防水性涂料的现状和发展趋势

防水涂料,是将涂料单独或与胎体增强材料复合,分层涂刷或喷涂在需要进行防水处理的基层表面上,在常温条件下形成一个连续无缝整体且具有一定厚度的涂膜防水层.其防水机理可分为涂膜型防水和疏水型防水,陈述了国内外的研究进展和其存在着价格高,性能不稳定及污染等问题.提出防水涂料要向高性能、高耐候、多功能、环保型发展.     

Hydrophobic Nano‐Silica for the Surface Modification of Graphite Flake

Graphite flake is an electromagnetic interference material of importance for IR screening. In this study, an attempt to improve the performance of graphite flake by coating it with nano‐silica using cyclomix (Hosokawa) and hybridizer (Nara) processes was made. Uncoated and coated graphite flakes were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was shown that a more uniform coating was obtained using the hybridizer process. Coated graphite flake with a mass ratio of nano‐silica equal to 5.25 % exhibited the best hydrophobic properties. The test chamber experiments demonstrated that the deposition velocity of coated graphite flake decreased from 0.227 cm s⁻¹ to 0.187 cm s⁻¹ and its IR interference performance was improved, compared with uncoated graphite flake. The obtained results showed that the coatings on the graphite flake powder with hydrophobic nano‐silica enhanced the moisture resistance and electromagnetic interference performance of the graphite flake.     

A Study on Hydrophobic Surface Coatings with Abrasion Resistance Property

The aim of this study is to synthesize a hydrophobic surface coating with abrasion-resistant inorganic-organic hybrid materials. First, the copolymer of poly (MMA-co-MPTS)-colloid silica was synthesized by using the free radical polymerization of the methyl methacrylate (MMA) with γ-methacrylate propyltriethoxysilane (γ-MPTS). Next, the copolymer was hydrolyzed with tetraethoxylsilane (TEOS), fluoroalkylsilane (FAS), and colloid silica in the weak acid condition by a sol-gel process to obtain the surface coatings of hybrid material of poly (MMA-co-MPTS)-colloid silica. Finally, the effects of the colloid silica content on the optical properties, abrasion resistance, and morphology of the hybrid surface coatings were discussed in this study.     

PP化学镀Ni-Cu-P导电粉末及其涂覆ABS板电磁屏蔽性能研究

选用轻质聚丙烯(PP)粉末作芯材,在其表面化学镀覆Ni-Cu-P合金,制备出复合导电粉末并进行了测试。针对PP化学稳定性好、憎水性强的特点,采用了特殊的镀前处理方法。使用该导电粉末制备导电涂料并对(丙烯腈/丁二烯/苯乙烯)共聚物(ABS)板进行涂覆,对其电磁屏蔽性能进行测试。结果表明,PP粉末镀层表面质量良好、电阻率较低,镀层电阻率随镀层中铜含量增加而降低;涂料涂覆的ABS板的电磁屏蔽性能较好。     

纳米SiO2改性阴极电泳漆的制备及耐蚀性研究

以获得纳米二氧化硅改性阴极电泳漆为目的,用硅烷偶联剂在水介质中分散纳米SiO2粉体,通过分散液的吸光度来评价分散效果.然后将分散后的纳米粉体添加到阴极电泳漆中得到纳米改性电泳漆.试片经磷化-电泳涂装后得到复合涂层,并对复合涂层的耐蚀性能进行评价.金相显微观测表明,纳米改性电泳漆膜表面有较均匀的小突起,而未改性复合膜层表面比较光滑.吸水性测试表明,与未改性复合漆膜相比,改性后的复合涂层漆膜疏水性能有一定提高.耐酸、碱性试验表明,改性复合膜层的耐酸性明显优于未改性复合膜层,两种复合膜层的耐碱性都较好.     

Preparation of super‐hydrophobic film with fluorinated‐copolymer

Organic superhydrophobic films were prepared by utilizing TA‐N fluoroalkylate (TAN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) copolymer as water‐repellent materials and inorganic silica powder as surface roughness material has been developed. Coating solutions prepared by adding silica powders into copolymer solution directly (one‐step method) and by adding silica powders into monomers and allowing them to react (two‐step method). The results showed that contact angles of the films prepared by one‐step method (37.6 wt % of silica powders in the coating solution) were greater than 150°, but the transmittance of the film at visible light was only 30%. On the other hand, the contact angle of films prepared by two‐step method (20 wt % of silica powders in the coating solution) was greater than 160° and the transmittance of the film was greater than 90%. The contact angle of the film prepared by poly(octyl acrylate), POA, was 32.1°, but while introducing silica powder into the system, the contact angle of the film was reduced to be smaller than 5°. Thus, superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic films can be obtained by introducing a roughening material on the hydrophobic surface and the hydrophilic surface, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1646–1653, 2007     

我国聚氨酯防水涂料的现状与发展

聚氨酯防水涂料是经过化学反应之后固化呈橡胶状的高弹性防水涂料,具有优良的可塑性,备受国际防水界的喜爱。是我国重点发展的防水材料之一,但是我国聚氨酯防水涂料里面含有大量挥发性有毒成份和有机溶剂,并且常用的固化剂MOCA被疑为致癌物质,对环境的污染非常严重。该文综述了聚氨酯防水涂料在我国的发展历史和未来前景,并阐述了自己对聚氨酯防水涂料未来发展的分析。     

甲基改性硅溶胶的制备与疏水性分析

通过溶胶-凝胶工艺,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为基料对碱性硅溶胶进行改性,将改性后的硅溶胶涂覆在铝板表面,制备出具有低表面能、耐高温的含硅透明疏水涂层.考察了pH和热处理温度对涂层水接触角的影响,以傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对涂层进行了表征,用同步热分析仪对比研究硅溶胶和改性硅溶胶干燥后在空气中的热重-差热(TG-DTA...     

Mussel-inspired catechol-based chemistry for direct construction of super-hydrophilic and waterproof coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces

Super-hydrophilic coatings are useful in many applications such as agricultural greenhouses. However, the direct modification of super-hydrophilic coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces is still a challenge, particularly without any pretreatment. Here, highly transparent super-hydrophilic and waterproof coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces were prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly catechol-grafted polymer-branched poly(ethylenimine) (bPEI)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (denoted as C) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-dopamine (denoted as D) inspired by the mussel. The catechol-functionalized polymer facilitates a mechanically robust coating that is tightly attached to the surface of the intrinsic hydrophobic polymers. This gives the coating excellent antifogging ability with a lowest contact angle of 0°. These coatings also demonstrated excellent stability after cross-linking with Fe³⁺ or alkali species. The super-hydrophilic and waterproof coatings on intrinsic hydrophobic surfaces can also be prepared by the spray method. The super hydrophilic coating exhibits favorable antifogging ability, making it potentially useful in numerous applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 48013.     

Preparation and properties of fluorinated silicon two‐component polyurethane hydrophobic coatings

A polyurethane (PU) hydrophobic coating was prepared by the two‐component method, polycarbonate diol and isophorone diisocyanate becoming a two‐phase composition. The PU films with hydrophobic surface were prepared by establishing a rough structure on the surface of silica (SiO₂) modified with silane coupling agents (γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) and (heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetradecyl)trimethoxysilane (FAS)). First, the surface of SiO₂ was covered by a layer of hydrophobic methyl and fluorocarbon (C–F) groups. Then, the SiO₂ and modified SiO₂ were obtained by the introduction of KH560 and FAS with the silanol reaction by ultrasonic stirring. The effect of SiO₂ and modified SiO₂ on the structure and hydrophobic properties of PU was investigated by a series of test instruments. The results showed that the introduction of SiO₂ and modified SiO₂ was beneficial for increasing the roughness of the PU coating surface; the roughness of FAS/SiO₂‐PU could reach up to 14.790 nm, four times better than pure PU. A hydrophobic modified PU coating with water contact angle 123° was fabricated by using the hydrophobic C–F group FAS as a low surface energy material and establishing a micro rough structure on the surface of PU. Moreover, PU modified with KH560 and FAS can reduce the glass transition temperature (T_g) of soft segments, resulting in improvement of micro‐phase separation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

高疏水性硅橡胶防污闪涂料的制备及其性能研究

以端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷、不同粒径的改性二氧化硅粒子、硅烷偶联剂及助剂为原料,采用有机-无机杂化纳米技术,制得具有高疏水性能的室温硫化(RTV)硅橡胶防污闪涂料。采用扫描电镜表征了涂层的表面形貌,用静态接触角测试仪测定了二氧化硅用量对涂层的憎水性及憎水迁移性变化。结果表明,固定纳米级二氧化硅的用量,当微米级二氧化硅用量为10份时,涂层表面形成一定的微米二级粗糙结构,涂层表面接触角为131.50,具有较高的疏水性能;同时,涂层也具有优良的憎水迁移性。此时,硅橡胶的拉伸强度为2.08 MPa,伸长率581%,撕裂强度5.65 kN/m,体积电阻率1.38×1015Ω·m,污秽湿工频闪络电压3 kV,阻燃性FV-0级。     

金属/粉煤灰基球形复合定形相变材料釉质涂层制备工艺

以粉煤灰为基体材料,铝粉为相变介质,采用混合烧结法制备直径为15 mm的球形高温复合定形相变材料,利用浸釉法,采用四种烧结制度制备低温黑釉表面涂层,通过渗水率及微观表征评价其防水性能。研究表明,釉层烧结温度及釉浆浓度对釉层性能有显著影响。在釉层烧结温度为950 ℃的条件下,釉浆体积浓度高于90%时,由于坯釉之间膨胀系数差异过大,以及有机分解产物在釉粉末熔融前尚未完全释放而导致釉层龟裂和焦化;当体积浓度大于80%而小于90%时,釉层表面致密度增加,防水性能增强,但存在流釉现象。烧结温度为870 ℃及810 ℃,釉浆体积浓度为85%~95%时,釉面光泽度好且流釉减少,防水性能增强。烧结温度为750 ℃时,因温度过低使釉层间气体无法及时排出导致釉面针孔增多,防水性能下降。对比四种烧结制度下釉层性能,当釉层的最高烧结温度为810 ℃,浆料体积浓度为88%～92%时,涂层致密度高,与球形相变材料表面之间密着性好,防水性能突出,实验重复性良好。     

水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料力学性能的试验研究

水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料是一种新型防水涂料,在混凝土中可以形成不溶于水的结晶体,填塞毛细孔道,使混凝土致密、防水,提高混凝土的耐久性。本研究通过正交试验配制水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料,研究了不同的材料组成对其力学性能的影响,从而为水泥基渗透结晶型防水涂料的研究开发以及产品的优化提供理论依据。     

Hydrophobic composite coatings with photocatalytic self-cleaning properties by micro/nanoparticles mixed with fluorocarbon resin

A newly developed hydrophobic composite coating was fabricated by incorporating modified TiO₂ nanoparticles and hydrophobic material polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micropowders dispersed in fluorocarbon resin. Moreover, the surface characteristics and self-cleaning properties of the newly developed composite material were examined. The material was found to exhibit sufficient hydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 133°. The surface free energy of the composite coating was 4.11 mJ/m². Scanning electron microscopy results revealed a micro/nanocomposite structure composed of PTFE micropowders and TiO₂ nanoparticles, which was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. Through ultraviolet irradiation the modified TiO₂-PTFE/FEVE composite coating successfully removed oleic acid absorbed on its surface. These results showed that the functional composite coating had a sufficiently hydrophobic surface with an efficient self-cleaning effect.     

EV树脂基防水涂层的表面超疏水设计研究

本文选用常见的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚乳液（EVA）作为防水涂层的基料,对其表面进行疏水性设计,考察防水涂层的影响因素。将制备的 SiO₂颗粒进行有机改性,在 EVA表面负载改性的 SiO₂颗粒形成粗糙结构,接枝三甲氧基硅烷控制材料的润湿性能,达到对涂层表面的亲疏水性进行调控的目的。结果表明：制备的 SiO₂粒径 D97为 7 μm,红外光谱分析表明 SiO₂有机改性比较成功,SEM测试表明 SiO₂负载在 EVA表面,通过结构和化学亲疏水性设计的 EVA膜的接触角达到了 172. 9°。防水涂层在水中浸泡 72 h后,其水接触角仍维持在 170°左右,具有很好的疏水稳定性,表现出较好的应用潜力。     

有机硅纳米杂化改性环氧胶的研制和应用

通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米有机硅溶胶。用透射电镜和红外光谱表征和分析了纳米粒子的形态和粒径,粒径为30－70nm。制备了用活性稀释剂糠醛和丙酮及有机硅纳米杂化改性的环氧胶。研究了胶液的初始黏度、渗透性、力学强度、弹性模量、粘接性、表面疏水性和防腐蚀性能。实验结果表明,环氧树脂含量、有机硅溶胶、硅烷偶联剂等对改性环氧胶的这些性能有显著影响,改性环氧胶双组分混合液的初始黏度可低至1.1mPa·s,渗透性强,固结体抗压强度高达40．8－81．5MPa,弹性模量为1．3－2．1×10^3MPa,剪切粘接强度5．1－11．9MPa,防水抗渗性及防腐蚀耐候性良好,可应用于灌浆防水加固补强、工业地坪涂料和防腐蚀涂料等多种用途。     

An ordered hydrophobic P6mm mesoporous carbon with graphitic pore walls and its application in aqueous catalysis

A hydrophobic ordered mesoporous carbon with hexagonal arrays of rods was synthesized by a nanocasting process by using silica SBA-15 as a template and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene as a fused-aromatic carbon precursor. Impregnation of 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene and its subsequent conversion into carbon occurred inside the mesopores of the silica template through a dehydration reaction between the surface silanols and hydroxyl groups of the carbon source and mild carbonization under inert atmosphere. After silica removal, X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, pore size analysis and Raman spectroscopy showed that the resulting material was a negative replica of the silica template with a 2D-hexagonal P6mm ordered structure, possessing a large surface area (724 m² g⁻¹), a monomodal pore size distribution (3.4 nm) and a relative hydrophobic surface with graphitic pore walls. These features give the system substantial advantages to play a beneficial role in aqueous organometallic catalysis. The material appeared to be an excellent mass transfer promoter to enhance the overall reaction rate of the palladium-catalyzed cleavage reaction of water-insoluble allylundecylcarbonate (Tsuji–Trost reaction).     

一种新型防水涂料的制备

实验采用氢化C5石油树脂作为成膜物质制备新型防水涂料.通过对乳化剂的筛选和物料配比的考查,确定了制备乳液的最佳条件,并通过对其它助剂加入量的考察,确定了防水涂料的最佳配方.实验结果表明,当乳化剂选用复配型乳化剂,m(氢化C5石油树脂):m(石蜡)=2:1时,制备的乳液效果最好;当m(氢化C5石油树脂乳液):m(涂料)=...     

Simple Design of Hydrophobic Zeolite Material by Modification Using TEFS and its Application as a Support of TiO2 Photocatalyst

Through the simple process using alkoxide reagent containing fluorine, triethoxyfluorosilane (TEFS), hydrophobic mesoporous silica material (HMS) was prepared. The surface modified HMS have still maintained its mesoporous structure and large surface area and showed considerable hydrophobic property compared with non-modified HMS. Moreover the surface modified HMS was applied as a support of TiO₂ photocatalyst with the aim of the efficient degradation of organic pollutant in water. Due to the hydrophobic property, the fine TiO₂ photocatalyst particles were generated on the modified HMS and both the adsorption properties and photocatalytic activities for the degradation of 2-propanol diluted in water were dramatically increased.     

Preparation and electrowetting transitions on superhydrophobic/hydrophilic bi-layer structures

A simple method of preparing porous superhydrophobic materials using glass fiber materials, where hydrophobicity is provided by a variety of coatings such as self-assembled alkyl-silane monolayers and fluoropolymers such as Teflon is presented. Fibrous structures of the filter material provide for the modulation of “surface roughness” on the micro- and nano-scale, required for achieving a superhydrophobic state, with advancing contact angle of water on such surfaces close to 150 degrees. Such superhydrophobic structures are effective at separating water-octane mixtures by allowing only low-surface-tension component to go through the thickness of the material, while repelling the water (high-surface-tension component) and preventing it from permeating through the material. In addition, a bi-layer structure that combines a superhydrophobic surface with a highly hydrophilic bulk material is described. It is formed by subjecting superhydrophobic fiber material to a brief oxygen plasma treatment to remove the hydrophobic coating from one side of the material, whereas the opposite side is protected during treatment and remains superhydrophobic. Tunable properties of the superhydrophobic fiber material are demonstrated using electrowetting with PEDOT–PSS conductive polymer core, parylene as a dielectric and Teflon as a hydrophobic coating. Applicability of such bi-layer materials to microfluidic and energy storage micro-devices is discussed.