植酸酶降解豆粕粉与玉米粉释放有效磷条件的研究

试验以豆粕粉和玉米粉为底物,研究植酸酶在不同温度、pH值条件下的生物活性.结果表明:以玉米粉为作用对象,植酸酶最适酶解pH值为4.0,最适酶解温度为33℃;以豆粕粉为作用对象,植酸酶最适酶解pH值为4.0,最适酶解温度为35℃.     

聚乙烯醇环氧化载体制备及在植酸酶固定化中的应用

该文以聚乙烯醇为原料,利用戊二醛为交联剂,聚合得到交联球形聚乙烯醇,并将其与环氧氯丙烷反应用以固载环氧基团,得到可用于酶固定化的载体。讨论了交联聚乙烯醇球环氧基的固载条件和酶的固定化条件。植酸酶经过固定化后,机械性能和化学稳定性都得到提高,可以重复多次对植酸钠进行水解反应。同时对该自由酶和固定化酶进行酶学特性研究。发现自由酶和固定化酶的最适pH值分别为5.5和7.0,最适反应温度分别为55℃和70℃。植酸酶经固定化,提高了酶的操作、温度、pH值和贮藏稳定性。     

聚乙烯醇复合固定化植酸酶方法研究

分别以海藻酸钠、聚乙烯醇(PVA)及聚乙烯醇(PVA)-海藻酸钠复合凝胶为载体,对植酸酶进行固定化研究.结果表明,由于PVA复合凝胶的多孔性网状结构,有利于物质传递.海藻酸钠有助于阻止酶活力的漏失,包埋效果优于其他两种方法.植酸酶经过固定化后,机械性能和化学稳定性都得到提高,可以重复多次对植酸钠进行水解反应.同时对该自南酶和固定化酶进行酶学特性研究.发现自南酶和固定化酶的最适pH值分别为5.5和7.0,最适反应温度分别为45和60%.固定化酶的Km(20mg/mL)大于自由酶的Km(14 mg/mL).植酸酶红固定化,提高了酶的操作、温度和贮藏稳定性.     

大肠杆菌植酸酶AppA在毕赤酵母中的高效表达

本研究全基因合成大肠杆菌B48来源的植酸酶AppA基因,并将它克隆到PHKA载体上,在毕赤酵母GS115中进行分泌表达。为了进一步提高毕赤酵母中植酸酶的表达量,本研究结合信号肽、启动子、基因剂量和蛋白质折叠通量优化的方法,最终将毕赤酵母中植酸酶的活力从329.41 U/mL提高到了1892.51 U/mL,是初始菌株的5.75倍。初步测定了植酸酶AppA的基本酶学性质,其最适温度和pH分别为60 ℃和4.5;在60 ℃处理60 min后,植酸酶活力剩余40%,温度稳定性较差;在pH 6.0~7.0处理6 h后,酶活力剩余87%,该酶在弱酸环境中有较好的稳定性;同时研究了二价金属离子对植酸酶活力的影响,Fe2+能够激活植酸酶AppA的活力,而Cu2+、Ni2+、Mn2+等离子通过与植酸形成络合物而抑制植酸酶AppA的活力。该酶在酸性条件下的强稳定性有利于将其应用于食品加工领域。     

麸皮中植酸酶的研究

经研究采用最优的提取工艺，1kg麸皮可以得到活力为2.7×106u／g的粉末状植酸酶7g，分别在不同的温度和pH值条件下测定此植酸酶的活力，得到它的最适温度和pH值分别为55℃和5.2，米氏常数为3.3×10(-4)mol／l。用此麸皮植酸酶催化水解米糠植酸盐，植酸磷的水解率高达99.95％。     

一种耐热性植酸酶的分离纯化及其酶学性质研究

采用半固态发酵方式培养泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori)AS3.324,通过有机膜超滤、阴离子交换层析、凝胶层析后,得到纯化的植酸酶。酶学性质表明,其反应最适温度为50-55℃,最适pH为5.5,在37℃下以植酸钠为底物的Km值为1.03 nmol/L,Vmax为2.13μmol/(L.min)。EDTA基本不影响植酸酶活性;Ca2+,Mg2+,Mn2+对植酸酶活性有轻微的抑制作用;Fe2+,Zn2+对酶促反应有显著的抑制作用。对该酶的耐热性研究表明,经较高温度条件处理后,仍有较高残余酶活性,与当今商品化的植酸酶相比,有较强的耐热性。泡盛曲霉植酸酶作为动物饲料添加剂具有广泛的应用前景。     

重组毕赤酵母产植酸酶的性质初步研究

对基因工程重组酵母的植酸酶进行分离和纯化,并考察纯化酶的酶学性质。结果表明,该植酸酶酶蛋白分子量为60ku;有2个pH值活力峰:pH值为3.5和pH值为5.5;最适反应温度为60℃;在37℃下以植酸钠为底物的反应初速度为128μmol/(L·min),米氏常数为228μmol/L;Cu2+对此酶有较强的抑制作用;Mg2+,Ca2+,Al3+,Fe2+,Co2+,Zn2+和EDTA等对酶活性影响不大。     

构巢曲霉产植酸酶的酶学特性分析

从构巢曲霉AnP-16菌株发酵液中纯化单一组分的耐热耐酸植酸酶,并对酶学特性进行分析,为其在食品工业中的应用提供理论依据。通过硫酸铵盐析、离子交换层析和疏水层析纯化植酸酶,SDS-PAGE电泳测定其分子量。结果表明,从该菌株发酵液中纯化到了单一组分的植酸酶,纯化倍数60.8倍、回收率41.6%,酶分子量约52 kDa。植酸酶最适作用温度和pH分别为55 ℃和pH4.0,在pH3.0~6.0范围酶活性较高,pH2.0~7.0下孵育3 h,仍能保持80%以上活性。植酸酶耐热性好,70 ℃孵育1 h仍能保持81%活性。Hg²⁺、Mn²⁺、Fe²⁺、Cu²⁺和Zn²⁺ 5 mmol/L浓度下对酶活性有明显抑制作用,但Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺在1和5 mmol/L浓度时均增强酶活性;有机溶剂甲醇和乙醇在2%浓度有激活作用;SDS抑制酶活性,但其它表面活性剂(Triton X-100和Tween 80)和有机溶剂(丙酮和异戊醇)对酶活性无明显影响。植酸酶有宽泛的底物特异性,但对植酸钠的催化活性最强,其K_m值为0.576 mmol/L。基于植酸酶耐酸耐热及宽广的底物催化活性,其有望应用于粮油食品加工领域,提高食品的营养价值。     

高产耐热型植酸酶菌株ZJ0702发酵条件优化

目的:对自行分离得到的耐热型植酸酶高产菌株芽孢杆菌ZJ0702发酵条件进行优化,以提高植酸酶的活力.方法:采用单因素试验,研究培养基组分和培养条件对该菌株产植酸酶活力的影响.结果:经优化得到的培养基组分为3.5%麸皮、2%蛋白胨、0.5%硝酸铵、0.01%无机磷、0.2%CaCl2、0.05%KCl、0.03%MgSO4、0.003%FeSO4、0.003%MnSO4、0.03%NaCl;最适培养条件为34℃,接种量7%,pH 7.0,装液量75mL/250mL.在上述培养条件下该菌株发酵72 h产植酸酶活力达到最高值,为11388.4U/mL.结论:与该菌株在原始条件下产酶活力8251 U/mL相比,酶活提高了38%.     

高温放线菌GPL1纤维素酶的酶学性质研究

对高温放线菌GPLl产生的纤维素酶系进行了酶学性质研究,结果表明该酶系的Cx酶、Cl酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶三个酶组分的活性分别为7.11IU、0.052IU和0.47 IU.三个酶组分的最适作用温度分别为65℃、60℃和70℃、最适pH分别为7.0、7.5和5.5,Cx酶在低于70℃的温度和pH大于6.0的条件下有较好的稳定性,Cl酶在低于65℃的温度和pH大于7.0的条件下有较好的稳定性,β-葡萄糖苷酶在低于65℃的温度和pH大于6.0的条件下有较好的稳定性.Ca2 、Fe2 和Ba2 对Cx酶有弱抑制活性,Mg2 、Cu2 、Ag 、Mn2 、Zn2 、Co2 对Cx酶有较强的激活作用.Cx酶的Km值为6.19 mg/mL,Vmax为6.39 mg/mL.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the