国内外分布式电源定义及发展现况对比分析

分布式电源作为大电源的重要补充,具有清洁、高效的特点,将成为我国促进节能减排和应对气候变化的重要措施之一。目前国际上仍没有通用权威的分布式电源定义,本文在归纳分析18个典型国家(组织)分布式电源定义的基础上,总结了分布式电源的基本特征,并结合我国国情和电网特点,提出了我国分布式电源的一般定义;从资源条件、激励政策和产业基础三个方面分析了典型国家分布式电源发展的基础,并结合发展现状进行了对比分析。     

德国分布式电源发展启示

作为世界上分布式电源发展的典范,德国在用户侧发电系统的发展方面积累了丰富经验,可为我国分布式电源快速健康发展提供借鉴。在当今能源和环境压力日益加大的背景下,推动分布式电源发展是世界各国促进节能减排、应对气候变化的重要措施之一。分布式电源作为电力系统的有益和重要补充,     

分布式电源对配电网电压骤降影响的仿真研究

随着国家大力推进分布式电源的发展,配电网电压骤降现象将变得更为复杂。基于分布式电源接入配电网的特点,运用电磁暂态仿真PSCAD/EMTDC软件建立分布式电源模型,应用所建立的模型对某企业电网络进行仿真计算,研究分布式电源在不同故障类型、并网方式、容量、接入位置等因素下对电压骤降的影响,得到分布式电源缓解电压骤降问题的策略。     

基于广义深度学习的含DG配网故障诊断方法

针对传统故障定位方法难以满足含分布式电源配电网的问题，提出一种基于广义深度学习的故障定位方法。利用广义深度学习在逼近能力和容错性方面的优势，挖掘响应数据与故障位置之间的映射关系，建立含分布式电源配电网故障定位的模型。IEEE34节点仿真结果表明，该方法可有效实现含分布式电源配电网的故障定位，准确率高，速度快，且在信息畸变或缺失时容错性好。     

解决分布式电源接入后三相一次重合闸应用问题的研究

随着分布式电源在配电系统的大量投入,致使原有的单电源放射状供电网络中的三相一次重合闸存在可能无法使用的问题。以分布式电源接入单侧电源的110 kV终端变电站为例,分析了分布式电源接入对变电站进出线路自动重合闸装置的影响,在此基础上提出通过进线线路功率方向元件动作跳开分布式电源接入断路器的方法来解决自动重合闸装置的应用问题。     

分布式电源接入对配电网的影响分析

分布式电源接入配电网会改变电网原有的结构,介绍了分布式电源接入配电网的现状,并指出传统配电网接入分布式电源,可能会引发一系列问题,如导致系统电压越线和潮流发生翻转;分布式电源运行时产生的谐波进入配电网后,会导致电网的电能质量降低;系统发生短路故障时,故障电流可能通过分布式电源进入邻近线路,导致保护装置误动作。提出了相应的解决措施,包括安装无功补偿装置、电力滤波器,合理选择分布式电源接入的位置和接入的容量等,旨在提高系统稳定性和电能质量,避免潜在的故障和问题。     

分布式电源并网对配电网电压的影响

近年来,分布式电源并网技术已经取得了很大的发展和突破,但仍然存在一系列的问题。选取了其中一个方面即分布式电源并网对电压影响的问题做出了概述,介绍了分布式电源并网的要求和DG并网对电压波动、电压偏差和电压分布的影响。     

基于电流保护约束的逆变型分布式电源最大接入容量与接入位置选择

摘要： 逆变型分布式电源接入配电网后,传统配电网采用的三段式电流保护可能会发生不正确动作。为了解决这一问题,提出了基于电流保护约束的逆变型分布式电源最大接入容量和接入位置选择的确定方法。当配电网发生故障时,根据零电压穿越控制的逆变型分布式电源的故障输出特性,分析逆变型分布式电源并网点电压及输出的故障电流随逆变型分布式电源输出功率和接入位置变化而变化的规律。发现逆变型分布式电源的并网点电压及电流随逆变型分布式电源输出功率的增大呈非线性变化、随接入位置远离系统电源而逐渐减小的特征。根据该变化特征,以传统配电网电流保护在不改变原有整定值的情况下能正确动作为条件,确定了逆变型分布式电源的接入容量及接入位置。仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

分布式发电和储能：电力公司工程师的观点

分布式发电和储能，统称为分布式电源，具有根本上改变电力公司系统的潜力。事实上，分布式发电有时候被认为是一种对目前的供能系统具有破坏性作用的技术。许多出版物、报告和案例研究都称颂分布式电源如何对电源所有者和电力公司都有利。本文从电力工程师的角度阐述了分布式电源技术的现状及应用，讨论了电力公司和用户所有的装置面临的商业和技术方面的挑战。     

基于自适应算法的含分布式电源继电保护研究

针对分布式电源的接入将影响配电网短路电流和继电保护整定等问题,提出基于自适应算法的含分布式电源配电网继电保护方法,该方法将分布式电源戴维南模型接入配电网的不同位置,对含分布式电源的配电网进行等效建模。根据仿真模型的故障分析表明:当接入点在保护装置上游或相邻母线时,整定值随着接入位置越近、容量的增加而增加;接入点在保护装置下游时,该段线路按双侧电源方式整定保护装置;故障类型会影响整定值的大小。     

天然气内燃发电机组分布式能源系统的应用分析

通过对某宾馆天然气分布式能源系统的成功应用案例,分析了该技术的工艺特点及运行方式等相关问题,以期促进我国热电联供分布式能源系统在各领域获得更广泛的发展。     

Impact of distributed and independent power generation on greenhouse gas emissions: Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka has a hydropower dominated power system with approximately two thirds of its generation capacity based on large hydro plants. The remaining one third are based on oil fired thermal generation with varying technologies, such as oil steam, Diesel, gas turbines and combined cycle plants. A significant portion of this capacity is in operation as independent power plants (IPPs). In addition to these, Sri Lanka presently has about 40 MWs of mini-hydro plants, which are distributed in the highlands and their surrounding districts, mainly connected to the primary distribution system. Further, there are a few attempts to build fuel wood fired power plants of small capacities and connect them to the grid in various parts of the country.

The study presented in this paper investigates the impact of these new developments in the power sector on the overall emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in particular. It examines the resulting changes to the emissions and costs in the event of developing the proposed coal power plant as an IPP under different investment and operational conditions. The paper also examines the impact on emissions with 80 MWs of distributed power in different capacities of wind, mini-hydro and wood fired power plants.

It is concluded that grid connected, distributed power generation (DPG) reduces emissions, with only a marginal increase in overall costs, due to the reduction in transmission and distribution network losses that result from the distributed nature of generation. These reductions can be enhanced by opting for renewable energy based DPGs, as the case presented in the paper, and coupling them with demand side management measures. It is also concluded that there is no impact on overall emissions by the base load IPPs unless they are allowed to change over to different fuel types and technologies.     

大规模光伏发电接入对直流输电系统的影响研究

直流输电系统是实现高电压、大容量、远距离送电和区域电网互联的一个重要技术手段,对于大规模新能源发电的跨区域消纳具有重要的作用。以大规模光伏发电发电接入西北某电网为对象,建立光伏电站模型,分析光伏电站不同运行方式及电网扰动情况下对直流系统的影响,并提出为保证大规模光伏发电接入后直流系统稳定运行的措施与建议。     

Integrated battery controller for distributed energy system

In this article, an improved integrated battery energy storage system (BESS) controller for distributed energy system is presented. The BESS is integrated in parallel with the full wave bridge converter into the distributed energy system network. In a normal operating mode, the BESS serves as a power conditioner as well as an active power filter in a distributed power system network. This work presents BESS controller which is designed for regulating the state of charge of the batteries and also to manage the active power in a distributed power system network. The off peak load energy is used to recover the batteries’ state of charge through the BESS controller. In this BESS controller, the constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) mode is used and it helps to keep the batteries’ state of charge conditions for improving the reliability of the distributed power system system. This control strategy is incorporated into the main converter. The controller helps in managing the phase, amplitude and waveform of the current and voltage on the distributed power system network. The controller ensures the power quality and also assists in improving the power factor with respect to the utility for the intermittent distributed generation as well as the load. In this article, the test results of a prototype system are presented, which validates the proposed controller strategy of BESS in a distributed power system network.     

燃料电池发电的电站应用

燃料电池作为一种高效稳定的分布式清洁能源,其发电技术在电站领域的应用备受关注,而国内燃料电池电站尚在起步阶段,因此对这一领域的研究和实践经验具有重要意义。基于韩国燃气轮机联合循环电站中燃料电池发电项目的实施,介绍了燃料电池的选型,并通过模拟运行确定了最佳余热回收方案。MCFC燃料电池额定发电效率为47%,余热回收后效率提高3.5%。这些经验将对国内未来燃料电池电站的建设起到参考和借鉴意义。     

A variance analysis of the capacity displaced by wind energy in Europe

Wind energy generation distributed all over Europe is less variable than generation from a single region. To analyse the benefits of distributed generation, the whole electrical generation system of Europe has been modelled including varying penetrations of wind power. The model is chronologically simulating the scheduling of the European power plants to cover the demand at every hour of the year. The wind power generation was modelled using wind speed measurements from 60 meteorological stations for 1 year. The distributed wind power also displaces fossil‐fuelled capacity. However, every assessment of the displaced capacity (or a capacity credit) by means of a chronological model is highly sensitive to single events. Therefore the wind time series was shifted by integer days against the load time series, and the different results were aggregated. The same set of results is shown for two other options, one where the pump storage plants are used more aggressively and the other where all German nuclear plants are shut off. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data have been used to recreate the same averaged time series from a data set spanning 34 years. Through this it is possible to set the year studied in detail into a longer‐term context. The results are that wind energy can contribute more than 20% of the European demand without significant changes in the system and can replace conventional capacity worth about 10% of the installed wind power capacity. The long‐term reference shows that the analysed year is the worst case for wind power integration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.     

高温燃料电池_燃气轮机混合发电系统性能分析

针对 高温燃料电池系统的高效率、环保性以及排气废热的巨大利用潜能,将其与燃气轮机组成混合装置进行发电是未来分布式发电的一种极有前景的方案。文中对高温燃料电池及混合循环系统作了简介,并对两种典型的高温燃料电池－燃气轮机混合循环发电系统进行了性能分析,这将为我国高温燃料电池－燃气轮机混合循环系统的研制提供参考。     

我国风力发电发展现状和问题分析

能源危机的日趋严重,优化能源结构、发展清洁环保的可再生能源迫在眉睫。风能是一种清洁环保的可再生能源,随着国家政策的支持和风力发电技术的不断发展,风力发电越来越得到人们的重视,并将在新能源发电中扮演重要的角色。概述了我国风能资源的储量和分布,介绍了近年来我国风力发电的总体情况、各省(自治区)风力发电的发展概况以及我国风电企业的发展现状,最后指出了我国风力发电目前出现的一些问题,并进行了分析。     

Evaluation of intermittent-distributed-generation hosting capability of a distribution system with integrated energy-storage systems

The penetration rate of distributed generation is gradually increasing in the distribution system concerned. This is creating new problems and challenges in the planning and operation of the system. The intermittency and variability of power outputs from numerous distributed renewable generators could significantly jeopardize the secure operation of the distribution system. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation by a distribution system considering operational constraints. This is the subject of this study. An assessment model considering the uncertainty of generation outputs from distributed generators is presented for this purpose. It involves different types of regulation or control functions using on-load tap-changers (OLTCs), reactive power compensation devices, energy storage systems, and the reactive power support of the distributed generators employed. A robust optimization model is then attained It is solved by Bertsimas robust counterpart through GUROBI solver. Finally, the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method are demonstrated by a modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system. In addition, the effects of the aforementioned regulation or control functions on the enhancement of the hosting capability for intermittent distributed generation are examined.     

基于遗传算法的含电力电子变压器交直流混合配电网优化配置

构建了含电力电子变压器(PET)的交直流混合配电网优化模型,基于该模型,以接入PET和分布式电源的IEEE33节点系统为例,采用遗传算法以系统网损最小为优化目标,以PET的端口量为优化变量进行优化配置,分析了优化结果 PET端口功率流动情况、分布式电源的总利用率、配电网总有功损耗及系统最末端的电压水平。算例结果表明,PET具有改善交直流配电网的潮流分布的功能。