硅钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用回流法制备硅钨酸 (H4SiW12 O40 )掺杂聚苯胺 (PAn)催化剂H4SiW12 O40 /PAn。用环己酮和 1,2 丙二醇为原料合成环己酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮 ,探讨了硅钨酸掺杂聚苯胺催化剂对缩醛反应的催化活性 ,较系统地研究了原料量比 ,催化剂用量 ,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 :硅钨酸掺杂聚苯胺是合成环己酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂 ,在n(环己酮 )∶n(1,2 丙二醇 ) =1∶14 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 1.6 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 5 0min的优化条件下 ,环己酮 1,2 丙二醇缩酮的收率可达 85 .6 %。     

分子筛MCM-48负载硅钨酸催化合成丁酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以分子筛MCM-48负载硅钨酸H4SiW12O40/MCM-48为催化剂,通过丁酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了丁酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮。探讨了H4SiW12O40/MCM-48对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明:H4SiW12O40/MCM-48是合成丁酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(丁酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.6%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间45 min的优化条件下,丁酮-1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达91.9%。     

SO4^2-／TiO2-La2O3催化合成环己酮1，2-丙二醇缩酮的研究

报道了以固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 -La2 O3 为多相催化剂 ,通过环己酮和 1,2 -丙二醇反应合成了环己酮 1,2 -丙二醇缩酮 ,探讨SO2 -4/TiO2 -La2 O3 对缩酮反应的催化活性 ,较系统地研究了酮醇量比 ,催化剂用量 ,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明 :SO2 -4/TiO2 -La2 O3 是合成环己酮 1,2 -丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂 ,在n(酮 )∶n(醇 ) =1∶1.5 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的 0 .5 0 % ,环己烷为带水剂 ,反应时间 1.0h的优化条件下 ,环己酮 1,2 -丙二醇缩酮的收率可达 84 .6 %。     

H_3PW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2-SiO_2催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

采用H3PW12O40/TiO2-SiO2为催化剂,以1,2-丙二醇、环己酮为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。探讨H3PW12O40/TiO2-SiO2对该反应的催化活性。实验表明:H3PW12O40/TiO2-SiO2是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂;在n(环己酮)∶n(1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6,反应时间为60min,环己烷用量为6mL,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的0.8%的适宜条件下,其收率可达81.9%。     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2-La_2O_3催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

以纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-La2O3为催化剂,环己酮与1,2-丙二醇为原料合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮。探讨了酮醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂环己烷用量、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。实验结果表明纳米稀土复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／ZrO2-La2O3是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,该合成方法的最佳工艺条件是：以0．20mol环己酮为基准,n（环己酮）：n（1,2-丙二醇）=1：1,8,催化剂用量占反应物总质量的2．0％,带水利用量占反应物总质量的30％,回流分水反应90min,在此条件下环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达89．45％。     

SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3为多相催化剂,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,探讨SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明:SO2-4-/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮):n(醇)=1:1.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0 h的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.2%.     

固体超强酸S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2催化环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮研究

以S2O82-/SnO2-SiO2为催化剂,用环己酮1,2-丙二醇合成缩酮.系统地研究了带水剂及其用量、酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.通过正交实验得出适宜的反应条件为:n (环己酮) :n (1,2-丙二醇)=1∶1.6,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.0% ,带水剂环己烷5.0mL,反应时间50min.在上述条件下,缩酮收率可高达91.47% .     

SO/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3催化合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮

报道了以固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3为多相催化剂,通过环己酮和1,2-丙二醇反应合成了环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮,探讨SO2-4/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响.实验表明SO2-4-/TiO2-MoO3-La2O3是合成环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(酮)n(醇)=11.5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1.0 h的优化条件下,环己酮1,2-丙二醇缩酮的收率可达84.2%.     

H3PW12O40/SiO2催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化硅负载磷钨酸H3PW12O40/SiO2催化剂,并通过FTIR、XRD对其进行了表征。以环己酮和乙二醇为原料,合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨了H3PW12O40/SiO2对缩酮反应的催化活性,考察了酮醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间对产物收率的影响。结果表明,在n(环己酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.3,催化剂用量占反应物料总质量的1.2%,带水剂环己烷用量3 mL,反应时间45 min的最佳条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮收率可达89.7%。     

H3PW12O40／TiO2催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

制备了H3PW12O40/TiO2复合催化剂,并利用该催化剂催化合成了环己酮乙二醇缩酮,探讨了H3PW12O40/TiO2对缩酮反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了酮醇物质的量比,催化剂用量,反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,H3PW12O40/TiO2是合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮的良好催化剂,在n(环己酮)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1·5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0·5%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间1·0h的优化条件下,环己酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达87·9%。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Fe2+/H2O2体系O2生成路径

掌握Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系O₂的生成路径,可为避免H₂O₂无效分解,开发经济高效的Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系利用技术指明方向。采用添加自由基捕获剂的方法,探究Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内各种自由基对O₂生成速率的影响,进而确定O₂的生成路径。结果表明:Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系内不会产生大量O₂^-·,O₂^-·不是生成O₂的主要反应物质;O₂^-·被全部捕获后,体系中仍产生大量O₂^-·,但此时无O₂生成,证明生成O₂的反应由·OH和HO₂·两种自由基直接参与。分析认为反应·OH+HO₂·-H₂O+O₂是体系内O₂生成的主要路径。控制Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系定向生成·OH,抑制HO₂·的产生,是提高Fe²⁺/H₂O₂体系中H₂O₂利用率的有效手段。     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

H2O2 / O3, H2O2 / UV And H2O2 / Fe2+ Processes For The Oxidation Of Hazardous Wastes

Activated hydrogen peroxide produces very reactive OH-radicals which destroy hazardous contaminants in water. The principles and different methods of activation are described. Results from laboratory studies show the numerous applications of this new technology. A successful scaleup of laboratory tests to an industrial level is discussed. Finally, a cost estimate for treating different types of water with hydrogen peroxide is presented.     

Propylene metathesis over Re2O7/Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts

A series of alumina aluminum borate (AAB) with various Al/B molar ratios were prepared by the coprecipitation method. The supported rhenium oxide catalysts with various contents of Re₂O₇ were also prepared by the impregnation method with perrhenic acid. The catalytic activity and stability of Re₂O₇/AAB catalysts for the reaction of propylene metathesis were tested in a fixed-bed microreactor. It was found that Re₂O₇/AAB is more active, stable and regenerable than Re₂O₇/Al₂O₃ for propylene metathesis. The optimum Al/B molar ratio was found to be in the range of 4–10.