受初应力作用的轴向运动功能梯度梁的动力学分析

基于Euler梁模型研究了初始应力作用下轴向运动功能梯度材料梁的横向振动问题。假设材料性质沿梁的厚度方向按幂指数形式连续变化,利用Hamilton原理建立了系统的控制方程,应用复模态法求得了其固有频率和模态函数,接着分析了轴向运动速度、梯度指数、初应力大小等因素对梁的动力响应的影响。结果表明:梯度指数和轴向速度的增大都会导致固有频率降低,轴向初应力的增大则使得固有频率升高。     

基于分层模型的功能梯度输流管道耦合振动

基于Timoshenko梁模型,研究了材料属性沿管道壁厚方向呈梯度变化的输流管道的耦合振动。沿厚度方向将功能梯度材料离散为若干层均质材料;考虑流体在轴向的可压缩性及管壁与流体间的摩擦,通过Hamilton原理及流体动量方程、连续方程建立了功能梯度输流管道的耦合振动模型;采用动刚度法对管道单元进行求解,并通过算例分析了功能梯度材料的梯度指数变化对管道动态特性的影响。     

压电梯度薄壳的高阶理论解

压电功能梯度执行器能产生较大的位移、降低应力峰值并避免了粘结层带来的问题,压电梯度超声换能器能拓展频带宽度。本文作者提出了一个简单而有效的求解压电梯度薄壳力、电行为特性的高阶理论。设定位移分量为壳厚的线性函数,而电势沿厚度方向为二次分布。考虑了压电作动元的驱动信号不同时所具有的不同形式的电荷平衡方程。应用Fourier级数法得到压电系数沿厚度坐标变化的梯度壳的力电耦合的解析解。所得结果可退化至梁、板等多种特殊情况。利用所得方程分析了一非均匀简支压电层合板,并与三维精确结果作了对比,两者吻合得很好,表明该理论的正确性。最后具体求解了压电梯度圆柱壳的力、电特性,给出了位移、应力、电势沿厚度方向的变化规律。     

任意梯度分布简支功能梯度板的三维弯曲分析

研究了正交各向异性功能梯度板的三维弯曲问题。假设材料参数沿板厚方向按同一函数规律变化,基于状态空间法,在板的上下表面作用机械载荷的情况下,获得了简支功能梯度平板弯曲问题的Peano-Baker 级数解。通过算例,验证了 Peano-Baker级数解的正确性,同时也分析了材料参数沿板厚方向为余弦函数分布时,不同梯度参数对平板响应的影响。结果表明Peano-Baker 级数解具有很好的收敛性。     

覆盖层为功能梯度材料弹性半平面中的Love波

对均匀各向同性弹性半平面上覆盖一层功能梯度材料中存在的Love波的频散问题进行了研究,给出了Love波频散方程的一般形式。利用WKBJ近似理论,给出了功能梯度材料层的位移、应力近似解析解,导出了Love波WKBJ近似频散方程的一般形式。该文以功能梯度材料层的剪切弹性模量和质量密度沿厚度方向均为指数函数变化为例,进行了实例计算和分析,给出了频散曲线,讨论了Love波在功能梯度材料覆盖层弹性半平面中传播的一般性质。这些结论对无损检测和反问题分析方法的改进提供理论依据。     

功能梯度材料Ⅱ型动态裂纹尖端的焦散线分析

根据功能梯度材料Ⅱ型裂纹在定常扩展速度情况下裂纹尖端离面位移场的平面应力级数解,对材料性能沿裂纹扩展方向的两种不同变化规律进行了分析,分别假设：（1）剪切模量线性变化,密度保持常数;（2）剪切模量和密度指数规律变化。在分析中泊松比保持不变。推导两种变化规律材料Ⅱ型动态裂纹尖端的焦散线方程,对两种材料的焦散线进行数值模拟,并求解应力强度因子与焦散线特征尺寸之间的函数关系,以此为基础分析不同梯度变化规律对材料断裂性能的影响     

一般边界条件下功能梯度梁三维振动特性研究

基于卡莱拉统一公式(CUF)建立了一般边界条件下功能梯度(FGM)梁的高阶统一动力学模型和分析方法。利用二维泰勒公式对FGM梁截面位移函数进行高阶拟合,经典梁理论可以视为一阶泰勒公式的特殊形式。采用Voigt线性混合模型分别考虑了两种功能梯度材料分布形式:材料属性仅沿宽度或厚度单一方向发生变化;材料属性同时沿宽度和厚度方向发生变化。通过罚函数法将FGM梁的边界条件量化为边界能量的形式,实现了对边界条件的参数化分析,并消除了位移容许函数对边界条件的依赖性。利用瑞利-利兹法和勒让德多项式函数对FGM梁的振动问题进行求解。通过与文献中结果对比,验证了此方法的有效性和正确性。最后,研究了几何尺寸、材料属性和边界条件对FGM梁振动特性的影响规律。     

功能梯度材料II型动态裂纹尖端的焦散线分析

根据功能梯度材料II型裂纹在定常扩展速度情况下裂纹尖端离面位移场的平面应力级数解,对材料性能沿裂纹扩展方向的两种不同变化规律进行了分析,分别假设:(1)剪切模量线性变化,密度保持常数;(2)剪切模量和密度指数规律变化。在分析中泊松比保持不变。推导两种变化规律材料II型动态裂纹尖端的焦散线方程,对两种材料的焦散线进行数值模拟,并求解应力强度因子与焦散线特征尺寸之间的函数关系,以此为基础分析不同梯度变化规律对材料断裂性能的影响     

损伤形式对三维编织复合材料拉压性能的影响

通过对损伤前后三维编织复合材料试件进行纵向拉伸和压缩实验, 分析了材料的拉、压刚度和强度的变化规律和失效形式。主要讨论了4 种损伤加工方案, 包括沿宽度方向单边切割、沿宽度方向双边切割、沿厚度方向单边切割及沿宽度和厚度方向同时切割。实验结果表明, 宽度方向损伤对拉伸强度、模量和压缩强度影响不大, 压缩模量下降了20 %左右; 厚度方向损伤对纵向拉伸、压缩强度和模量影响较大。编织角20°时, 拉伸、压缩应力-应变曲线接近于线性, 试件的失效方式趋向于脆性破坏; 编织角35°时, 压缩应力-应变曲线表现出一定的非线性。      

功能梯度材料Timoshenko型剪切梁的自由振动分析

基于Timoshenko梁理论,研究各向异性功能梯度材料梁的自由振动。假设材料参数沿梁厚度方向按同一函数规律变化,建立了功能梯度材料梁的振动方程,求得简支条件下其自振频率表达式。通过算例,给出指数函数梯度变化Timoshenko梁的自振频率和模态图,结果表明不同梯度变化对材料结构动力响应有较大影响。该方法为发展功能梯度材料梁的设计与数值计算提供了理论依据。     

Analytical solution for a functionally graded beam with arbitrary graded material properties

The plane stress problem of an orthotropic functionally graded beam with arbitrary graded material properties along the thickness direction is investigated by the displacement function approach for the first time. A general two-dimensional solution is obtained for a functionally graded beam subjected to normal and shear tractions of arbitrary form on the top and bottom surfaces and under various end boundary conditions. For isotropic case explicit solutions are given to some specific through-the-thickness variations of Young’s modulus such as exponential model, linear model and reciprocal model. The influence of different grade models on the stress and displacement fields are illustrated in numerical examples. These analytical solutions can serve as a basis for establishing simplified theories and evaluating numerical solutions of functionally graded beams.     

Static and free vibration analysis of sandwich cylindrical shell based on theory of elasticity and using DQM

In this paper, static and free vibration analysis of a sandwich cylindrical shell is performed using theory of elasticity formulation. The core layer is made of functionally graded material with material properties varying along the thickness direction according to a simple power law. For the case of simply supported boundary conditions, equations of motion and equilibrium equations are solved analytically by applying a state-space technique along the radial direction and Fourier series expansion along the axial and circumferential direction. When boundary conditions are not simply supported, a semi-analytically solution is performed by using the differential quadrature method along the axial direction. The present approach is validated by comparing the obtained numerical results with those published in the available literature. Moreover, effects of boundary conditions, graded direction, mid-radius to thickness and length to mid-radius ratios on bending and vibration behavior are considered.     

Analytical solution for bi-material beam with graded intermediate layer

Using the Airy stress function, an analytical solution is obtained for a bi-material beam with a graded intermediate layer, which is subjected to a uniform load on the upper surface and has different boundary conditions at the two ends. Young’s modulus of the graded intermediate layer is assumed to be an arbitrary function of the thickness coordinate and its Poisson’s ratio is kept a constant. The solution can easily degenerate into the ones of the tri-material beam, the bi-material beam, the homogeneous beam, and the graded beam, and some of them coincide with the available solutions. The analytical and numerical (finite-element-based) results are in agreement with each other for several examples. The influence on the stress distribution for the cantilever beam is discussed when Young’s modulus of the graded intermediate layer takes different functions.     

Thermoelasticity analysis of functionally graded beam with integrated surface piezoelectric layers

This paper presents analytical solution for functionally graded material (FGM) beams integrated with piezoelectric actuator and sensor under an applied electric field and thermo-mechanical load. In FGM host properties is assumed to vary exponentially in thickness direction and the Poisson’s ratio is held constant. The hybrid beam is in a state of plane stress and the piezoelectric is composed of orthotropic materials. The beam is simply supported with the bottom surface traction free and zero temperature. By using of state-space method in thickness direction and Fourier series in longitudinal direction, the solution can be made. To verify the accuracy of the present formulation, numerical results for the simple case is compared with results obtained in the published literature. Finally, effects of FGM index, electromechanical coupling, thickness ratio and thermo-mechanical surface boundary condition on the bending behaviour of beam are investigated.     

倾斜应力作用下垂直于功能梯度材料夹层的币型裂纹扩展问题

分析了功能梯度材料中币型裂纹扩展问题。该裂纹体受有与裂纹面成任意角度的张应力或压应力,裂纹垂直于无限域中功能梯度材料夹层。假定非均匀介质的功能梯度材料夹层与两个半无限域完全结合,其弹性模量沿厚度方向变化。利用已发表的裂纹应力强度因子数据和线弹性断裂力学的叠加原理,将应力强度因子耦合于最小应变能密度因子断裂判据,讨论了裂纹扩展的临界荷载;并讨论了荷载方向和材料性质对临界荷载的影响。     

非保守力和热载荷作用下FGM梁的稳定性

研究了在热载荷和切向均布随从力作用下FGM梁的稳定性问题。假设材料常数(即弹性模量和密度)随温度及沿截面高度连续变化,且材料常数按各材料的体积分数以幂率变化,温度分布满足一维热传导方程,计算了不同梯度指标和不同温度下FGM梁的弹性模量随截面高度变化情况。基于Euler-Bernoulli梁理论,建立梁的控制微分方程,用小波微分求积法(WDQ法)求解,分析了梯度指标、温度、随从力等参数对简支FGM梁振动特性与稳定性的影响。     

Postbuckling analysis of a nonlinear beam with axial functionally graded material

The postbuckling analysis of a modified nonlinear beam composed of axial functionally graded material (FGM) is investigated by a canonical dual finite element method (CD-FEM). The governing equation of the axial FGM nonlinear beam is derived through a variational method. The CD-FEM is adopted to find the nonconvex postbuckling configurations of the beam according to Gao’s triality theory. Using duality transition, the original potential energy functional becomes a functional of deformation and dual stress fields. By variation of the mixed complementary energy, the coupling equations are derived to find deformation and dual stress fields. In FEM, matrices of a beam element depend on the gradient of material property (elastic modulus). To obtain general forms of matrices of a beam element, the graded elastic modulus is approximated by piecewise linear functions with respect to axial position. Numerical examples are presented to show the effects of graded elasticity on the postbuckling configurations of the beam.     

考虑粘结层滑移效应的组合梁弯曲

针对粘结型组合梁,在粘结层仅沿轴向剪切变形的假定下,给出了组合梁大挠度弯曲的一般非线性控制方程,指出仅在一阶近似下,组合梁子梁的轴线挠度相等.其次,在Euler-Bernoulli 梁变形的条件下,通过线性化方法,由上述非线性控制方程得到以挠度和轴向位移为基本未知量的组合梁线性弯曲耦合控制方程,该耦合方程组可分别退化为经典组合梁和叠梁的控制方程.最后,分析了悬臂组合梁在端部集中力作用下的线性弯曲,得到了问题的解析解,给出了不同梁长下组合梁自由端挠度、粘结层滑移位移和剪切应力等随粘结层剪切模量和厚度的变化曲线,进行了参数分析,结果表明:粘结层厚度和剪切模量对组合梁挠度和粘结层滑移有较为显著的影响,而对粘结层剪力影响很小.     

复杂形状功能梯度板件的三维动力特性分析

从细观力学角度出发根据材料细观组分分布对具有不同复杂形状功能梯度材料构件进行三维动力特性分析,并相应给出其三维固有频率及其基频对应的位移振型和应力振型沿厚度方向的三维分布。结果发现对同样材料细观组分分布的不同功能梯度结构,其固有频率和相应的振型分布均有很大差异。此结果为建立专门的功能梯度板壳理论提供定量的资料依据。