单向竹原纤维表面改性对其增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料性能的影响

采用碱处理、碱-偶联剂联合处理对竹原纤维进行表面改性,通过缝合-模压工艺制备了单向连续竹原纤维/不饱和聚酯树脂(BF/UP)复合材料。研究了不同表面改性方法对BF/UP复合材料静态、动态力学性能、吸水性能等的影响,并用SEM、红外光谱等技术研究了改性处理后纤维的表面及复合材料界面结合情况。结果表明:经过不同表面处理后BF/UP复合材料的性能均有所改善。当采用5wt%碱-3wt%偶联剂联合处理时,BF/UP复合材料综合性能最优,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量、剪切强度较未处理的分别提高了34.29%、15.95%、11.26%、29.39%;复合材料存储模量(33℃)较未处理的提高了63.80%,损耗因子有所降低;BF/UP复合材料24h、720h吸水率较未处理的分别减小了55.35%、27.32%。SEM和红外光谱结果表明,改性处理后竹原纤维表面杂质减少,附着了一层偶联剂膜,BF/UP复合材料中纤维与树脂之间的界面结合更好。     

木粉含量对木粉-淀粉/聚乳酸复合材料性能的影响

以杨木粉、玉米淀粉和聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,甘油为相容剂,利用熔融挤出法制备了木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料。研究了木粉含量对复合材料界面相容性、热性能、力学性能、流变性能以及吸水率的影响。结果表明:随着木粉含量的增加,PLA与木粉之间的界面相容性下降,木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料的热稳定性下降,储能模量、损耗模量和复数黏度逐渐增加;随着木粉含量的增加,木粉-淀粉/PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度呈现先增大后减小的趋势,当木粉含量为18wt%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均达到最大值,最大值分别为40.65 MPa和60.91 MPa;随木粉含量的增加,复合材料的断裂伸长率由9.64%减小到5.97%,而吸水率由5.38%增大到13.43%。     

HA改性短切碳纤维/PMMA生物复合材料力学性能的研究

采用原位合成与溶液共混的方法,制备了纳米羟基磷灰石(HA)-短切碳纤维（C_f）/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)生物复合材料, 研究了HA对HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能和微观结构的影响. 采用万能材料试验机测试了HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的力学性能,用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、透射电镜（TEM）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和红外吸收光谱仪(FT-IR)分析测试手段对材料的组成结构及断面的微观形貌等进行了测试和表征. 结果表明,采用卵磷脂改性后的HA纳米片与PMMA基体的界面结合性能得到了有效改善,显著提高了复合材料的力学性能;随着HA含量的增加,HA-C_f/PMMA复合材料的弯曲强度、拉伸强度、压缩强度、弯曲模量和拉伸模量均呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当HA含量在8wt%时,复合材料的力学性能最佳.     

UP／GF／TLCP混杂复合材料的流变性能与力学性能

采用自行合成的不同相对分子质量(n)的热致性液晶聚合物(TLCP)与玻璃纤维(GF)混杂改性不饱和聚酯(UP),固定TLCP用量为5%(质量分数),研究了UP/GF/TLCP复合材料的流变性能和力学性能,分析了材料的冲击断面微观形貌。结果表明,TLCP的相对分子质量(n)对复合材料流变性能和力学性能有很大影响,当n不大于10时,复合材料的流变性能和力学性能随n的增加而提高。当n=10时,复合材料的流动性能和弯曲性能最好,熔体流动速率达到164.1 g/(10 min)。常温下弯曲强度和弯曲模量达到82.88 MPa和6.03 GPa,分别提高了31.3%和30.8%。当n=50时,复合材料的冲击强度最佳,达到5.196 kJ/m2,是未加TLCP材料的1.62倍,冲击断面形貌表明,TLCP相对分子质量对复合材料的界面粘合作用影响显著。     

高性能碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料板的制备及其性能表征研究

采用拉挤成型工艺制备了结构均一有序、外貌光亮顺滑的高性能碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料板,并对其进行了力学性能测试。研究结果表明:高性能碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料板,在0°条件下,拉伸强度1889MPa,拉伸模量141GPa,压缩强度1212MPa,压缩模量130GPa,弯曲强度1107MPa,弯曲模量136GPa;在90°条件下,弯曲强度86MPa;层间剪切强度61.834MPa,具有较好的力学性能。     

竹纤维质量分数对竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能影响

以1.5%异氰酸酯(MDI)界面改性剂改性处理后的竹纤维和聚乳酸为原料,通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,探讨竹纤维质量分数对复合材料界面、力学性能、吸水率、热性能的影响。结果表明,随着竹纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、存储模量以及热稳定性均先增大后减小,24h吸水率逐渐增大,损耗因子逐渐降低。竹纤维质量分数为50%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到最大值63.2MPa和11.6kJ/m2,复合材料存储模量最大,热稳定性最好。     

竹纤维质量分数对竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料性能影响

以1.5%异氰酸酯(MDI)界面改性剂改性处理后的竹纤维和聚乳酸为原料,通过注射成型工艺制备竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料,探讨竹纤维质量分数对复合材料界面、力学性能、吸水率、热性能的影响。结果表明,随着竹纤维质量分数的增加,复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度、存储模量以及热稳定性均先增大后减小,24h吸水率逐渐增大,损耗因子逐渐降低。竹纤维质量分数为50%时,复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别达到最大值63.2/MPa和11.6/kJ/m2,复合材料存储模量最大,热稳定性最好。     

碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的制备与性能表征

为制备低电阻率的尼龙66基复合材料,以碳纤维和镍粉(Ni)填充尼龙66制备碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66高导电复合材料。研究填料表面改性和含量对碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料导电性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明:KH550改性碳纤维和Ni有助于降低碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率随着碳纤维和Ni含量的增加而减小,且碳纤维和Ni填充尼龙66的导电逾渗阈值均为20wt%,此时制备的碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的电阻率为455Ω·cm,熔融温度为202.2℃。碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度随着碳纤维或Ni含量的增加而先增大后减小。当Ni含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度在碳纤维含量分别为20wt%和10wt%时达到最大值,分别为98MPa和70 MPa;当碳纤维含量为20wt%时,碳纤维-Ni/尼龙66复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度则在Ni含量为30wt%和20wt%时达到最大值,分别为120 MPa和67 MPa。     

碳纤维三维编织复合材料的结构对拉伸和弯曲性能的影响

研究了碳纤维四步法三维四向、三维五向编织结构复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能,以及结构参数-编织角的变化对其拉伸和弯曲性能的影响,并与层合复合材料作了对比性研究.结果表明,三维编织复合材料具有良好的力学性能,其拉伸强度可达810MPa、拉伸模量可达95.6GPa,弯曲强度可达829.03MPa、弯曲模量可达67.5GPa.同时,编织角和编织结构对复合材料性能有较大的影响.随着编织角的增大,复合材料的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量均减小;三维五向结构的拉伸、弯曲强度和模量均高于四向结构;在纤维体积含量相近的情况下,通过对编织角的设计,可以设计三维编织复合材料的性能.     

石墨烯/炭纤维/聚醚醚酮复合材料的制备及性能北大核心CSCD

使用层间喷涂法制备了石墨烯/炭纤维/聚醚醚酮(GR/CF/PEEK)复合材料,对材料微观形态、力学性能、热学以及电学性能进行了分析。结果表明,0.1 wt%的石墨烯的加入即可使复合材料的层间剪切强度(ILSS)从57.3 MPa增加到77.6 MPa,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别从1 226.2 MPa、64.5 GPa增加到1 512.3 MPa、73.6 GPa。差示扫描量热结果证明少量石墨烯的加入能够提高复合材料基体的结晶度。同时复合材料的热导率和电导率也随着石墨烯含量的增加而增加,加入0.5 w t%的石墨烯,复合材料的热导率和电导率与未加入石墨烯相比分别增加了15.5%和73.1%。GR/CF/PEEK复合材料与CF/PEEK相比具有更优良的综合性能。     

Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Oligomer-modified Acrylic Bone Cement with Glass-fibers

Some mechanical properties of oligomer-modified acrylic bone cement with glass-fibers were studied. Under wet environments, oligomer-filler forms a porous structure in the acrylic bone cement. Test specimens were manufactured using commercial bone cement (Palacos^® R) with different quantities of an experimental oligomer-filler (0–20 wt%), and included continuous unidirectional E-glass fibers (l=65 mm) or chopped E-glass fibers (l=2 mm). The specimens were either tested dry, or after being immersed under wet environments for one week. The three-point bending test was used to measure the flexural strength and modulus of the acrylic bone cement composites (analysis with ANOVA). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface structure of the acrylic bone cement composites. Using continuous glass-fiber reinforcement, the dry flexural strength was 145 MPa and modulus was 4.6 GPa for the plain bone cement. For the test specimens with 20 wt% of oligomer-filler and continuous unidirectional glass-fibers, the dry flexural strength was 118 MPa and modulus was 4.2 GPa, whereas the wet flexural strength was 66 MPa and modulus was 3.0 GPa. The results suggest that the reduced flexural properties caused by the porosity of oligomer-modified bone cement can be compensated with glass-fiber reinforcement.     

Development and Characterization of the Midrib of Coconut Palm Leaf Reinforced Polyester Composite

In this paper, midrib of coconut palm leaves (MCL) was investigated for the purpose of development of natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. A new natural fiber composite as MCL/polyester is developed by the hand lay-up method, and the material and mechanical properties of the fiber, matrix and composite materials were evaluated. The effect of fiber content on the tensile, flexural, impact, compressive strength and heat distortion temperature (HDT) was investigated. It was found that the MCL fiber had the maximum tensile strength, tensile modulus flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength of 177.5MPa, 14.85GPa, 316.04MPa and 23.54GPa, 8.23KJ/m² respectively. Reinforcement of MCL enhanced the mechanical properties of pure polyester, including that of tensile strength (by 26%), tensile modulus (by 356%), flexural strength (by 41.81%), flexural modulus (by 169%) and Izod impact strength (by 23 times), but the compressive strength was adversely affected. HDT decreased due to fiber loading, but increased with weight fraction of fiber content. Moreover, the experimental results were compared with theoretical model (Rule of mixture) and other natural fiber /polyester composites.     

农林废物生物炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的制备与性能

利用稻壳、杨木在600℃下制备稻壳炭、杨木炭,以稻壳、稻壳炭、杨木、杨木炭为填料填充高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)制备复合材料,并对其性能进行测试分析.结果表明,跟稻壳、杨木相比,稻壳炭、杨木炭具有较高的含碳量、较大的比表面积、发达的孔隙结构及较低的极性;稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度、拉伸模量分别为...     

原位聚合法制备连续玻璃纤维增强PCBT复合材料及其性能

采用环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)原位聚合制备了连续玻璃纤维(GF)增强聚环状对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PCBT)复合材料。考察了聚合反应中催化剂用量对PCBT结晶度以及GF/PCBT复合材料力学性能的影响。当催化剂用量为0.5%(质量分数)时, PCBT的结晶度为53%, GF/PCBT的力学性能达到最佳, 拉伸强度为522 MPa, 拉伸模量为27 GPa, 弯曲强度为481 MPa, 弯曲模量为24.8 GPa, 层间剪切强度(ILSS)为43 MPa。SEM观察表明, 发现催化剂用量为0.5%时, 树脂与纤维的结合性较好。进一步研究了淬火和退火后处理对复合材料力学性能的影响。发现复合材料退火处理后具有较好的力学性能, 其中拉伸强度为545 MPa, 弯曲强度为495 MPa。     

CIP/GF/CF/EP吸波复合材料的制备及力学性能

为制备兼具力学性能和电磁吸收性能的结构型吸波材料,采用真空辅助成型工艺设计制备一种以羰基铁粉(CIP)为吸收剂,玻璃纤维(GF)为透波层,碳纤维(CF)为反射层,环氧树脂(EP)为基体的吸波复合材料。研究了不同质量比CIP/EP对吸波复合材料力学性能和微波吸收性能的影响。通过FTIR和DSC分析可知CIP未与EP发生化学反应。SEM结果表明CIP能够在EP树脂基体中均匀分散,不趋向于纤维表面。力学测试分析结果显示:当CIP/EP质量比达到30%时,CIP/GF/CF/EP复合材料的力学性能最佳,拉伸强度为347.56MPa,拉伸模量为25.99GPa,较纯GF/CF/EP复合材料提升了4.3%和5.7%;弯曲强度为339.6MPa,弯曲模量为23.7GPa,较纯GF/CF/EP复合材料提升了18.2%和71.2%。矢量网络分析可知复合吸波板的吸波性能随CIP含量的增加而增加,且吸波损耗反射峰值朝低频段移动。     

The potential of harakeke fibre as reinforcement in polymer matrix composites including modelling of long harakeke fibre composite strength

Mechanical properties of aligned long harakeke fibre reinforced epoxy with different fibre contents were evaluated. Addition of fibre was found to enhance tensile properties of epoxy; tensile strength and Young’s modulus increased with increasing content of harakeke fibre up to 223 MPa at a fibre content of 55 wt% and 17 GPa at a fibre content of 63 wt%, respectively. The flexural strength and flexural modulus increased to a maximum of 223 MPa and 14 GPa, respectively, as the fibre content increased up to 49 wt% with no further increase with increased fibre content. The Rule of Mixtures based model for estimating tensile strength of aligned long fibre composites was also developed assuming composite failure occurred as a consequence of the fracture of the lowest failure strain fibres taking account porosity of composites. The model was shown to have good accuracy for predicting the strength of aligned long natural fibre composites.     

碳纳米管/碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料研究

制备了碳纳米管(CNTs)/碳纤维(CF)/环氧树脂(EP)三元复合材料。研究了CNTs含量对复合材料层间剪切强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量的影响,并采用场发射扫描电镜分析了CNTs在基体树脂中的分散情况。结果表明:复合材料性能的变化源自于CNTs在基体树脂中的分散状态。当CNTs含量为0.2%(wt,下同)时,复合材料剪切强度和弯曲强度达到最大值,分别为99.2MPa和1811.4MPa,但其弯曲模量下降了8.7GPa。当CNTs添加量达到1%时,其弯曲模量达到135.9GPa,较未加入CNTs时提高了11.1%,层间剪切强度和弯曲强度分别降低了5.5MPa和359.5MPa。     

A Study on flexural properties of wildcane grass fiber-reinforced polyester composites

The main objective of this study is to introduce a new natural fiber as reinforcement in polymers for making composites. Wildcane grass stalk fibers were extracted from its stem using retting and chemical (NaOH) extraction processes. These fibers were treated with KMnO₄ solution to improve adhesion with matrix. The resulting fibers were intentionally reinforced in a polyester matrix unidirectionally, and the flexural properties of the composite were determined. The fibers extracted by retting process have a tensile strength of 159 MPa, modulus of 11.84 GPa, and an effective density of 0.844 g/cm³. The composites were formulated up to a maximum fiber volume fraction of 0.39, resulting in a flexural strength of 99.17 MPa and flexural modulus of 3.96 GPa for wildcane grass fibers extracted by retting. The flexural strength and the modulus of chemically extracted wildcane grass fiber composites have increased by approximately, 7 and 17%, respectively compared to those of composites made from fibers extracted by retting process. The flexural strength and the modulus of KMnO₄-treated fiber composites have increased by 12 and 76% over those of composites made from fibers extracted by retting process and decreased by 3 and 48% over those of composites made from fibers extracted by chemical process, respectively. The results of this study indicate that wildcane grass fibers have potential as reinforcing fillers in plastics in order to produce inexpensive materials with high toughness.     

The effect of silane treated- and untreated-talc on the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid)/newspaper fibers/talc hybrid composites

This paper evaluates the effect of the addition of silane treated- and untreated- talc as the fillers on the mechanical and physico-mechanical properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/recycled newspaper cellulose fibers (RNCF)/talc hybrid composites. For this purpose, 10 wt% of a talc with and without silane treatment were incorporated into PLA/RNCF (60 wt%/30 wt%) composites that were processed by a micro-compounding and molding system. PLA is utilized is a bio-based polymer that made from dextrose, a derivative of corn. Talc is also a natural product. The RNCF and talc hybrid reinforcements of PLA polymer matrix were targeted to design and engineer bio-based composites of balanced properties with added advantages of cost benefits besides the eco-friendliness of all the components in the composites. In this work, the flexural and impact properties of PLA/RNCF composites improved significantly with the addition of 10 wt% talc. The flexural and impact strength of these hybrid composites were found to be significantly higher than that made from either PLA/RNCF. The hybrid composites showed improved properties such as flexural strength of 132 MPa and flexural modulus of 15.3 GPa, while the unhybridized PLA/RNCF based composites exhibited flexural strength and modulus values of 77 MPa and 6.7 GPa, respectively. The DMA storage modulus and the loss modulus of the PLA/RNCF hybrid composites were found to increase, whereas the mechanical loss factor (tan delta) was found to decrease. The storage modulus increased with the addition of talc, because the talc generated a stiffer interface in the polymer matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of neat PLA and of the hybrid composites showed nearly the similar glass transition temperatures and melting temperatures. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs of the fracture surface of Notched Izod impact specimen of 10 wt% talc filled PLA/RNCF composite showed well filler particle dispersion in the matrix and no large aggregates are present. The comparison data of mechanical properties among samples filled with silane-treated- and untreated- talc fillers showed that the hybrid composites filled with silane treated talc displayed the better mechanical prosperities relative to the other hybrid composites. Talc-filled RNCF-reinforced polypropylene (PP) hybrid composites were also made in the same way that of PLA hybrid composites for a comparison. The PLA hybrid bio-based composites showed much improvement in mechanical properties as compared to PP-based hybrid counterparts. This suggests that these PLA hybrid bio-based composites have a potential to replace glass fibers in many applications that do not require very high load bearing capabilities and these recycled newspaper cellulose fibers could be a good candidate reinforcement fiber of high performance hybrid biocomposites.