形状记忆合金/聚合物有效时变和伪弹性响应的变分渐近细观力学

为有效模拟形状记忆合金增强聚合物基复合材料(SMA/PMCs)有效时变和伪弹性响应,基于变分渐近理论框架构建增量型细观力学模型。首先分别导出聚合物和形状记忆合金增量本构方程,建立统一的本构方程;以此为基础推导出能量泛函的变分表达式。考虑材料的时变和非线性特征,建立与求解切向瞬时有效矩阵有关的增量过程,并通过有限元数值实现。通过数值算例表明:构建的模型可用于模拟SMA/PMCs在不同加载率和温度下的有效时变、伪弹性响应,准确捕捉聚合物基体黏弹性诱发的复合材料率相关、滞回行为等。     

磁致伸缩铺层阻尼板壳结构的振动分析

通过理论分析讨论了含磁致伸缩材料和黏弹性材料铺层的层合板壳结构的频率和损失因子。假设黏弹性层仅发生剪切变形, 对磁致伸缩层应用偏置磁场下的线性本构, 推导得到由磁致伸缩层、黏弹性层、复合材料基本层组成的约束阻尼薄壳结构的运动方程, 并求得结构振动频率和损失因子的解。对板、曲板等算例的计算结果表明, 用磁致伸缩材料作约束层可使层合结构损失因子提高。      

漂珠/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩变形行为

采用搅拌铸造法制备了漂珠(FAC)/AZ91D镁合金复合材料。研究了该复合材料的高温压缩变形行为,分析了压缩变形温度和应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料压缩变形行为的影响规律,并计算了其热变形激活能。结果表明:FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩真应力-真应变曲线分为4个阶段:弹性变形、加工硬化、峰值应力和稳态流变阶段。相同应变率下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的峰值应力和稳态流变应力随压缩变形温度的升高而降低;相同压缩变形温度下,流变应力随应变率增大而升高。在相同应变率或相同压缩变形温度下,FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的热变形激活能随压缩应变率或压缩变形温度的升高而增大,其热压缩行为可以用双曲正弦函数形式的Arrhenius关系来描述。压缩变形温度与应变率对FAC/AZ91D镁合金复合材料的高温压缩组织均有重要影响。提高压缩变形温度或增大应变率,均可加速动态再结晶的进程。     

正交铺设碳纤维复合材料结构的双稳态特性研究

对不同几何尺寸的[0°/90°]正交非对称铺设碳纤维复合材料的双稳态特性进行了研究。在分析正交非对称复合材料双稳态特性产生机理和理论基础上,成功制备了碳纤维/环氧树脂(T700/3234)正交铺设的双稳态试样。对制备固化冷却后产生的圆柱状第一稳态、建立实验平台实现向第二稳态转变过程,经过逆向加载返回至第一稳态的整体稳态间转变总过程进行实验研究,分析稳态曲率半径、面外位移、稳态间转变最大载荷及载荷-位移曲线等的变化规律。     

黏弹性叠层复合材料阻尼器性能试验研究

黏弹性阻尼器是一种被动减震(振)控制装置,它主要依靠黏弹性阻尼材料的滞回耗能特性,给结构提供附加刚度和阻尼,以减小结构的震(振)动反应。在减震结构设计中,一定范围内提高黏弹性阻尼器的存储刚度,能够有效的降低结构的震(振)动位移,提升黏弹性阻尼器的减震性能;通过在既有黏弹性阻尼材料中增加芳纶网眼织物,设计并制作了五类黏弹性叠层复合材料阻尼器,在相同环境温度下,对其进行变形相关性、加载频率相关性以及疲劳性能试验,以最大剪应力、存储剪切模量、损耗剪切模量和等效黏滞阻尼比作为性能指标,研究黏弹性叠层复合材料阻尼器的力学性能及其规律。研究结果表明:在不改变黏弹性阻尼材料基体的基础上,增加芳纶网眼骨架材料,能够有效的提高黏弹性阻尼器的存储刚度;剪切变形、疲劳加载对黏弹性叠层复合材料阻尼器力学性能指标影响明显;加载频率对该类黏弹性阻尼器的力学指标影响较小。     

黏弹性复合材料阻尼板的振动特性

为深入探索黏弹性复合材料阻尼板的振动特性,基于复合材料力学理论、一阶剪切变形理论、分段位移模型以及哈密尔顿原理,推导了黏弹性复合材料阻尼板结构复数形式的振动微分方程。采用纳维法得到满足位移边界条件的理论解,通过有限元建模仿真对理论解进行验证。基于验证过的理论模型,进一步从理论上探索了黏弹性复合材料阻尼板振动特性随结构参数的变化规律。     

用Ritz法分析复合材料夹杂黏弹性阻尼材料的应变能

分析了复合材料夹杂黏弹性阻尼材料组成的对称层合板的线性弯曲,其中夹杂的黏弹性阻尼材料作为各向同性材料处理,既考虑面内应变能又考虑横向切应力应变能,用Ritz法研究各应力分量的应变能。以四边夹紧为边界条件的方形板为例,计算并分析了复合材料层和黏弹性层的应变能以及复合结构的损耗因子。结果表明,复合材料层的面内应变能占主要地位,而黏弹性层中xz方向和yz方向的切应力应变能占主要地位。黏弹性层与复合材料层的弹性模量之间的差异对复合结构的损耗因子有重要影响。     

折线型截面复合材料层合梁弯曲性能预测与分析

基于各向异性复合材料层合板弹性理论,研究空间折线型复合材料层合梁弯曲性能计算方法。首先推导了考虑铺层设计的翼缘板和腹板在局部坐标系下的刚度矩阵和本构关系,然后通过平行移轴原理建立折线型复合材料层合梁的整体抗弯刚度理论计算公式,在此基础上求出结构在竖向荷载作用下的挠度值。有限元与理论值对比表明本文的理论计算公式有较好的精度。此外,还分析了翼缘与腹板水平夹角及纤维纵横向铺层比对层合梁挠度的影响。结果表明:结构的挠度随夹角的增大而减小,且夹角越大理论值与有限元值越接近,而纤维纵横向铺层比的变化对结构挠度影响几乎可以忽略。该弯曲预测方法可用于计算Z型、槽型、工字型等空间折线型截面复合材料层合梁刚度和位移。     

减振橡胶疲劳黏滞生热的仿真分析

由于良好的超弹性和阻尼特性,橡胶作为减振材料已得到广泛应用。在循环载荷作用下,材料的黏滞损耗以热形式耗散,引起材料自热升温,进而影响材料的动态黏弹特性,这是一种热力耦合效应。采用一种修正的Kraus模型描述橡胶材料动态损耗模量随温度、载荷频率和应变幅值的变化规律,同时,依黏弹性理论给出循环受载橡胶的黏滞生热率,并编制相应的计算程序。通过Abaqus有限元软件的变形分析、热分析以及热力耦合迭代计算,模拟橡胶圆柱试样和橡胶沙漏减振弹簧的疲劳黏滞生热规律,得到了不同载荷频率和应变幅值下的温度场及自热温升的时间历程曲线,计算结果与试验测量值吻合良好。     

环氧复合材料粘接层对LED灯结温的影响

采用自制的环氧树脂复合材料作为LED中的粘接材料,利用有限元软件COMSOL模拟讨论LED中粘接层厚度和导热系数对结温的影响,并给出了在粘接层材料的影响下LED灯中的温度分布。B4C的加入使得环氧复合材料(粘接层)热导率大幅度提高,模拟结果表明结温会随粘接层厚度的增加而升高,随着粘接层热导率的增加呈现先快速降低而后缓慢降低的趋势,并给出最佳的厚度和复合材料配比。     

Single-sample decohesion test: mechanics and implementation

A front-tracking finite element method is used to compute the evolution of a crack-like defect that propagates along a bi-material interface by stress driven corrosion. Depending on material properties, loading, and temperature, simulations predict five possible behaviors for the flaw: (a) The notch may blunt, so that a fatigue threshold exists for the composite; (b) The flaw may branch out of the interface, and thereafter propagate as a stable notch; (c) The notch may branch out of the interface, and then progressively sharpen at its tip, with both the notch tip curvature and stress approaching unbounded values; (d) The flaw may propagate as a stable notch parallel to the interface; (e) The notch may propagate parallel to the interface, but with the tip curvature and stress progressively increasing without limit. The range of material parameters and loading conditions that leads to each type of behavior is calculated. For conditions where steady-state interfacial notch growth occurs, the tip velocity is computed as function of material and loading.     

Nonlinear Viscoelastic Response of Unidirectional Polymeric Laminated Composite Plates Under Bending Loads

Nonlinear bending analysis of polymeric laminated composite plate is examined considering material nonlinearity for viscoelastic matrix material through a Micro–macro approach. The micromechanical Simplified Unit Cell Method (SUCM) in three-dimensional closed-form solution is used for the overall behavior of the unidirectional composite in any combination of loading conditions. The elastic fibers are transversely isotropic where Schapery single integral equation in multiaxial stress state describes the matrix material by recursive-iterative formulation. The finite difference Dynamic Relaxation (DR) method is utilized to study the bending behavior of Mindlin annular sector plate including geometric nonlinearity under uniform lateral pressure with clamped and hinged edge constraints. The unsymmetrical laminated plate deflection is predicted for different thicknesses and also various pressures in different time steps and they are compared with elastic finite element results. As a main objective, the deflection results of viscoelastic laminated sector plate are obtained for various fiber volume fractions in the composite system.     

Dynamic analysis and damping of composite structures embedded with viscoelastic layers

In recent years, it has been found that composites co-cured with viscoelastic materials can enhance the damping capacity of a composite structural system with little reduction in stiffness and strength. Because of the anisotropy of the constraining layers, the damping mechanism of co-cured composites is quite different from that of conventional structures with metal constraining layers. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic properties of multiple damping layer, laminated composite beams with anisotropic stiffness layers, by means of the finite element-based modal strain energy method. ANSYS 4.4A finite element software has been used for this study. The variation of resonance frequencies and modal loss factors of various beam samples with temperature is studied. Some of these results are compared with the closed-form theoretical results of an earlier published work. For obtaining optimium dynamic properties, the effects of different parameters, such as layer orientation angle and compliant layering, are studied. Also, the effect of using a combination of different damping materials in the system for obtaining stable damping properties over a wide temperature range is studied.     

基于Layerwise理论的共固化粘弹阻尼复合材料动特性分析

共固化粘弹性复合材料兼具结构承载和阻尼减振功能。针对传统的混合单元法在应用于粘弹性夹层复合材料结构阻尼性能分析时存在着前处理困难、计算规模大、精度低以及难以考虑正交各向异性铺层自身损耗能力的缺点,推导了一种基于Layerwise离散层理论的四节点四边形复合材料层合板单元,并利用直接复特征值解法建立了共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析方法。将该方法应用于不同的阻尼结构,分析结果与文献中已公开结果和混合单元法的计算结果进行了对比验证。结果表明,基于离散层理论的层合板单元具有计算精度高、前处理建模简单和计算规模小的优点,可有效应用于复杂共固化粘弹性复合材料结构的阻尼性能分析和设计。     

Bistable composite laminates: Effects of laminate composition on cured shape and response to thermal load

This paper develops a finite element (FE) approach using commercial ANSYS V11.0 software to accurately predict the cured shape of bistable composites by including the influence of manufacturing imperfections, such as resin rich areas and ply-thickness variations. Laminate composition was characterised by optical microscopy and their cured shapes measured using a Peak Motus motion analysis system. The FE model accurately predicts observed differences between laminate curvature in the two stable states. Localised reversal of curvature resulting from through-thickness shear stress is also predicted. Structural response to thermal loading was experimentally characterised showing a temperature dependent deflection rate and a residual curvature caused by non-reversible residual stresses. FE-predictions show good agreement with experiment over the range 20–110 °C. The presented data highlights the importance of manufacturing processes and materials selection in the design of thermally stressed multi-stable composite structures.     

Torsion of carbon fiber composite pyramidal core sandwich plates

A combined theoretical, experimental and numerical investigation of carbon fiber composite pyramidal core sandwich plates subjected to torsion loading is conducted. Pyramidal core sandwich plates are made from carbon fiber composite material by a hot compression molding method. Based on the Classical Laminate Plate Theory and Shear Deformation Theory, the equivalent mechanical properties of laminated face-sheet are obtained; based on a homogenization concept combined with a mechanical of materials approach, the equivalent in-plane and out-of-plane shear moduli of pyramidal core are obtained. A torsion solution is derived with Prandtl stress function and can be used in the sandwich plate with orthotropic face-sheets and orthotropic core. The influences of material properties and geometrical parameters on the equivalent torsional stiffness are explored. In order to verify the accuracy of the analytical torsion solution, experimental tests of sandwich plate samples with different face-sheet thicknesses are conducted and two types of finite element models are developed. Good agreements among analytical predictions, finite element simulations and experimental evaluations are achieved, which prove the validity of the present derivation and simulation. The proposed method could also be applied in design applications and optimization of the pyramidal core sandwich structures.     

Stochastic post buckling analysis of laminated composite cylindrical shell panel subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading

In this paper, the effect of random system properties on the post buckling load of geometrically nonlinear laminated composite cylindrical shell panel subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading is investigated. System parameters are assumed as independent random variables. The higher order shear deformation theory and von-Karman nonlinear kinematics are used for basic formulation. The elastic and hygrothermal properties of the composite material are considered to be dependent on temperature and moisture concentration using micromechanical approach. A direct iterative based C⁰ nonlinear finite element method in conjunction with first-order perturbation technique proposed by present author for the plate is extended for shell panel subjected to hygrothermomechanical loading to compute the second-order statistics (mean and variances) of laminated composite cylindrical shell panel. The effect of random system properties, plate geometry, stacking sequences, support conditions, fiber volume fractions and temperature and moisture distributions on hygrothermomechanical post-buckling load of the laminated cylindrical shell panel are presented. The performance of outlined stochastic approach has been validated by comparing the present results with those available in the literature and independent Monte Carlo simulation.     

混杂薄膜天线层的双稳态复合材料层板力电性能

给出了既有双稳态特性又具有天线功能的多功能复合材料层板设计与分析方法。基于非线性层板理论和Rayleigh-Ritz法,建立了双稳态混杂层板构型预报理论模型,并通过有限元计算和实验进行了验证。研究了薄膜天线混杂非对称双稳态复合材料层板的临界载荷及电磁性能,分析了铺层方式对双稳态混杂层板稳定构型、临界载荷和电磁性能的影响。结果表明：双稳态混杂层板通过转变其稳定构型实现天线主辐射方向在俯仰面内偏转30°,实现方向图可重构,扩大天线波束的扫描范围。铺层方式对层板构型和反射系数影响较大,当天线辐射层铺设在层板表面且聚酰亚胺薄膜厚度大于0.2 mm时,其双稳态特性消失,没有出现分叉现象,且其中心频率会左移大约0.2 GHz。     

Modelling creep behaviour of orthotropic composites by the coincident element method

In this paper, the coincident method proposed previously is applied to model the four-point-bending creep experiments conducted at the Cooperative Research Centre for Advanced Composite Structures (CRC-ACS) on carbon-epoxy composite laminates. A parameter identification methodology is first developed to determine the elastic and viscoelastic material models to be used for a coincident element. Simulations are then conducted to model the flexural creep response of the composite laminates under different loading and temperature conditions. The predicted results are in reasonably good agreement with those obtained by experiments. It is demonstrated that the coincident element method is a relatively simple and useful tool for modelling orthotropic and viscoelastic response of laminated composites by using a finite element package that only supports isotropic viscoelastic material models.     

Optimal design and parameter estimation of frequency dependent viscoelastic laminated sandwich composite plates

Recent developments in optimization and parameter estimation of frequency dependent passive damping of sandwich structures with viscoelastic core are presented in this paper. A finite element model for anisotropic laminated plate structures with viscoelastic frequency dependent core and laminated anisotropic face layers has been formulated, using a mixed layerwise approach, by considering a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to represent the displacement field of the viscoelastic core, and a first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the displacement fields of adjacent laminated face layers. The complex modulus approach is used for the viscoelastic material behaviour, and the dynamic problem is solved in the frequency domain, using viscoelastic material data for the core, assuming fractional derivative constitutive models. Constrained optimization of passive damping is conducted for the maximisation of modal loss factors, using the Feasible Arc Interior Point Algorithm (FAIPA). Identification of the frequency dependent material properties of the sandwich core is conducted by estimating the parameters that define the fractional derivative constitutive model. Optimal design and parameter estimation applications in sandwich structures are presented and discussed.