交变载荷对CFRP复合材料-铝合金粘接接头剩余强度的影响

为了给碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料粘接结构的安全设计及应用提供参考,针对CFRP复合材料-铝合金对接接头,研究了拉-拉交变载荷作用下的疲劳寿命特性及剩余强度变化规律。设计专用夹具,完成接头的制作及固化,并测试其拉伸、剪切准静态失效强度,在此基础上进行不同载荷水平下的疲劳寿命测试。选取特定载荷水平,测试不同循环次数后的接头剩余强度,并对失效形式进行观察分析。结果表明:CFRP复合材料-铝合金对接接头强度-寿命（S-N）曲线在单对数坐标上符合线性函数规律;随着交变载荷循环周期的增加,接头剩余强度呈先慢后快的下降趋势,而且在较大的载荷水平下,下降幅度更为明显;经历交变载荷循环前、后接头失效形式发生改变,由局部CFRP复合材料表层撕裂转变为局部界面破坏。结合试验测试所获得的初始失效准则,并引入疲劳退化因子,建立内聚力模型对交变载荷作用下的粘接接头强度衰减进行数值模拟,结果表明所建立模型能够有效预测交变载荷作用下的接头剩余强度。      

3钉带衬套复合材料/金属接头拉伸疲劳性能试验研究

带衬套沉头螺栓连接已经在复合材料连接结构中得到了一定的应用,需要对其疲劳性能进行研究.本研究对一种单搭接3钉带衬套碳纤维复合材料/钛合金沉头螺栓连接接头进行了静态拉伸试验,测量了接头的载荷-位移曲线、拉伸极限强度与条件挤压强度.在此基础上,确定67％接头极限载荷为拉伸疲劳最大载荷,按应力比为0.1的循环载荷对接头进行疲劳试验,并与对应的无衬套接头进行了对比,研究了衬套对该接头疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,衬套的引入改善了应力分布情况,使结构疲劳寿命延长了98.4％.同时,静态拉伸试验中发生层合板的钉孔挤压以及净截面拉伸破坏,疲劳试验中发生钛合金板的拉伸疲劳破坏,部分无衬套接头还发生了螺栓疲劳破坏.经分析发现,两类材料的疲劳性能表现差异较大,复合材料/金属机械连接接头的疲劳破坏模式会因载荷水平的不同而发生变化,在低于一定载荷水平下容易出现金属结构的破坏.     

基于振动疲劳试验的复合材料螺栓连接预紧力松弛特性

在强迫弯曲振动试验的基础上,建立了基于模态参数(共振频率和阻尼比)表征螺栓连接结构动态性能的分析方法和试验测试手段;通过施加不同初始预紧力和激振频率,探究碳纤维/环氧复合材料螺栓连接预紧力松弛的时变行为及其影响因素。结果表明:在10h振动疲劳过程中,螺栓初始预紧力越小,激振频率越大,连接件预紧力松弛程度越大;振动疲劳损伤会导致连接结构刚度衰退、阻尼增加;复合材料螺栓连接松弛受到材料黏弹性以及界面摩擦的共同影响,其中约50%的松弛是由复合材料黏弹性效应引起的。      

轴承的轴向预紧力

轴承预紧可以减少轴承的偏移和增加疲劳寿命,此外预紧还可提高轴承的刚度和增加轴承的摩擦力,因此确定适当的预紧力是提高轴承寿命的关键。用传统方法确定轴承部位的轴向载荷和预紧轴承装置的稳定性是冗长的而且很费时。新的使用近似值的方法只需从现有的轴承样本中查取最少的数据即可。此方法还适用于计算机辅助分析和选择预紧力是在轴承装置固定的同时对其施     

5052铝合金胶接接头静强度及疲劳性能研究

运用实验方法研究了胶接接头的静强度及其疲劳性能。对胶接接头进行静力学实验,并在此基础上选用6种不同载荷水平对胶接接头进行疲劳实验,获得了接头的载荷-寿命(F-N)曲线。试验结果表明:胶接接头静强度为同尺寸铝合金板静强度的77.5%,说明胶接接头有较高的静强度。当疲劳载荷水平大于最大静载荷平均值的50%时,接头F-N曲线呈线性趋势变化;随着疲劳载荷水平的不断提高,接头失效形式更多地表现为混合破坏。通过分析疲劳失效接头刚度变化可知:在各疲劳载荷水平下,接头刚度的线性趋势变化在整个疲劳周期内占很大比例,疲劳载荷水平越低,接头刚度降低越慢;接头刚度的变化表明在接头内产生了裂纹并逐步扩展。     

CFRP筋夹板式锚具锚固性能试验研究

设计了一种CFRP 筋夹板式锚具,通过对40 个CFRP 筋-锚具组装件的拉拔试验,研究了锚固长度、螺栓预紧力、螺栓数量和CFRP 筋表面处理等对锚具锚固性能的影响.试验结果表明:试件的破坏形态包括CFRP筋的滑移、断裂和拉脱三种,试件达到极限荷载时的滑移量较小.增加锚固长度、螺栓总预紧力、螺栓数量以及对CFRP 筋表面打磨处理均可在一定范围内提高锚具试件的极限荷载.通过合理控制上述参数,可以使锚具发挥良好的锚固性能,满足实际使用要求.该文给出了CFRP 筋夹板式锚具合理的构造和螺栓预紧力值.在试验研究基础上,分析了CFRP 筋夹板式锚具的锚固作用机理,建立考虑锚固长度、螺栓预紧力和螺栓数量的CFRP 筋-锚具界面平均摩擦系数模型,并提出夹板式锚具的极限荷载计算公式,与试验结果吻合良好,具有较好的适用性.     

3钉带衬套复合材料/金属接头拉伸疲劳性能

带衬套沉头螺栓连接已经在复合材料连接结构中得到了一定应用,需要对其疲劳性能进行研究.本工作在单搭接 3 钉带衬套碳纤维复合材料/钛合金沉头螺栓连接接头实验研究基础上,建立复合材料及金属结构的疲劳分析模型,对结构的疲劳性能进行有限元分析,并与无衬套接头模型进行对比,研究衬套对接头疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,使用衬套比仅采用螺杆过盈装配能够更加有效地提升接头的疲劳寿命,其中层合板寿命提高了约 3 .6 倍,钛合金板寿命提高了约 2 .7 倍,螺栓寿命提升了约 1 4 倍,并且仅出现钛合金板破坏,紧固件不破坏.结合实验结果分析发现,由于复合材料和金属材料自身疲劳性能的差异,其机械连接结构的疲劳破坏模式会因载荷水平的不同而发生变化;当载荷水平较低时,金属结构更容易发生破坏.     

炭纤维/环氧复合材料单面修补中心裂纹铝合金板的静态和疲劳特性

利用真空袋压工艺, 采用单向炭纤维复合材料补片对中心裂纹铝合金板进行了单面胶接修补。测试了复合材料修补板的静态拉伸强度及修补板在拉拉疲劳过程中的裂纹扩展、界面脱粘和剩余拉伸强度等疲劳性能。结果表明, 复合材料补片胶接修补能有效地提高裂纹板的破坏强度和刚度, 降低裂纹板的疲劳裂纹扩展速率, 提高其疲劳寿命。裂纹板经单向炭纤维/ 环氧复合材料补片修补后, 其破坏强度从311. 48 MPa 提高到364. 74 MPa ,疲劳寿命从32217 次提高到77546 次。疲劳导致修补结构的粘接界面脱粘, 脱粘区域近似椭圆形; 脱粘面积随疲劳周次的增加而增加, 且增加的幅度与疲劳周次相关。      

CFRP筋的疲劳性能

进行了不同循环应力下CFRP筋的常温疲劳试验,选取CFRP筋70％的极限拉伸应力作为最大循环应力,在R=0．5（最小循环应力与最大循环应力的比）和R=0的应力率下,测量了CFRP筋的疲劳寿命曲线,研究了CFRP筋的疲劳性能．结果表明：CFRP筋的最大循环应力应控制在70％极限拉伸应力以下;在R=0．5应力率下,最大循环应力下降5％的极限拉伸应力时,CFRP筋的疲劳寿命增长10倍左右;最大循环应力分别为60％和50％极限拉伸应力时,R=0应力率下CFRP筋的疲劳寿命分别为R=0．5应力率下疲劳寿命的百分之一和十分之一．这说明CFRP筋具有很大的脆性,需要有足够的强度安全系数,才能发挥作用;根据试验拟合的疲劳寿命曲线,CFRP筋的疲劳性能远高于Q235光圆钢筋．     

CFRP加固含腐蚀缺陷圆钢管混凝土短柱轴压承载力试验研究

对不含腐蚀圆钢管混凝土(T4.5-CFST)短柱、含腐蚀缺陷圆钢管混凝土(C-CCFST)短柱以及碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固含腐蚀缺陷圆钢管混凝土(CFRP-C-CCFST)短柱的轴压承载力进行了试验研究。用材料去除的方式模拟腐蚀缺陷。共完成19个试件的轴压承载力试验,包括:T4.5-CFST短柱1个、C-CCFST短柱8个以及CFRP-C-CCFST短柱10个。试验结果表明:在试验参数范围内,相对于T4.5-CFST试件,C-CCFST试件极限承载力下降范围为3.0%~22.9%;相对于C-CCFST试件,CFRP-C-CCFST试件极限承载力提升范围为26.8%~49.8%。相比C-CCFST试件,由于外部CFRP的约束作用,CFRP-C-CCFST试件具有更大的轴压刚度和极限承载力,极限承载力均高于T4.5-CFST试件,表明CFRP加固试件具有更好的力学性能。CFRP加固能够有效地抑制腐蚀缺陷区域钢管的局部屈曲。此外,进一步对CFRP加固含腐蚀缺陷圆钢管混凝土短柱极限承载力进行了理论研究,并采用试验结果验证其准确性。     

Effect of fatigue loading on the bond behaviour between UHM CFRP plates and steel plates

Extensive research has been conducted on static bond behaviour between CFRP and steel. However, very limited research is available on the effect of fatigue loading on the bond behaviour between CFRP and steel. This paper attempts to fill the knowledge gap in this area. A series of static and fatigue tests on UHM (ultra high modulus) CFRP plate and steel plate double strap joints were conducted. Five specimens were tensioned to failure under static loading as control specimens. The other 12 specimens were tested under fatigue loading with load ratios ranging from 0.2 to 0.6 (defined as the ratio of the maximum fatigue load to the average static bond strength of control specimens). After going through pre-set number of fatigue cycles, the specimens were tensioned to failure under static loading. The failure modes, residual bond strength and residual bond stiffness of such specimens were compared with those of control specimens, to facilitate the investigation of the effect of fatigue loading on the bond behaviour. Microscopic investigation was also performed to reveal the underlying failure mechanism.     

Performance of CFRP-strengthened RC beams subjected to repeated loads

In this paper, the effects of fatigue leading to crack formation and potential durability-bonding problems in reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) are studied. These effects are shown to cause CFRP de-bonding and loss of load carrying capabilities under static or low cyclic loading. Two series of RC beams with CFRP strengthening system are constructed and designed to fail in shear and flexural failures, respectively, under static loading. Repeated loading tests are conducted according to various loading ranges and loading cycles, and the experimentally determined fatigue properties are discussed. The test results show that it is possible to eliminate the debonding modes for longitudinally bonded CFRP using a U-wrap CFRP combination. The fatigue loads tested showed a significant effect on concrete rather than the CFRP system especially for the strengthened beams bearing a higher shear level. Moreover, the proposed equation to fit the testing S–N curve and the discussion of the stress in the component materials could be used for fatigue life predictions of beams with CFRP strengthening systems.     

An optical Strain Measurement Facility for damage mechanics investigations on composites

In order to support experimental studies for a damage mechanics research program on CFRP composites a fast contactless strain measurement facility based on light-diffraction has been developed. It can be utilized in static and fatigue investigations of materials for stiffness measurements and evaluations of local strain distributions in one plane. The principle of measurement and grating preparation techniques as well as mechanical, optical and electronical set-up are described here in detail. Some results of strain field investigations on notched and un-notched CFRP-laminates under static and fatigue load are presented and discussed.     

Fatigue behaviour of the bond interface between carbon fibre‐reinforced polymer sheets and concrete

Externally bonded carbon fibre‐reinforced polymers (CFRPs) have been applied to retrofit and strengthen civil structures. In this study, four‐point bending beams were manufactured and tested to examine the fatigue behaviour of the CFRP–concrete interface. The results indicated that the specimens exhibited debonding failure in the concrete beneath the adhesive layer under static loading. However, when cyclic loads were imposed on the small beams, debonding failure may occur in the adhesive layer. Moreover, fitting expressions were proposed to predict the shear stress–slip relationship between the CFRP sheets and concrete and the flexural strength of the CFRP‐strengthened beams under static loads, and good agreement with the test data was obtained. Finally, a fatigue life prediction model was also presented to capture the fatigue life of the CFRP–concrete interface under cyclic loads. The calculation results showed that the fatigue strength of the CFRP–concrete bond interface was approximately 65% of the ultimate load capacity.     

Integrated high-performance thousand-metre scale cable-stayed bridge with hybrid FRP cables

To overcome the limitations of conventional steel stay cables in a thousand-meter scale cable-stayed bridge, hybrid basalt and carbon (B/C) FRP cables were investigated to achieve integrated high performances in the bridge of this scale as a replacement for steel cables. First, the material properties of different cables were discussed, and static and dynamic analyses on the entire bridges with different cables were conducted by means of finite element method. Moreover, the aerodynamic stability of different cables was studied in terms of the Scruton number. Results show that (1) hybrid B/CFRP with a 28% volume proportion of carbon fibres exhibits relatively high stiffness, economical cost, a small sag effect and sufficient fatigue resistance, which was proven suitable for stay cables; (2) based on the stiffness principle, the cable-stayed bridge with hybrid B/CFRP cables exhibits linear L–D behaviour and higher stiffness compared to the bridge with steel cables under the static load, and this advantage would become more apparent with the elongation of span; (3) the hybrid B/CFRP cable processes much higher natural frequencies than steel cables, which could lower the possibility of resonance between stay cables and the bridge deck. Furthermore, the aerodynamic stability of hybrid B/CFRP cables is superior to other cables due to its designable inherent damping.     

负载条件下CFRP加固轴心受压钢管短柱受力性能研究

该文以试验、有限元与理论相结合的方法研究CFRP(碳纤维)布加固轴心受压钢管短柱构件;以不同负载百分比、不同CFRP粘贴方式为对比参数,研究了加固后构件的受力性能。主要讨论了对于不同负载程度、CFRP粘贴方式对加固后构件极限承载力和破坏形态的影响。通过试验与有限元数值模拟及参数分析,得到随着负载百分比的增大,加固后构件极限承载力呈下降趋势,在极限状态下,构件的破坏形态主要为端部局部屈曲破坏;在构件端部粘贴CFRP的加固效果优于中部加固效果;随着CFRP加固层数的增大,构件极限承载力随之增大,但增大百分比在达到一定程度后呈现下降趋势;随着构件厚度的增大,负载百分比和CFRP层数对构件承载力的影响呈下降的趋势,通过理论与试验和有限元结果的对比分析,得出采用该文所推导的理论可以用于负载条件下加固构件的承载力计算。     

基于齿根动应力的船用人字齿轮疲劳分析与优化

为了合理预估人字齿轮齿根动应力疲劳寿命,利用考虑啮合刚度激励、啮合冲击激励和齿面摩擦激励的十二自由度人字齿轮弯-扭-轴耦合动力学模型,同时考虑了参与啮合齿对之间的齿根应力关联性,并由此合理有效地计算出了人字齿轮齿根受拉侧的动应力变化趋势。通过对轮齿疲劳寿命机理分析,选取三种常用载荷工况下小轮齿根中点受拉侧动应力作为疲劳寿命计算对象,采用考虑应力幅值和应力均值双参数的雨流计数法,结合Miner线性累积损伤理论对人字齿轮受拉侧齿根弯曲疲劳寿命进行了预估。同时比较了考察啮合轮齿在进入啮合前其它齿对产生的反向压缩应力对疲劳寿命的影响。通过三维修形技术,对人字齿轮齿面进行了以综合载荷工况下齿根动应力疲劳寿命为目标的优化设计,优化结果表明修形后齿根动应力变化趋势平缓,疲劳寿命增加25%。     

变刚度橡胶球铰的刚度特性与疲劳寿命分析

进行变刚度橡胶球铰的承载特性研究,有限元数值分析与实验结果均表明其刚度曲线表现为明显的非线性特性。正常载荷工况刚度值小、平稳,极限载荷刚度曲线出现拐点,刚度值显著增大。改变橡胶球铰的止挡高度,会直接影响刚度曲线的拐点位置。可据载荷工况,通过调整止挡高度改变刚度特性。据橡胶超弹特性,用有限元分析数据计算疲劳载荷工况下球铰危险点的等效应力范围,结合S-N曲线对橡胶球铰的疲劳寿命分析预测,并通过台架疲劳实验验证。结果显示橡胶球铰经150万次疲劳试验后未失效,与寿命预测值基本吻合。     

Fatigue behavior of RC beams strengthened with prestressed NSM CFRP rods

The fatigue performance of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams strengthened using NSM CFRP rods was examined in this study. The testing matrix consisted of one un-strengthened beam and four beams strengthened using NSM CFRP rods prestressed to effective strain values of 0, 3260, 6899, and 9177 μ representing 0%, 20.4%, 43.1%, and 57.4% of the CFRP rod ultimate tensile strain, 1.6%. All beams were tested in four-point bending under fatigue conditions representing in-service loading for 3 million cycles at a frequency of 2 Hz. Upper and lower load limits were chosen to induce a stress range of 125 MPa in the tension steel during the first cycle. The fatigue results were compared with experimental test results of identical beams strengthened using prestressed NSM CFRP strips tested under identical fatigue conditions found elsewhere in literature. Test results showed that all strengthened beams experienced deflection increase lower than that of the un-strengthened beam which indicates the efficiency of the strengthening process in reducing the damage accumulation. Also, the percentage deflection increase as well as the stiffness degradation after 3 million cycles are almost the same for all the strengthened beams which indicates that damage accumulation is independent from the prestress level. The groove dimensionality, rather than the CFRP geometry, has a detrimental effect on the bond behavior.