两相区退火温度对低碳低硅TRIP钢组织和性能的影响

研究了0.11C-0.6Si-1.5Mn冷轧TRIP钢两相区退火温度对组织和力学性能的影响,结果表明,试验钢经780℃退火5 min和400℃等温5min处理后可以获得10％的残余奥氏体,较低或较高的退火温度都将使残余奥氏体量略微下降。当试验钢处理后的铁素体量为70％时,可以获得好的相变诱发塑性和好的强韧性配合,其强塑积可达21000 MPa·％。试验钢的应变硬化指数n值与铁素体量有好的相关性,随铁素体量的下降而下降,残余奥氏体量对其影响不大。     

热处理工艺对1000 MPa级含钒高强钢组织和性能的影响

对成分为0.24%C-1.5%Si-2.0%Mn-0.16%V的冷轧试验钢,经780℃两相区退火后进行350～480℃不同温度下等温淬火和380℃等温60～1 200 s不同时间热处理对比试验,结合力学性能、显微组织、XRD分析,研究了热处理工艺对试验钢组织和性能的影响。结果表明,试验钢在780℃两相区退火180 s后,经380℃等温淬火处理360 s,可获得抗拉强度1 029 MPa、强塑积20.1 GPa·%、加工硬化指数0.22的良好综合性能。提高或降低等温温度均使其强度升高,延伸率降低;而延长等温时间至1 200 s,其强度及延伸率变化不大,但出现明显屈服平台。等温淬火温度及时间对残余奥氏体体积分数具有重要影响,在350～410℃范围内提高等温淬火温度,碳原子扩散能力提高,使残余奥氏体含量从2.58%增大到3.86%;而更高的等温淬火温度下,由于马氏体相变被抑制,发生贝氏体相变,残余奥氏体迅速下降;等温淬火时间超过180 s完成碳原子向奥氏体扩散富集,使其残余奥氏体稳定在3.5%左右。     

两相区退火温度对TRIP钢组织性能的影响

 针对600 MPa级别TRIP钢,进行了760、780、800、820、840、860 ℃两相区退火温度试验,利用扫描电镜和拉伸试验机等设备,分析了其对应的组织比例和力学性能检验结果,得出结论：随着两相区退火温度的升高,铁素体体积分数逐渐减少,钢板的抗拉强度值不断增加,但伸长率值却先下降再升高,在820 ℃伸长率有最大值,这与820 ℃时较高残余奥氏体体积分数和最大残奥中碳质量分数相对应,说明TRIP效应可以改善钢板的塑性指标,获得最佳强塑组合;在800～820 ℃的两相区转变温度范围内,强塑积可以达到2.17×104 MPa·%,为600 MPa级TRIP钢退火工艺提供了实际指导。     

贝氏体区等温时间对低硅TRIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了0.15C-1.5Mn-1.5Al-0.3Si TRIP钢820℃2 min加热后快冷至450℃盐浴中保温5～300s空冷的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随在贝氏体转变区450℃等温时间的增加,该钢的屈服强度和伸长率增加,抗拉强度降低,等温时间60s时强塑积最佳,为23 000MPa%;等温时间≤60s时随等温时间增加钢中残余奥氏体含量增加,>60s时随等温时间的增加钢中残余奥氏体含量降低,60s时钢中残余奥氏体达到最高值,为14%。     

热处理工艺对钒微合金化冷轧TRIP钢组织性能影响研究

采用盐浴热处理方法配合性能检测及显微组织分析方法研究了热处理工艺对含钒冷轧TRIP钢组织性能的影响,结果表明试验钢在所采用的热处理工艺下其抗拉强度均达到700 MPa,且在780℃×60 s+400℃×180 s工艺下获得最佳综合性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度、断后伸长率、强塑积分别为514 MPa、738 MPa、29%、21 402 MPa·%;随着两相区退火温度的升高,两相区奥氏体所占的体积分数也越高,使最终组织中贝氏体及马氏体等强化相含量增多,造成试验钢强度上升、塑性下降;钒在试验钢中对残余奥氏体的积极作用并未体现,可能与退火时间较短和贝氏体区等温时钒碳(氮)化物重新析出消耗残余奥氏体中碳原子造成其含量及稳定性下降有关。     

奥氏体化时间对DP780冷轧双相钢组织和性能的影响

用连续退火模拟机研究了850℃奥氏体化时间(30～100 s)对1 mm厚DP780冷轧双相钢板(%:0.15C、1.80Mn、0.08Ti、0.04Al)组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当奥氏体化温度为850℃,以24℃/s冷却至460℃停留12 s,再以7℃/s冷却至室温的情况下,通过改变奥氏体化时间,可改变钢中马氏体含量和钢的抗拉强度。当奥氏体化时间较短时,马氏体呈带状连续分布,当奥氏体化时间较长时,马氏体带状连续性减弱;当奥氏体化时间在30、45、100 s时,该双相钢马氏体含量分别为13.7%、21.6%和15.6%,抗拉强度分别为800、840、805MPa。     

残余奥氏体及其稳定化对GCr15钢性能的影响

本文采用840℃加热55℃油淬后经160℃,10h等温(回火)热处理工艺,研究了残余奥氏体及其稳定化对GCrl5钢强韧性与接触疲劳寿命的影响。对比试验结果表明,经上述试验工艺处理后,可使其组织中的残余奥氏体发生稳定化。与常规工艺相比,含有15～16％残余奥氏体的试验工艺,其试样强度、塑(韧)性可达到最佳配合(HRC大于61),而且由于残余奥氏体的稳定化将有助于接触疲劳寿命的提高。     

热处理对TRIP 590钢微观组织及力学性能的影响

采用Gleeble3800热模拟机对TRIP钢拉伸试样进行不同工艺条件的快速热处理模拟实验,并采用金相分析、显微硬度测试等方法对试样进行组织观察和性能测试,目的是通过适宜的热处理工艺促使材料微观组织中出现适量的残余奥氏体组织,增强该材料在变形过程的相变诱导塑性(TRIP)效应,强化材料结果表明:在两相区内,TRIP钢中的残余奥氏体含量随着退火温度和退火时间的增加而增大,以25℃/s缓慢加热到700℃,再以150℃/s的速率快速加热到820℃保温120s后淬火处理,处理后的试样,残余奥氏体体积分数达到13％,显微硬度最高,达到262HV.     

0.1C-5Mn钢两相区退火后的残余奥氏体与力学性能

通过ART(奥氏体逆相变)热处理工艺,研究了两相区退火温度对0.1C-5Mn钢中残余奥氏体与力学性能的影响。采用SEM、XRD、室温拉伸等分析测试手段,表征了试验钢组织形貌、亚稳奥氏体含量以及力学性能。结果表明,试验钢经ART工艺处理后,室温组织主要由铁素体与残余奥氏体组成;随退火温度升高,试验钢中出现碳化物析出与再溶解,同时板条状形变马氏体回复多边化形成等轴铁素体,颗粒状奥氏体过冷转变为板条状和块状马氏体;630、645、660℃退火1h试样中奥氏体体积分数相近,分别为18.4%、19.5%、18.8%,随温度升高,奥氏体含量骤降,大量逆相变奥氏体转变为马氏体;综合不同退火温度,表明试验钢经660℃退火可获得最佳的综合力学性能。     

退火温度对0.2C-1.5Si-1.5Mn-(0.5Cu)TRIP 钢组织的影响

用彩色金相法、X 射线衍射、扫描电镜研究了成分(%)为 0.2C-1.5Si-1.5Mn和0.2C-1.5Si-1.5Mn-0.5Cu TRIP钢 750～780℃不同退火温度对组织的影响。结果表明,含0.5 %Cu TRIP钢750℃、760℃、780℃退火的残余奥氏体体积含量为15.2 %～17.2 % ,770℃退火为15.2 %～15.7% ;不含CuTRIP钢760℃和770℃退火的残余奥氏体体积含量分别为12.5 %～12.9%和14.6 %～15.1% ,低于750℃和780℃退火的奥氏体量分别为17.0 %～17.5%和16.0 %～16.4%。随退火温度由750℃提高至780℃ ,两种钢中的铁素体量由～70%降至～5 0% ,贝氏体量由～10%增至～30%     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.