决策树算法在蛋白质二级结构预测问题中的应用研究

论文将决策树算法应用于蛋白质二级结构预测中,在蛋白质二级结构预测应用研究中,我们指出了在蛋白质二级结构预测问题中决策树分类属性的选择方法和决策树分类方法和决策树剪枝方法,并且比较了改进后的决策树算法和c45决策树算法在蛋白质二级结构预测问题中的应用效果。     

基于粗糙集理论的决策树分类方法

决策树是数据挖掘中常用的分类方法。本文提出了基于粗糙集的决策树方法,利用粗糙集近似精确度来选择决策树的根节点,分支由分类产生。该方法计算简单,易于理解。本文还提出用悲观剪枝法简化决策树,提高决策树的预测与分类能力。实例说明了本文方法均简单有效。     

基于知识粗糙度的混合变量决策树生成方法

单变量决策树难以反映信息系统属性间的关联作用,构造的决策树往往规模较大。多变量决策树能较好地反映属性间的关系,得到非常简单的决策树,但使构造的决策树难以理解。针对以上两种决策树特点,提出了基于知识粗糙度的混合变量决策树的构造方法,选择知识粗糙度较小的分类属性来构造决策树。实验结果表明,这是一种操作简单、效率很高的决策树生成方法。     

基于数据挖掘的决策树方法分析

决策树方法因其简单、直观、准确率高等特点在数据挖掘及数据分析中得到了广泛的应用。在介绍了决策树方法的一般知识后,深入分析了决策树的生成算法与模型,并对决策树的剪枝过程进行了探讨。     

基于代表性数据的决策树集成*

为了获得更好的决策树集成效果,在理论分析的基础上从数据的角度提出了一种基于代表性数据的决策树集成方法。该方法使用围绕中心点的划分(PAM)算法从原始训练集中提取出代表性训练集,由该代表性训练集来训练出多个决策树分类器,并由此建立决策树集成模型。该方法能选取尽可能少的代表性数据来训练出尽可能好的决策树集成模型。实验结果表明,该方法使用更少的代表性数据能获得比Bagging和Boosting还要高的决策树集成精度。     

基于相对熵的决策树生成方法

决策树是一种重要的数据分类方法,在构造决策树的过程中,测试属性的选择直接影响到决策树中结点的个数和深度,基于相对熵的概念提出了一种新的决策树构造方法。实例分析的结果表明:在决策树的构造上,粗糙集理论中相对熵的方法计算量较小,构造的决策树比经典ID3,C4.5算法简洁,并且具有较高的分类精度。     

基于知识粗糙度的混合变量决策树生成方法

单变量决策树难以反映信息系统属性间的关联作用,构造的决策树往往规模较大.多变量决策树能较好地反映属性间的关系,得到非常简单的决策树,但使构造的决策树难以理解.针对以上两种决策树特点,提出了基于知识粗糙度的混合变量决策树的构造方法,选择知识粗糙度较小的分类属性来构造决策树.实验结果表明,这是一种操作简单、效率很高的决策树生成方法.     

决策树算法的研究及其改进

该文主要探讨了基于数据仓库的数据挖掘技术中分类算法的决策树算法的基础理论和实施方法,分析并改进了分类方法中决策树算法;并在决策树预剪枝算法中,利用父结点与当前结点信息嫡的比值来作为是否停止决策树扩张的评判标准。     

决策树在信息检索中的性能研究

决策树算法是分类发现中最常见的一种方法.它主要是通过构造决策树来发现数据蕴含的分类规则.如何构造精度高、规模小的决策树是决策树算法的核心内容.本文主要是通过实验,分别对基于决策树和基于决策树提取规则的深度优先和广度优先的方法进行文本分类的实验,对其性能进行研究比较.     

属性频率划分和信息熵离散化的决策树算法

决策树是数据挖掘任务中分类的常用方法。在构造决策树的过程中,节点划分属性选择的度量直接影响决策树分类的效果。基于粗糙集的属性频率函数方法度量属性重要性,并用于分枝划分属性的选择和决策树的预剪枝,提出一种决策树学习算法。同时,为了能处理数值型属性,利用数据集的统计性质为启发式知识,提出了一种改进的数值型属性信息熵离散化算法。实验结果表明,新的离散化方法计算效率有明显提高,新的决策树算法与基于信息熵的决策树算法相比较,结构简单,且能有效提高分类效果。     

A Nonlinear Integral Defined on Partition and its Application to Decision Trees

Nonlinear integrals play an important role in information fusion. So far, all existing nonlinear integrals of a function with respect to a set function are defined on a subset of a space. In many of the problems with information fusion, such as decision tree generation in inductive learning, we often need to deal with the function defined on a partition of the space. Motivated by minimizing the classification information entropy of a partition while generating decision trees, this paper proposes a nonlinear integral of a function with respect to a nonnegative set function on a partition, and provides the conclusion that the sum of the weighted entropy of the union of several subsets is not less than the sum of the weighted entropy of a single subset. It is shown that selecting the entropy of a single attribute is better than selecting the entropy of the union of several attributes in generating rules by decision trees.     

Reliability analysis of a repairable duplex system

We analyse the survival time of a repairable duplex system characterised by cold standby and by a pre-emptive priority rule. We allow general probability distributions for failure and repair. Moreover, an important realistic feature of the system is the general assumption that the non-priority unit has a memory. This combination of features has not been analysed in the previous literature. Our (new) methodology is based on a concatenation of a Cauchy-type integral representation of the modified Heaviside unit-step function and a two-sided stochastic inequality. Finally, we introduce a security interval related to a security level and a suitable risk-criterion based on the survival function of the system. As a practical application, we analyse some particular cases of the survival function jointly with the security interval corresponding to a security level of 90.     

A simulation-based heuristic algorithm for disposition of direction finders

A direction finder is a military weapon that is used to find locations of targets that emit radio frequencies. Multiple direction finders are used in a direction finder system for finding locations of targets in an area of interest. We present a two-stage heuristic algorithm for disposing direction finders in a direction finder system for the objective of maximizing the accuracy of estimation of the location of a target that is assumed to be located in the area of interest. In the suggested heuristic algorithm, a simulation-based method is used for estimating the probability of coverage, the probability that a target is in a given region (of a given size) surrounding the estimated location of the target, and another simulation-based method and a local search method are used to determine locations of direction finders that result in the maximum probability of coverage. Performance of the suggested algorithm is evaluated through computational experiments and results show that the algorithm gives a good disposition plan in a reasonable amount of computation time.     

The conversion of a dynamic B-spline curve into piecewise polynomials in power form

The evaluation of points and the computations of inflection points or cusps on a curve are often necessary in CAGD applications. When a curve is represented in a B-spline form, such computations can be made easier once it is transformed into a set of piecewise polynomial curves in power form. The usual practice of the transformation of a B-spline curve into a set of piecewise polynomial curves in power form is done either by a knot refinement followed by basis conversions, or by applying a Taylor expansion on each knot span of a B-spline curve.Presented in this paper is a new algorithm to convert a B-spline curve into a set of piecewise polynomial curves in power form. Experiment shows that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional approach when one or more control points of a B-spline curve are continuously moving.     

Performance study of a water ramjet engine

A performance study of a water ramjet engine is described.The engine is powered by the reaction of a magnesium-based propellant and ingested water.In this study,a solid propellant,which consisted of a large percentage of magnesium,a binder and a small amount of oxidant,was used as a hydro reactive fuel.Cold water was injected into the combustion chamber as a main oxidant.A scaled-down experimental engine was tested in a direct-connect ground testing system to characterize the factors influencing the engine ...     

Learning criterion and inductive behaviour

Inductive behaviours may be classified according to their aim. We intend to show that there are at least two kinds of inductive behaviours. Most of the publications seem to take into consideration only one of these: to copy as exactly as possible the behaviour of a probability process. After a brief discussion to explain the necessity of a learning criterion and a recall about one criterion, representative of most of them, we shall define a new criterion, and show why it is better fitted to learn the laws of a deterministic process from a set of observations.This criterion has been used to implement a program which builds an acceptor of natural language sentences in a CAI environment using a tutorial strategy, and then for a question answering device. As attractive as the results are, their improvement requires a semantic model. We give the basic principles of a model which we currently develop, and whose main feature is approximation.     

Curvature weighted gradient based shape orientation

Determining the orientation of a shape is a common task in many image processing applications. It is usually part of the image preprocessing stages and further processing may rely on an adequate method to determine the orientation. There are several methods for computing the orientation of a shape, each of them with its own strengths and weaknesses; a method which performs outstandingly for one application may have a poor performance for a different application. In this paper we present a new method for computing shape orientation based on the projection of the tangent vectors of a shape onto a line and weighting them using a function of the curvature. Some of the results from ?uni? (2008) [14] are particular cases of the results presented here.     

A disruption recovery plan in a three-stage production-inventory system

This paper proposes a recovery plan for managing disruptions in a three-stage production-inventory system under a mixed production environment. First, a mathematical model is developed to deal with a disruption at any stage while maximizing total profit during the recovery-time window. The model is solved after the occurrence of a disruption event, with changed data used to generate a revised plan. We also propose a new and efficient heuristic for solving the developed mathematical model. Second, multiple disruptions are considered, where a new disruption may or may not affect the recovery plans of earlier disruptions. The heuristic, developed for a single disruption, is extended to deal with a series of disruptions so that it can be implemented for disruption recovery on a real-time basis. We compare the heuristic solutions with those obtained by a standard search algorithm for a set of randomly generated disruption test problems, and that show the consistent performance of our developed heuristic with lower computational times. Finally, some numerical examples and a real-world case study are presented to demonstrate the benefits and usefulness of our proposed approach.     

Computing isophotos of surface of revolution and canal surface

Isophote of a surface consists of a loci of surface points whose normal vectors form a constant angle with a given fixed vector. It also serves as a silhouette curve when the constant angle is given as π/2. We present efficient and robust algorithms to compute isophotes of a surface of revolution and a canal surface. For the two kinds of surfaces, each point on the isophote is derived by a closed-form solution. To find each connected component in the isophote, we utilize the feature of surface normals. Both surfaces are decomposed into a set of circles, where the surface normal vectors at points on each circle construct a cone. The vectors which form a constant angle with given fixed vector construct another cone. We compute the parametric range of the connected component of the isophote by computing the parametric values of the surface which derive the tangential intersection of these two cones.