Use of momentum interpolation method and evaluation of higher-order bounded convection schemes for oscillatory natural convection of liquid metal

A study on the use of momentum interpolation method and higher-order bounded convection schemes for simulation of oscillatory natural convection of liquid metal in a square cavity is presented. The original Rhie and Chow scheme is modified for unsteady flows to obtain the converged solutions which are independent of the time step size. Two higher-order bounded convection schemes, SOUCUP and COPLA are evaluated, together with HYBRID and QUICK, to test their capability for predicting the oscillatory natural convection. The calculations are performed forG _r=10⁷, Pr=0.005 employing 42x42 and 82x82 nonuniform grids. The COPLA and QUICK schemes have shown the capability of predicting the oscillatory motion while the HYBRID and SOUCUP schemes have not. This study has been carried out under the Nuclear Research and Development program by Korean Ministry of Science and Technology.     

Experimental investigation of natural convection from a horizontal ice surface melting in pure water

A study on natural convection from a horizontal ice surface melting in pure water was conducted experimentally for the ambient water temperature from 2▿C to 10°C. Natural convection flow around upward-or downward-facing horizontal ice plate was divided into three regions according to the temperature variation of ambient water. The flow patterns of three regions were no flow, two-dimensional steady laminar flow and unsteady flow. Mean Nusselt number for the upward-facing surface had its maximum value at about 3°C of ambient water temperature. However, in the case of the downward-facing surface it increased as the ambient water temperature increased.     

Characteristics of turbulent flow in the annuli with smooth and rough surfaces

The structure of turbulence of fully developed flow through three concentric annuli with rough walls shown in Fig. 1 was investigated experimentally for Reynolds number range of Re =15000−66000. Time mean velocity distribution, friction factor, turbulence intensity and turbulent kinetic energy in annuli of three radius ratios of α=0.26, 0.39 and 0.56 for four cases of roughness type were measured. The results show that the structure of turbulence in these asymmetric flows is significantly different depending on the roughness wall position. An experimental study for the case of a smooth annulus was also carried out for a benchmarking purpose. The velocity distributions and friction factors are also presented and discussed.     

Turbulent natural convection flow and heat transfer in an inclined square enclosure

Numerical analysis was performed for the two-dimensional turbulent natural convection in an inclined enclosure. The enclosure has two walls which one is heated and the other cooled, and has the other two walls of the linear temperature distributions. The inclined angle is equal to zero when the wall of linear temperature was horizontal and increases counter-clockwise. The mean continuity, mean momentum and mean energy equations have been obtained by using the conventional time-averaging procesure. The turbulent model has been applied ak-ε two equation model of turbulence similar to the one proposed by the Launder and Spalding. Numerical results were studied for a series of inclined angle, ranging from 0° to 60° and for a Grashof number range of 6×10⁶∼10⁸. The average heat transfer rate on hot wall is shown maximum value at 30° regardless of Grashof number taken here. When Gr≥5×10⁷ and θ≥45°, the flow region of whole enclosure became a significant turbulence. This paper was presented at the International Symposium on the Refined Flow Modeling and Turbulent Measurement. Iowa City, Iowa, U.S.A., 1985     

Numerical study of natural convection in a liquefied natural gas tank

Natural convection in a liquefied natural gas storage tank, which is caused by the heat absorption from the surrounding environment, is studied numerically by solving the conservation equations for mass, momentum, and energy with a commercial computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT. The present numerical results show that the interfacial heat transfer rate, which is directly related to the boil-offgas generation rate, strongly depends on the liquid-solid contact area. The contribution of the heat transfer rate from the vapor region is negligible compared with that from the liquid region. The effects of the external convection coefficient, tank size, and tank shape on the flow and temperature fields and on the interfacial heat flux are quantified.     

航空发动机短舱空间温度分布数值模拟与分析

通过分析飞机发动机短舱的结构特点,发展了短舱空间温度分布的一维和三维数值计算方法.针对某型涡扇发动机的几种飞行状态,确立了其短舱流动和换热的计算模型,数值模拟了发动机短舱内的温度分布,并对计算结果进行了比较和分析.从计算结果可以看出,沿轴向短舱内的温度分布规律几乎与涡扇发动机沿轴向的温度分布规律是一致的.因此,若保证短舱内的温度不超温,必须降低涡扇发动机向短舱内的热传递,特别是涡扇发动机高温部件向短舱内的传热.     

Numerical study on natural convection in three-dimensional rectangular enclosures

Natural convection in three-dimensional rectangular enclosures has been analyzed numerically using a strongly stabilized QUICK (Quadratic Upstream Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) scheme. Computations are performed for the different cases of temperature boundary conditions to see the effect of temperature disturbance on three-dimensional motion. The effect of the Rayleigh number is mainly investigated and two dimensional approximation limit is examined as well. The results show that the temperature disturbance imposed on the end wall reinforces the axial flow and magnifies the three-dimensional effect.     

基于离散元理论的振动筛分数值模拟程序开发

依据离散元法理论对直线振动筛分过程进行了数值仿真,给出了程序运行的逻辑结构,并通过讨论确定了碰撞模型所选取的碰撞参数。通过引入CPU与GPU混合并行运算方法提高了数值仿真的运算效率,并依据运算结果讨论了并行运算对离散元三维数值仿真的影响。     

基于离散元理论的振动筛分数值模拟程序开发

依据离散元法理论对直线振动筛分过程进行了数值仿真,给出了程序运行的逻辑结构,并通过讨论确定了碰撞模型所选取的碰撞参数。通过引入CPU与GPU混合并行运算方法提高了数值仿真的运算效率,并依据运算结果讨论了并行运算对离散元三维数值仿真的影响。     

缩放管内脉动流动对流换热的数值模拟研究

通过数值模拟计算,研究在不同脉动频率、脉动振幅下的管内流体脉动对缩放管的传热和阻力的影响。研究结果表明:管内流体脉动能够强化缩放管的传热效果,相比稳态时,传热被强化了约为16%;管内流体脉动在一定条件下,也会增大缩放管的沿程阻力。     

翅片热板散热器的传热数值模拟研究

采用有限元法,应用ANSYS软件的热分析功能对翅片热板散热器的传热性能进行了数值模拟,并计算出该散热器表面的瞬态温度变化曲线,与实验测试结果吻合得较好.最后的研究结果表明:所研制的新型功率电子元器件翅片热板散热器散热性能良好,具有良好的启动性能和等温性能.     

新型并联机床的固有特性研究

新型并联机是空间多环机构在数控机床不上的应用,本文建立了该机庆的弹性动力学有限元模型,并确定了机床的结构参数种典型的加工轨迹,经过有限元实例计算得到了机床一阶有频率变化曲线,通过对计算结果的分析得出机床固有频率随机床结构参数和刀头姿态变化的规律。本文的研究对在机床设计阶段提高机床的动力学性能具有重要意义。     

Forced convection in a circular pipe with a partially filled porous medium

A study of forced convection in a circular pipe with a partially filled porous medium was numerically investigated. The Brinkman-Forchheimer extension of the Darcy model was used to analyze the and temperature distribution in the porous medium. Our study includes two types of porous layer configurations : (1) a layer attached at the tube wall extending inward towards the centerline and (2) a layer at the centerline extending outward. The effect of several parameters, such as Darcy number, effective viscosity, effective thermal conductivity, and inertia parameter, as well as the effect of geometric parameters, were investigated.     

Modelling of surface temperature measurement errors in vertical natural convection cooled channels

This paper describes a methodology and numerical procedure for calculation of surface temperature measurement errors in buoyant channel flow applied to the case of surface-mounted thermocouples. Heat transfer calculations within the channel are based on initial measurement information and performed via a marching numerical procedure. The results of these calculations are in turn utilized for the determination of surface measurement errors modelled with emphasis on the thermocouple-induced local heat sink and convective stray losses. The influence of measurement location and channel width on the surface measurement error is numerically investigated for a group of air-cooled channels with results presented in graphical form.     

Skew sliding of an elastic cylinder: An investigation of convection in contact

The effect of surface strains on the local slip angle, when an infinite cylinder is slid skew-wise across an elastically similar half-plane is found. It is shown that local frictional orthogonality is not completely consistent with global orthogonality.     

内燃机连杆机构的建模与运动仿真

介绍了在Pro/E和MATLAB环境下,运用内燃机连杆机构的实例来建立数值模型,进行建模程序的编制,对连杆机构进行了运动仿真,并对活塞等主要运动部件的运动规律及受力情况进行分析计算.文章介绍的仿真方法为曲柄连杆机构的选型、优化设计提供了一种简便有效的新思路.     

Characterization of Erosion of Metallic Materials Under Cavitation Attack in a Mineral Oil

Cavitation erosion and erosion rates of eight metallic materials representing three crystal structures were studied. The erosion experiments were conducted with a 20-kHz ultrasonic electrostrictive oscillator in a viscous mineral oil. The erosion rates of the metals and alloys varied over three orders of magnitude. The erosion rates of brittle metals, iron, and molybdenum were higher than that of the titanium alloy but lower than the rest of the soft ductile metals and alloys. Studies with scanning electron microscopy indicated that the cavitation pits were initially formed at the grain boundaries and precipitates and that the pits formed at the junction of grain boundaries grew faster than the others. Transcrystalline craters formed by cavitation attack over the surface of grains and roughened the surfaces by multiple slip and twinning. Surface roughness measurements showed that the pits formed over the grain boundaries deepened faster than other pits. Computer analysis revealed that a geometric expression describes the normalized erosion curves during the time period 0.5 t₀ < t < 2.5 t₀, where t₀ is the incubation period. The fcc metals had very short incubation periods; the titanium alloy had the longest incubation period.     

Experimental studies on heat transfer in the annuli with corrugated inner tubes

Experimental heat transfer data for single-phase water flow in the annuli with corrugated inner tubes are presented. In the annuli with parallel flow, ten different annular arrangements are considered. For water (low rate in l,700<Re<13,000 regime, data for Nusselt numbers are presented. The results show significant effects of both the pitch to trough height ratio (P/e) and the radius ratio (r ^*). AsP/e becomes closer to 8 in the range below the radius ratio(r ^*) of 0.5. Nusselt numbers increase. However, Nusselt numbers decrease in the range above the radius ratio (r^*) of 0.5 because flow reattachment position becomes farther in the narrower clearance.     

Comparison of buoyancy and surface tension in a square cavity

Laminar natural convection induced by free surface temperature gradient has been investigated numerically. Buoyancy effect and surface tension effect were made to oppose against each other. For fluid of unit Prandtl number and cavity of unit aspect ratio, the flow field was examined to determine the relative importance of surface tension force and buoyancy force. The flow patterns of each regime are: free surface-concentrated streamlines for surface tension flows, opposite direction circulation for buoyancy driven flows, and surface tension cell above with buoyancy driven cell below for mixed flows. The borderlines of each flow regime were obtained by interpolation and the flow regime map was obtained.