热塑性聚氨酯生物医学材料

热塑性聚氨酯,特别是聚醚型聚氨酯,是机械性能和加工性能优良,且具有组织相容性和血液相容性的弹性材料。这类材料适用于制造大多数短时医用植入体,但在用作长期的植入体如人造心瓣、人造心脏时,却存在生物降解和钙化等严重问题。为克服聚氨酯弹性体的这些缺点,作了不少研究,试图用新的二醇和二异氰酸酯合成新的聚氨酯,用添加剂或通过表面处理改良现已商品化的聚氨酯。一、生物医学材料用聚氨酯在各种需要具有优良机械特性的生物医学弹性材料的场合,都可采用聚氨酯。用聚氨酯或用聚氨酯配合其他材料制造的最重要的医用器材是人造心脏瓣膜、各种血泵,如心室辅助装置的隔膜和血液输入与输出系统。     

可生物降解的聚氨酯材料研究进展

综述了近年来国内外可生物降解聚氨酯(PU)材料的研究进展,介绍了可生物降解聚氨酯的分类、降解性的表征方法等。重点介绍了近年来国内外可生物降解聚氨酯的制备方法,使用的主要原料,并指出其中淀粉是生产可生物降解聚氨酯材料最有潜力的原料。指出可生物降解聚氨酯材料存在的问题和发展趋势。     

纳米SiO2改性可生物降解材料研究进展

纳米SiO2无毒,无味,无污染,具有优异的纳米特性,与高分子聚合物具有良好的相容性,被广泛应用于改善可生物降解材料性能等领域。综述了纳米SiO2的分散稳定性能,以及纳米SiO2改性聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇等合成型生物降解材料与淀粉、纤维素、壳聚糖、蛋白质、木质素等天然高分子材料的研究进展,并从降低价格及增强性能方面,对其改性可生物降解材料替代某些通用塑料的应用前景进行了展望。     

可降解功能化聚氨酯材料的研究进展

综述了近年来国内外可降解聚氨酯材料研究进展,从聚氨酯分子结构出发详细介绍可降解聚氨酯的种类(天然高分子型可降解聚氨酯、植物油型可降解聚氨酯以及结构型生物可降解聚氨酯)、如何提高聚氨酯的降解性以及可降解聚氨酯的降解机理。重点叙述了可降解聚氨酯在医学、肥料等领域的应用前景,并对可生物降解聚氨酯的发展方向进行了展望。     

利用植物纤维制备降解聚氨酯泡沫材料的研究进展

评述了利用农作物秸秆、甘蔗渣、稻壳、木纤维等植物纤维制备降解聚氨酯泡沫材料的工艺和性能.结果表明,这些聚氨酯泡沫材料具有性能优良、环境友好、可生物降解的特点.指出,大力开展植物纤维液化关键技术的研究是利用植物纤维制备降解聚氨酯泡沫材料未来的发展趋势.     

淀粉基可生物降解材料在食品包装中的研究进展

为了减少白色污染带来的环境伤害，可生物降解的环境友好材料是目前的研究热点。淀粉具有来源广、价格低、可再生、生物相容性高和成膜性强等优势，在食品包装领域中展现出巨大的应用前景。传统淀粉基材料在机械性能方面的不足可以通过新型制备技术或复合其他材料来改善。综述了淀粉基可生物降解材料的制备方法、用于改善性能的添加剂和在食品包装中的应用进展。最后，对淀粉基可生物降解材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

可生物降解性医用金属材料的研究进展

基于镁、铁和钨3种材料体系,综合评述了可生物降解性医用金属材料的最新研究进展,概述了可生物降解性医用金属材料的主要研究成果,详细介绍了材料的力学性能、腐蚀性能和生物相容性,并指出了目前研究中存在的科学问题,展望了未来研究的发展方向及临床的应用前景.     

聚氨脂部分

湿固化聚氨酯组成物及其压敏粘合剂，对湿气具有活性、可快速固化的聚氨酯粘接剂组成物及其粘接多层基材的方法，含有优异分散性的多元醇组分的聚氨酯．组成物及其热辐射材料，具有良好力学强度、可生物降解的聚氨酯弹性片材及其地面和墙面材料，聚氨酯热熔胶。     

聚富马酸丙二醇酯复合材料细胞毒性及降解研究进展

聚富马酸丙二醇酯[poly(propylene fumarate),PPF]基复合材料是一种新型可注射可生物降解的生物材料,具有毒性低和生物相容性好的特点.介绍了此类材料的细胞毒性和降解特性的研究进展,并展望了其应用前景和研究方向.     

新型多羟基树枝化线形聚氨酯的合成

聚氨酯侧链接枝末端舍有大量羟基且具有良好生物相容性的脂肪族聚酯树枝状分子,在引入大量反应官能团的同时增加分子间空间间隔,为生物活性分子的接枝提供一种性能优异的中间材料.通过1H-NMR、DSC、接触角及表面分析等测试方法表征聚氨酯树枝化前后结构及性能的改变.结果显示,多羟基树枝化线形聚氨酯的氢键化程度大大提高,结晶性能降低,亲水性及表面粗糙度增加.细胞培养试验证明,该材料具有很好的细胞相容性,为其在生物医学上的应用奠定了良好的基础.     

生物材料的离子束表面改性

随着表面处理技术的发展,国内我对如何改善现有的生物材料表面的各种性能,如耐蚀性,耐磨性,生物相容性等进行了研究。各种表面处理的方法受到高度重视,其中离子束表面改性技术,由于其对材料本体无负效应,已被证明是最为成功的一种。本文在综述离子束改性技术在生物材料及器械方面应用的同时,提出将梯度功能材料的新概念与离子束改性技术相结合,用以制备表面性能优异的仿生生物材料。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合生物材料研究

骨的特殊性能决定了其在人体中起重要的功能作用,人工骨材料对骨缺损的治疗有重要意义。羟基磷灰石是人和动物骨骼的主要无机成分;壳聚糖是天然可降解多糖,降解产物为对人体组织无毒、无害的氨基葡萄糖。纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合生物材料可以实现羟基磷灰石和壳聚糖两者的优势互补,具有优良的生物活性、生物相容性和力学性能。介绍了近年来纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合生物材料的主要合成方法(如共混法、共沉淀法、原位沉析法、交替沉积法和模拟体液法等),并在此基础上介绍了基于纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖的三元复合材料的研究及发展情况;最后,展望了纳米羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合生物材料未来的发展方向。     

Biological properties of carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes are novel materials with unique physical and chemical properties, and have been considered for use in numerous technological applications. More recently, attention has turned to the unique biological and medical properties of these materials. In this review, the processing, chemical properties, physical properties, nucleic acid interaction, cell interaction, and toxicologic properties of nanotubes are described. Finally, future directions in this area are discussed.     

明胶及其在生物材料中的应用

明胶是一种天然的高分子材料,其理化性质、生物学性能研究表明其是制造生物医用材料的良好基材.总结了明胶的结构和性质,综述了明胶在生物医用材料中的应用,指出了当明胶与其他生物材料复合时,明胶基生物材料在医学领域有着广阔的应用前景.     

医用镁金属材料的研究进展

镁及其合金具有优良的综合力学性能、与人体良好的生物相容性能以及生物可降解吸收等特点,有望成为一类新型医用植入材料.综述了镁金属作为医用植入材料的研究发展现状,分析了其应用上的优势与不足,对医用镁金属的表面改性技术进行了简单的论述,并对其作为医用植入材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

A review on nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels for biomedical applications

The field of biomaterials has become a vital area, as these materials can enhance the quality and longevity of human life. Metallic materials are often used as biomaterials to replace structural components of the human body. Stainless steels, cobalt–chromium alloys, commercially pure titanium and its alloys are typical metallic biomaterials that are being used for implant devices. Stainless steels have been widely used as biomaterials because of their very low cost as compared to other metallic materials, good mechanical and corrosion resistant properties and adequate biocompatibility. However, the adverse effects of nickel ions being released into the human body have promoted the development of “nickel-free nitrogen containing austenitic stainless steels” for medical applications. Nitrogen not only replaces nickel for austenitic structure stability but also much improves steel properties. Here we review the harmful effects associated with nickel and emphatically the advantages of nitrogen in stainless steel, as well as the development of nickel-free nitrogen containing stainless steels for medical applications. By combining the benefits of stable austenitic structure, high strength, better corrosion and wear resistance and superior biocompatibility in comparison to the currently used austenitic stainless steel (e.g. 316L), the newly developed nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel is a reliable substitute for the conventionally used medical stainless steels.     

面向骨科植入应用的可降解锌基材料研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

近几年来,锌合金凭借其良好的生物相容性、促成骨活性以及在体内无害降解等优势,展现出作为骨科内植物材料的巨大潜力。本文介绍了纯锌的生理作用、降解速率以及力学性能等方面的特性,以上述指标与骨科临床需求存在的差距为引,以合金化元素为分类依据,阐述了目前研究人员通过改变材料的微观组织结构并触发相应的强化机制,以及利用添加元素的生理协同功能等方式改善锌基材料性能的现有成果。对医用锌基材料领域在标准制定和合金设计改进以及引入增材制造等新技术等方面进行了讨论,以期匹配多样化的临床诊疗需求。     

Advanced materials for neural surface electrodes

Designing electrodes for neural interfacing applications requires deep consideration of a multitude of materials factors. These factors include, but are not limited to, the stiffness, biocompatibility, biostability, dielectric, and conductivity properties of the materials involved. The combination of materials properties chosen not only determines the ability of the device to perform its intended function, but also the extent to which the body reacts to the presence of the device after implantation. Advances in the field of materials science continue to yield new and improved materials with properties well-suited for neural applications. Although many of these materials have been well-established for non-biological applications, their use in medical devices is still relatively novel. The intention of this review is to outline new material advances for neural electrode arrays, in particular those that interface with the surface of the nervous tissue, as well as to propose future directions for neural surface electrode development.     

Easy‐to‐clean Schichten – spezielle Anwendungen

Easy to clean surfaces – special applications Easy to clean surfaces can be made by wet‐chemical coating with subsequent heat‐treatment. Organically modified metal oxide films form the base reinforced by nano composite structures. The hydro‐ and oleophobic effect is obtained by perfluorinated organic molecule chains in the nano composite sol‐gel coatings. Application specific materials can be synthesized by the proper choice of suitable starting compounds and process parameters. The resulting coatings consist of a three‐dimensional cross‐linked inorganic part (such as a silica network) combined with an organic part. The organic material acts either as a surface modifier (example: alkyl, phenyl) or as crosslinker (example: acrylic, epoxy). The properties of such coating systems can be adjusted to obtain a wide range of glass‐ceramic or polymer‐like properties. The incorporation of nanoparticles into these materials significantly enhances the abrasion and the scratch resistance. Such coatings mainly on metal parts are used in diagnostics, analytical chemistry and medical technology.