INAP协议一致性测试生成的形式化方法

文章应用形式化方法对INAP协议进行测试，基于INAP协议描述的I／O FSM模型，应用UIO方法生成一致性测试序列，然后应用中国乡村邮递员算法对测试序列进行优化，生成的测试序列可以覆盖状态机的每个变迁，且生成的测试序列较短。     

基于节点自相似性方法的网络协议测试

针对无线自缎织网络中的协议一致性测试问题,提出一种新的测试算法一节点自相似性方法。利用形式他描述语言SDL对路由协议DSR路德协议进行描述,文章给出了该方法的具体涵义以及应用环境。通过举例,验证了节点自相似性方法能够从实际移动网络的模型中产生测试序列进行测试。     

维哈柯文字库标准符合性检测

依据维哈柯文信息技术标准和True Type字库文件规格说明书,确定了维哈柯文字库标准符合性检测的内容,提出了维哈柯文字库标准符合性检测方案,研发了相应的工具软件,实现了检测的自动化。实验结果表明本文的研究思路能较好地解决维哈柯文字库标准符合性检测问题。     

LTE系统随机接入过程的实现

从LTE系统底层协议入手,结合具体实现,对随机接入过程进行了详细设计,并对随 机接入过程所涉及的具体问题进行了研究,包括PRACH时频资源的计算、响应信息的时 序接收、上行传输的时序控制以及异常情况下的处理及方案设计,最后利用规范说明与描 述语言(SDL）和树表结合表示法(TTCN)仿真,产生消息顺序图(MSC)。仿真结果表明,该 设计满足协议一致性规范。     

Reliability of conformance tests

Conformance testing is considered from a statistical point of view. An s-confidence interval is found for the reliability that an implementation of a software package complies with specifications of a standard. Determination of whether it complies depends on a conformance test, which is written directly from the standard. Although the conformance test is written directly from the standard it does not test all possible software parameter-settings that invoke the standard. Thus, statistical inference is necessary. A general s-confidence interval for the reliability is given when the specification requires that the implementation passes all the tests in the conformance test suite. The conformance test is made of disjoint homogeneous partitions. The failure probability of the software is based on a weighted linear combination of the partition failure probabilities. An example is included     

Formal methods for generating protocol conformance test sequences

The four major methods of conformance test generation reported in the literature are reviewed: transition tours; distinguishing sequences; characterizing sequences; and unique input/output sequences. These methods are used to test the control portion of a protocol specification. The conformance testing concepts developed in the standards world are summarized. Their relationship with the four formal methods is discussed     

基于SMIv2的ICS文稿及生成方法

借鉴ITU-T的实现一致性声明(ICS,Implementation conformance statement)文稿设计方法,分析了SMIv2的文法规则,提出了基于SMIv2的ICS文稿格式.该ICS文稿可以反映出管理信息模型中描述的各种管理对象信息,为网管接口的实现者声明其对管理信息模型的实现情况提供标准化的描述形式,能够满足基于SNMP的网管接口信息模型一致性测试需求.还给出了一种根据MIB文件自动生成基于SMIv2的ICS文稿的方法.     

基于形式规范的协议一致性测试的可靠性分析

可以用于形式规范的描述语言很多,但存在一种统一的方法对形式规范进行一致性测试。该文采用统计的方法分析基于形式规范的协议一致性测试的可靠性,通过计算给出待测实体经过这种测试后所能达到的可靠性的置信区间,特别指出在零错误下影响可靠性的条件。     

LTE系统中专有承载的设计与测试

文章描述了LTE(长期演进)系统的网络结构,在此基础上,设计出了PDN(分组数据网)连接建立过程中专有承载的建立。用SDL(规范描述语言)和TTCN(数表结合表示法)对专有承载建立的实现进行了测试仿真,生成专有承载建立成功的MSC(消息顺序图),并将仿真结果与协议规范进行比较以验证符合程度。该测试过程已应用于LTE无线综合测试仪表的开发中。     

基于扩展变迁系统的分布式系统一致性测试研究

本文用形式化技术给出分布式系统的一致性概念和测试结构,并讨论基于扩展变迁系统描述的包含实现关系、测试例、测试集和测试执行的测试理论.     

On testing hierarchies for protocols

The authors consider a protocol specification represented as a fully specified Mealy automata, and the problem of testing an implementation for conformance to such a specification. No single sequence-based test can be completely reliable, if one allows for the possibility of an implementation with an unknown number of extra states. They define a hierarchy of test sequences, parameterized by the length of behaviors under test. For the reset method of conformance testing, they prove that the hierarchy has the property that any fault detected by test i is also detected by test i+1, and show that this sequence of tests converges to a reliable conformance test. For certain bridge sequence methods for constructing test sequences, this result does not always hold. In experiments with several specifications, they observe that given a small number of extra states in an implementation, the sequence of tests converge to a total fault coverage for small values of i, for both reset and bridge sequence methods. They also observe that the choice of characterizing sequence has less effect on fault coverage than the choice of behavior length or number of extra states in the implementation     

TD-LTE终端一致性测试认证工作进展

介绍了TD-LTE终端一致性测试及认证国际化流程和我国在推进TD-LTE终端一致性测试相关工作方面的努力。主要包括TD-LTE终端一致性测试规范的制定进展、相关仪表的开发现状、目前GCF（Global Certification Forum）正在开展的TD-LTE仪表验证工作,以及后续工作的推进策略和下一步计划。     

Architecture and design of a portable protocol tester

The architecture and design of a new generation portable protocol tester that includes most of the capabilities of dedicated protocol test systems and all of the capabilities of commercial portable testers are discussed. The general tester environment and model of the system under test as viewed by the protocol tester are presented. A conceptual model of a protocol tester that captures its main functional requirements is proposed, and the basic performance requirement is presented. The design and structure of a protocol tester that provides the functional and performance capabilities described are outlined. The implementation utilizes custom VLSI multiprocessors and a special-purpose multiprocessing operating system to allow active and passive testing of more than one system simultaneously. The testing software on each processor is organized as a single process consisting of protocol and test entities with event occurrences being implemented as procedure calls aided by hardware subprocessors. All testing methodologies defined by the ISO, including the ferry method, can be implemented and standardized conformance test suites supported. Suggestions for future extensions to the design are offered     

Modbus协议一致性测试的自动化方法

现有Modbus协议一致性测试中尚未形成测试自动化方法,给测试的有效性和客观性带来了不利影响,为了解决这一问题,提出一致性测试的自动化方法的体系结构,它由测试用例生成器和测试结果分析器组成,然后基于体系结构实现了一致性自动化测试系统。在实际应用中该系统发现了一些隐藏的Modbus一致性问题,证明了该方法的可用性和有效性。     

Interoperability Test Methodology for ISO 18000-7 Active RFID

Standards are developed by highly reputed organizations with a genuine intention that the document acts as a reference requirement and specification record for all manufacturers, and in this process the consumer is presented with a list of conforming products that are all interoperable. Active RFID tags and readers are designed with commercial intent by different manufacturers according to the ISO 18000-7 standard. Through intensive research and tests, it has come to our attention that it is possible to design two active RFID systems that in their entirety conform to the ISO 18000-7 standard and yet be not interoperable with each other. From this statement it can be inferred that conformance is not the sufficient condition for interoperability as is popularly believed, but only the necessary or minimum condition to satisfy interoperability. Therefore apart from preliminary conformance testing, it becomes absolutely essential to include additional and supplemental interoperability tests into the verification process of the production cycle. This research primarily establishes the requirement for interoperability testing giving instances where the standard fails to insure interoperable products. The traditional method to test interoperability currently in practice are investigated and their limitations are exposed. Further this research paper introduces an innovative and ingenious methodology to test active RFID systems for interoperability at the physical layer.     

基于构造类别代数的变异分析

在通信协议的一致性测试中,可以使用构造类别代数来对协议进行形式化的描述.本文将变异分析引入构造类别代数中,设计了应用于构造类别代数的几类变异算子,并且提出了使用变异分析对基于构造类别代数描述的协议进行一致性测试的基本步骤.这种方法为基于构造类别代数的协议测试提出了一个新的方向.     

Protocol conformance testing using multiple UIO sequences

Automatic generation of conformance test sequences for communication protocols by means of unique input/output (UIO) sequences is addressed. It is shown that if multiple minimum-length UIO sequences are computed for each state of the finite-state-machine (FSM) specification, then the length of the resulting test sequence is significantly reduced without an appreciable increase in the time needed to compute the sequence. An algorithm for assignment of the multiple UIO sequences is given. This algorithm, which is based on network flow, is polynomial in the number of states and transitions of the FSM and is effective in reducing the overall length of the test sequence     

Validation of the GSM-map protocol

This paper presents the results of experimentation performed on the application of a specification language and three conformance testing techniques to the validation of the gsm-map protocol (Global System for Mobile communication - Mobile Application Part). The gsm-map protocol is a component of the GSM radiocommunication system that describes the signaling functions required in signaling system SS7 to offer the services needed in a mobile network. The etsi standard describes this protocol in a semiformal way that we have formalized (using the sdl formal language), to improve its testability. We have then applied three different testing techniques : embedded testing techniques to perform the test of functional components embedded in the global system, global testing techniques to test the complete protocol and passive testing techniques to verify whether the protocol execution traces are accepted or not by the specification (represented by a finite state machine or by an extended finite state machine).     

Une plate-forme de validation multi-protocoles et multi-services Résultats d’expérimentation

This article presents the implementation of a validation platform based on formal methods and the experimental results obtained. This platform allows performing conformance and interoperability tests, analysing the specification and constructing a performance model for the services. It covers all stages of the validation which are: formal specification, test architecture definition, test generation and execution for the defined architecture, and performance evaluation. The test methods and architectures used here make it easier to detect and localise errors. The platform has been constructed within the framework of theRnrt (National Telecommunications Research Network) platform project, platonis. This platform is composed of a network integrating the different sites of the project partners. The principal application domains for the platform are telecommunication systems and mobile telephony. In particular, two different cases study are presented that illustrate the platform’s applicability to the test of mobile 3rd generation protocols and services usingWap, gprs andUmts. Nevertheless, the platform is generic and can be used for other types of communication protocols and services.