对位芳纶纤维的动态力学分析

基于对对位芳纶纤维及对位芳纶纸进行动态力学分析,探究了对位芳纶纤维在一定频率的交变力作用下的应变行为及纸基材料内部分子的运动。研究表明,温度由低到高时,对位芳纶纸基材料经历了玻璃态、高弹态、黏流态3种不同的状态;由于结晶度较高的对位芳纶短切纤维的贡献,配抄纸样的初始储能模量高于纯浆粕纤维;热压可以使芳纶浆粕纤维发生重结晶,提高结晶度,有利于改善纤维的储能模量;通过动态力学温度谱图,可以从微观角度说明抄造芳纶纸用的对位芳纶短切纤维和对位芳纶浆粕纤维的共混性很好。     

热压工艺对间位芳纶复合纸微结构与性能的影响

热压工艺是提高湿法成形芳纶纸基材料性能的重要环节。本实验采用SEM观察了间位芳纶复合纸表面及横截面在热压过程中的微观结构变化规律,并借助图像分析技术,分析了间位芳纶复合纸纸张孔隙结构的变化,结合间位芳纶复合纸力学性能,优化了间位芳纶复合纸的热压工艺,当热压温度为130℃时,间位芳纶复合纸的紧度、抗张强度、伸长率分别约为未经热压处理时的4、5和7倍。     

热塑性黏结纤维增强对位芳纶纸的研究

针对对位芳纶纸强度低的特性,本试验着重研究了一种新型热塑性黏结纤维Y对芳纶1414纸基复合材料物理强度、介电性能及纸张表面的影响,通过设计正交实验,探讨了热压工艺对复合对位芳纶纸的增强效果。结果表明,在黏结纤维Y用量为10%时(对总的绝干纤维量),芳纶1414纸基复合材料可以达到较为理想的增强效果,在此条件下制得的对位芳纶纸主要强度指标分别为抗张指数77.03N.m/g,撕裂指数24.10mN.m2/g,伸长率1.75%,耐电压强度16.33kV/mm,300℃下纸张热失重为9.01%。另一方面,复合对位芳纶纸的正交热压实验表明,对于成纸的机械强度和介电性能,预热温度为最主要影响因素,热压压力和压辊转速次之,热压次数影响相对较小;复合对位芳纶纸最佳热压工艺条件为:预热温度180℃,热压压力14MPa,热压次数1次,辊子转速1r/min。     

芳纶1313浆粕结构形态及其对成纸性能的影响

对芳纶1313浆粕(简称芳纶浆粕)进行筛分,重点研究了不同筛分芳纶浆粕的结构、纤维形态及其对芳纶纸性能的影响。以不同筛分芳纶浆粕的纤维平均长度、结晶度、相对分子质量、比表面积和打浆度对芳纶浆粕结构和纤维形态进行表征,以不同筛分芳纶浆粕与芳纶短切纤维配抄的芳纶纸的物理性能来评价成纸性能。结果表明,芳纶浆粕比表面积和打浆度对未热压芳纶纸性能影响较大,比表面积大和打浆度高的芳纶浆粕适合抄造未热压芳纶纸;而芳纶浆粕相对分子质量和热压后结晶度对热压芳纶纸性能影响较大,中等相对分子质量的芳纶浆粕适合抄造热压芳纶纸。     

热压工艺对对位芳纶纸强度性能的影响

探讨了热压压力、热压温度以及热压次数对对位芳纶纸强度性能的影响,并利用扫描电镜对热压前后的纸张结构进行观察。结果表明:与芳纶原纸相比,热压后对位芳纶纸的紧度、抗张指数和撕裂指数显著提高,但随热压工艺参数的变化有不同的规律。固定热压温度为160℃,在热压压力为2~5MPa的范围内提高压力,紧度和抗张指数增加不明显,而撕裂指数有下降趋势;固定热压压力为2MPa,在温度120~180℃范围内提高温度,紧度增加幅度不大,而抗张指数和撕裂指数则随温度的升高呈现出先升高后降低的趋势,在温度为140℃时达最大值。较佳的热压工艺为:热压压力2MPa、热压温度140℃、热压次数5次,此时纸张的抗张指数和撕裂指数分别为43.8N.m/g和30.9 mN.m2/g。     

热压对间位芳纶纸表面形态、结构和物理性能的影响研究

实验中将芳纶短切纤维和沉析纤维(浆粕)按照一定比例混抄、热压,系统地研究了热压对间位芳纶纸的纤维形态、物理结构、表面性能及某些物理性能的影响。结果表明:热压对纸张的性能影响很大,热压后纸张的表面变得平整光滑,略为半透明状,内部结构更加紧密。同时,芳纶纸的紧度、抗张强度和伸长率随热压温度的升高而增大,与未压纸相比,热压温度达到130℃时,纸张紧度达到3.92倍,抗张强度和伸长率也分别提高了4.65倍和7.23倍,继续提高热压温度,各性能指标的增长速率都趋于缓和。撕裂强度则是随热压温度的升高先增大后减小,热压温度达到130℃时,撕裂强度提高2.54倍,然后随温度的升高而降低,并最终趋于稳定值。     

采用响应面法研究制备工艺对对位芳纶纸吸收性的影响

采用响应面分析法研究制备工艺对对位芳纶纸吸收性能的影响,考察了热压温度、热压压力、短纤配比和浆粕打浆度4因素与对位芳纶纸吸收性能的相关性及其规律。结果表明,热压压力、热压温度和短纤配比对对位芳纶纸的吸收性均有非常显著的影响,热压温度和热压压力与对位芳纶纸的吸收性呈负相关,而短纤配比则与之呈正相关。通过优化多元回归结果建立对位芳纶纸的吸收性与制备工艺的二次多项式回归模型,模型回归显著(R2=0.9060),可以用于对位芳纶纸吸收性能的分析和预测。     

芳纶纸高温压光过程冷却段的传热模拟研究

经过320℃高温压光的芳纶纸在出压区冷却过程中纸面温度会急剧变化,导致纸幅收缩会对卷曲造成不利影响。为探究芳纶纸出压区后的降温情况,利用牛顿冷却定律和对比参量公式推导出芳纶纸低速热压光过程中的传热方式,借助Matlab软件模拟计算了单辊加热下芳纶纸离开压区后的温度,并与纸张的实际温度测量值进行了对比。结果表明,在压光机车速10 m/min、压光温度320℃条件下,芳纶纸出压区后的热对流形式以自然对流为主;芳纶纸在出压区初期降温较明显,在1 m的特征长度内芳纶纸的温度降至50.2℃,在5 m的假设特征长度内,芳纶纸的温度降至室温。     

热压工艺对芳香族聚酰胺纤维纸性能的影响

热压是芳纶纤维纸生产中至关重要的工序,本文重点探讨了热压温度和压力对芳纶纤维纸成纸性能的影响,并对其机理作了初步的分析和探讨。试验发现,随着热压温度的升高,芳纶纤维纸的抗张强度和撕裂度先上升后下降,而其耐压强度则随温度的升高呈下降趋势;但是,随着热压过程中线压力的增加,芳纶纤维纸的物理强度和绝缘性能则都呈先上升后下降的变化趋势。     

两种间位芳纶浆粕结晶性能的比较

芳纶浆粕的结晶性能对芳纶纸基材料的结构和重要性质有重大影响,采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)对两种间位芳纶浆粕(F1和F2)进行测试,得到F1和F2无定型部分的玻璃化转变温度在283℃左右处出现,F1和F2在370℃以上出现了冷结晶放热峰,且F2的冷结晶能力强于F1。用DTA-TG对F1和F2进行了等温结晶性能分析,结果表明,F1的玻璃化转变温度较F2的低,冷结晶峰顶温度较F2高;并对热压后F1和F2的结晶性能进行了研究。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press