合程度越明显,FAFB表面包覆的PAn越多;聚苯胺@十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性粉煤灰漂珠（PAn@FAFB-CTAB）的电导率最大为0.06 S·cm-1;将其作分散相制成的电流变液比PAn-十二烷基苯磺酸（PAn-DBSA）具有更好的电流变效应,抗击穿能力较纯PAn提高了0.5 kV/mm;将FAFB作为PAn的载体能够提高复合材料的悬浮稳定性;引入FAFB-CTAB可以显著改善复合材料的热稳定性,且PAn的相对包覆量为28.07wt%。      

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵改性粉煤灰漂珠/聚苯胺复合材料的制备与表征

不同条件下利用阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)对粉煤灰漂珠(FAFB)进行有机改性;再以苯胺(An)为单体,十二烷基苯磺酸(DBSA)为乳化剂和掺杂剂,过硫酸铵(APS)为氧化剂,利用乳液聚合法合成了有机改性漂珠/聚苯胺复合材料(FAFB-CTAB/PAn)。利用FTIR、XRD、SEM、TGA、化学元素分析和四探针技术对产物的结构与性能进行分析。结果表明:利用试验方法可得到改性效果最佳的FAFB,其中CTAB浓度为0.20mol/L,在80℃反应90min,以及CTAB改性漂珠(FAFB-CTAB)与聚苯胺(PAn)为原位复合;TGA结果说明PAn的包覆量为9.80%,且随着FAFB-CTAB的引入PAn的耐热性能增强,PAn的分解温度滞后了25℃;利用四探针技术测试发现,随着PAn的包覆,FAFB-CTAB/PAn的电导率可达到0.06S/cm,但仍处于半导体的范围。     

聚苯胺@粉煤灰漂珠复合材料的导电及介电性能

为获得具有良好电流变性能的分散相粒子,利用γ-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)修饰粉煤灰漂珠(FAFB),将聚苯胺(PAn)以化学键的方式偶联在修饰后的FAFB(mod-FAFB)表面,形成以mod-FAFB为核、PAn为壳的核-壳结构复合材料。采用FTIR、SEM、数字式四探针以及LCR介电谱仪对PAn@mod-FAFB复合材料的结构与性能进行分析,讨论了不同mod-FAFB含量对PAn@mod-FAFB复合材料导电性能及介电性能的影响。结果表明:以化学键接枝聚合的PAn@mod-FAFB核-壳结构复合材料电导率相对较高,且随mod-FAFB含量的增加而减小;在较低交变电场频率(100~2 000kHz)下其相对介电常数较大,且随mod-FAFB含量的增多,PAn@mod-FAFB复合材料的介电常数明显减小;PAn@mod-FAFB复合材料的介电损耗相对较小,随mod-FAFB含量的增多而急剧减小。     

粉煤灰漂珠／PVC复合材料的研究

采用粉煤灰漂珠填充聚氯乙烯（PVC）,研究了粉煤灰表面处理、用量及粒径对复合材料性能的影响。发现对粉煤灰漂珠进行了偶联剂处理可提高复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度;粉煤灰漂珠用量的增加、粒径增大会使复合材料拉伸强度和冲击强度下降。     

粉煤灰漂珠粒径对粉煤灰漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料阻尼性能的影响

通过搅拌铸造法向半固态AZ91D镁合金中添加粉煤灰漂珠（FAC）制备了FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料,研究了FAC粒径对该复合材料阻尼性能的影响。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能明显优于基体材料,在FAC含量相同时,FAC的粒径越大,其阻尼性能越好。室温下FAC对提高FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能起重要作用,FAC附近的基体产生了高密度的位错,形成了塑性区。室温下FAC粒径越大,在其附近产生的塑性区越大,阻尼性能越好。随温度的升高,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的阻尼性能迅速提高。位错、晶界以及FAC和基体之间的界面运动是提高阻尼性能的关键。      

粉煤灰漂珠道路声屏障材料的吸声性能研究

轻集料多孔混凝土因其轻质、多孔、耐候性好的特点,可应用在交通噪声控制领域。试验选用热电厂固废粉煤灰漂珠作为集料,水泥作为胶凝材料制备了一种新型轻集料多孔混凝土,可用作道路声屏障的吸声材料。通过实验表征,探究了成型压力、骨胶比2个因素对于试样吸声性能的影响。同时使用Horoshenkov&Swift模型对材料曲折度因子与流阻进行反演求解,探究成型条件对其影响。结果表明,随着压力的提升,试件吸声的峰值频率向低频移动,峰值处的吸声系数下降;随着骨胶比的提升,试件吸声的峰值频率向高频移动,峰值处的吸声系数提高;反演运算的计算结果表明拟合优度R²>0.8,具有可信性。在0.9骨胶比的条件下,成型压力与曲折度因子和流阻呈正相关;在0.2 MPa的加压强度下,骨胶比与曲折度因子呈负相关。     

MMA-粉煤灰漂珠体系凝胶注模成型制备多孔陶瓷

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体,粉煤灰漂珠为骨料,采用非水基凝胶注模成型工艺制备多孔陶瓷。考察了MMA含量对浆料性能的影响、MMA预聚合方式对浆料成型的影响以及生坯的排胶与烧结方法,并对多孔陶瓷性能进行了表征。研究表明:微波预聚合可缩短诱导期、加速MMA本体聚合;过高的微波功率和引发剂用量使反应加速,不利于聚合稳定;提高预聚合程度有助于缩短浆料固化时间、降低生坯体积收缩;为保证浆料的流动性及生坯的完整性,应将MMA预聚液含量控制在45wt%~60wt%;生坯(MMA 50wt%)在380℃排胶1h、1050℃烧结2h,得到的多孔陶瓷抗弯强度为40.35MPa,显气孔率为42.03%,平均孔径为1.12μm。     

TiO2包覆粉煤灰漂珠外墙隔热涂料的研究

为研制出低成本、高热反射率的外墙隔热涂料,采用非均相沉淀法制备了TiO2包覆粉煤灰漂珠隔热填料.对包覆材料进行了XRD、SEM和白度分析,并对隔热涂料的热反射率进行了测定.研究表明:TiO2包覆粉煤灰漂珠材料反射近红外辐射与阻止热传导的效果显著.反应6h所制备的包覆材料,其表面的TiO2分布均匀,且白度较高;在基本配方中添加3g该包覆填料所制备的隔热涂料,其热反射率达94.3%.     

定向BaTiO3晶须/PVDF压电复合材料的制备及性能研究

以高度定向的BaTiO3晶须作为活性相、聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)作为基体制备了压电复合材料，研究了该复合材料的介电和电学性能，研究结果表明，以BaTiO3作为活性相的晶须复合材料与粉末复合材料相比，其介电常数(ε)、压电常数(d33)和剩余极化率(Pr)大大提高，而其损耗因子(tanδ)具有相反的趋势，对晶须复合材料，沿晶须定向方向的ε、d33和Pr的值比晶须平行方向要高得多，分析了产生这些差别的原因。     

一种漂浮型粉煤灰漂珠负载Pt-BiVO4材料的制备及性能

以工业固体废弃物粉煤灰漂珠(FACs)为载体,采用金属有机沉积法联合光还原法制备了新颖的复合材料Pt-BiVO4/FACs。利用XRD、SEM、XPS和DRS等手段对材料进行了表征。结果表明:Pt主要以游离态分散在材料的表面;Pt-BiVO4为单斜相结构;复合材料在可见光区的吸收增强。在λ>400nm的可见光照射下,研究了所制备的材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝的效能。研究发现:同BiVO4、BiVO4/FACs样品相比,Pt-BiVO4/FACs样品的光催化活性大为提高,其中2wt.%Pt-BiVO4/FACs的复合材料显示了最高的光催化效能,其一级反应速率常数(k1)是BiVO4的6.6倍,是BiVO4/FACs的2.8倍。由于漂珠质轻中空的特性,该材料可漂浮于水面,既能充分吸收光能,又利于催化剂的回收和重复利用。     

Synthesis,characterization and low frequency a.c. conduction of polyaniline/fly ash composites

In situ polymerization of aniline was carried out in the presence of fly ash (FA) to synthesize polyaniline/ fly ash (PANI/FA) composites. The PANI/FA composites have been synthesized with various compositions (15, 20, 30 and 40 wt%) of FA in PANI. The composites, thus synthesized have been characterized by infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The morphology of these samples was studied by scanning electron microscopy. Further the a.c. conductivity of these composites have been investigated in the frequency range 10²–10⁶ Hz. The presence of polarons and bipolarons are made responsible for frequency dependence of a.c. conductivity in these composites. The Cole-Cole plots indicate clear shift in the distribution of relaxation times as the wt% of FA in PANI changes. These composites show almost symmetric semicircles of Cole-Cole plots indicating the Debye-type relaxation in their polarization response.     

高铁粉煤灰对水泥基材料吸波特性的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱仪(EDS)分析粉煤灰中铁组分矿物组成和分布形态,对高铁粉煤灰颗粒电磁参数及复合高铁粉煤灰水泥浆体的吸波性能进行了试验研究.结果表明,粉煤灰中富集在球形颗粒表面的各种微细氧化铁晶体,是高铁粉煤灰产生电磁损耗的物质基础;高铁粉煤灰颗粒具有较高的介电常数和一定的磁导率,是以介电损耗型为主的电磁波有效损耗介质;高铁粉煤灰水泥基复合材料在2～8GHz波段范围内具有吸波性能,其最小反射率为-13.01dB,同时吸波能力可能与材料电导率有关.     

Dielectric properties of fly ash

This paper reports the dielectric properties of fly ash. The dielectric measurements were performed as a function of frequency and temperature. The sample of fly ash shows almost similar behaviour in the frequency and temperature range studied. The large value of dielectric constant in the typical frequency range is because of orientation polarization and tight binding force between the ions or atoms in the fly ash. The sample of fly ash is of great scientific and technological interest because of its high value of dielectric constant (10⁴).     

Coal fly ash and synthetic coal fly ash aggregates as reactive media to remove zinc from aqueous solutions

Coal fly ash (CF) and synthetic coal fly ash aggregates (SCFAs) were evaluated as low-cost reactive media for the remediation of groundwater contaminated with Zn. The SCFAs were prepared by mixing CF, sodium silicate, and deionized (DI) water. Serial batch kinetic and static tests were conducted on both CF and SCFAs, under various conditions (i.e., pH, initial Zn concentration, reaction time, and solid dosage), using Zn(NO(3))(2).6H(2)O solutions. Serial column tests were also conducted on both CF and SCFAs. The final rather than the initial pH of the solution had a greater effect on the removal of Zn. At pH>7.0, the removal of Zn was due to precipitation, whereas at <7.0, the removal of Zn was due to adsorption onto the reactive media. The removal of Zn increased with increasing dosage of the reactive medium and decreasing initial Zn concentration. The results of the column and batch tests were comparable. Preferential flow paths were observed with CF, but not SCFA. The hydraulic conductivity of CF was more significantly decreased than that of SCFA with increasing dry density of the specimen.     

热处理粉煤灰及其胶凝性

在适当煅烧温度下,分别运用Na2CO3、CaO和CaF2等材料对二级低钙粉煤灰进行了改性研究,从而促进了粉煤灰活性的发挥.运用XRD、TGA等测试方法,研究了热处理粉煤灰的晶相组成及其水化特性.研究表明,粉煤灰能够和这些组分发生化应,形成NaAlSiO4、CaO·Al2O3·SiO2、α-Ca2SiO4和Na,Ca)(SiAl4)4O8等晶相,玻璃态网络结构也发生了相应的变化.热处理粉煤灰表现出了良好的胶凝性能.上述3种组分对粉煤灰活性的影响不尽相同,其中CaF2对粉煤灰的活性有更加积极的影响.     

Synthesis of low-temperature calcium sulfoaluminate-belite cements from industrial wastes and their hydration: Comparative studies between lignite fly ash and bottom ash

The aim of this research was to study the production of calcium sulfoaluminate-belite (CŜAB) cement from industrial waste materials via hydrothermal-calcination process. Lignite fly ash and bottom ash were used as starting materials for comparison. Other waste materials viz., Al-rich sludge and flue gas desulfurization gypsum were also key players in raw mixes for the synthesis of CŜAB cement. For lignite fly ash as a starting material, mixed phases between ye'elimite and larnite were obtained, whereas for lignite bottom ash as starting material, only ye'elimite was obtained The hydration reaction was studied in terms of heat evolution, setting time, compressive strength and hydration product formation with various gypsum contents. The results showed a rapid formation of ettringite as a main hydration product mixed with calcium silicate hydrate, monosulfate and strätlingite phases as minority, with a fast final setting time of 24–26 min and high early compressive strength of 16.0 and 18.0 MPa in 1 day for CŜAB cements made of fly ash and bottom ash, respectively.     

Strategies of using fly ash and their effect on properties of cement mortar

Abstract

Three different ways of using fly ash, namely, partial replacement of cement, or sand, or both cement and sand in the cement mortar, were studied in this investigation. The replacement varied from 10 percent to 60 percent by weight. The effects of design parameters such as water‐cement ratio and curing temperature on the replacements were studied. In this paper, strategies of using fly ash in concrete construction were also proposed in order to conserve resources.     

Sintering of MSWI fly ash by microwave energy

This study presents the sintering of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash assisted by microwave energy. The composition of fly ash was investigated by chemical sequential extraction and modified microwave digestion method. Effects of process time, container materials, aging time and salt contents were also discussed. The major elements of fly ash are Ca, Cl, Na, Si, K, Al, Mg, and Zn, and the metal species, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ca, and Cu, are mainly in the oxide phase. Under microwave processing, the fly ash was sintered into a glass-ceramics and the leaching concentrations of heavy metals were restrained. The stabilization efficiency increased with an increase in processing time in most of the cases. Better stabilization efficiency of fly ash was discovered by using the SiO(2) or Al(2)O(3) container than by using the graphite plate/SiC plate. The presence of salt in the fly ash could enhance the sintering and stabilization of fly ash. During the aging time of 0-30 days, negligible Pb in the sintered fly ash was leached out, and the leaching concentration was lower than the criterion.