Gall-bladder changes in diabetics (author''s transl)]

The author provides a summary of developments in peer review and Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs) within APA, the federal government, and the American Medical Association between June 1974 and June 1975. He discusses the reaction of the medical profession to the interim guidelines from the U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and the problems of financing PSROs. He concludes that the key issues for PSROs and peer review in general are the availability and effectiveness of local review components, and that lack of involvement on the part of psychiatry will only ensure that nonpsychiatrists will design the review procedures.     

Lambda waves in the neonate (author''s transl)]

Different types of sharp elements can be observed over the occipital regions from the 2nd postnatal week in the open-eyed child, with active eye movement but practically no body movement. Certain of these sharply localised elements in the occipital midlin are identical to adult lambda waves. Their early occurrence calls to mind the emergence of visual function and attention, these latter occurring at the end of the neonatal period between 7 and 9 days.     

Adherence phenomena in Trypanosoma congolense (author''s transl)]

Two adherence phenomena in Trypanosoma congolense as a possible cause of trypanosome aggregation in the capillaries of certain organs are described: 1. Adherence of trypanosomes to blood cells of nonimmune mice, 2. dovetailing of trypanosome membranes into one another and into the vessel wall.     

Fibre optic bronchoscopy in children (author''s transl)]

Alterations in the activity of rat liver monoxygenases were studied in dynamics of cholestasis development after ligation of biliary duct and the effects observed were compared to the latter after addition of cholesterol hydroxylated derivatives in vitro. Sodium deoxycholate at concentration 0.06-0.07% was shown to stimulate the alterations in the microsomal monooxygenases activity within fourth day and at concentration 0.09-0.12%--within seventh day of cholestasis.     

Creatine phosphokinase in thyroid disease (author''s transl)]

The mere presence of uterine fibroids is not, since qua non, an indication for their surgical removal. Knowing when not to operate is probably more important for the physician than knowing when to operate. It is easy to fall into diagnostic and therapeutic traps when uterine fibroids are known to be present, especially when they occur concomitantly with a condition such as irregular uterine bleeding, infertility, or pregnancy. The contributions of such conditions to problems in diagnosing and managing fibroids must be kept in mind by the prudent physician; a decision in favor of medical rather than surgical management is often best.     

Clinico-pathological study of chronic thyroiditis (author''s transl)]

Physiological responses to exercise and anthropometry were measured in several groups of physical laborers. The groups included Colombian sugar cane cutters, sugar cane loaders and general farm laborers. In addition, migrant workers and civil service laborers from the United States were studied. The Colombian populations were generally shorter, weighed less and had less body fat than the United States group. The nutritional state of the Colombian groups, as measured by the hematocrit, hemoglobin, serum albumin and total blood protein, appeared normal. The aerobic power of the Colombia populations was significantly larger than the United States groups. The larger aerobic power of the Colombian groups is probably related to greater physical fitness associated with the physical demands of their occupations.     

Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula in children (author''s transl)

In the Nude mouse: 1. Xenografts of human tumours often grew successfully. 2. There was very little growth in allografts of actively-growing normal tissue from Swiss mice. 3. Transplants of mature tissue from the toad failed to grow.     

Oral mucosal grafts in laryngeal reconstruction (author''s transl)]

Thirty-one children with behavioural problems and learning difficulties were allergy tested for sensitivity to salicylates, artificial colours and flavours, eighteen children had a positive response, and 15 of these were given the Australian Version of the Feingold K.P. diet. Ninety-three per cent responded with improved behaviour in the areas of overactivity, distractability, impulsiveness and excitability. Sleep and enuresis problems were resolved partially or completely. This study demonstrates that the aforementioned elimination diet significantly affects behaviour.     

Intraocular pressure in snorkling and diving (author''s transl)]

The in vitro susceptibility of 145 anaerobic clinical isolates and 96 gram-positive aerobic clinical isolates to josamycin, a new macrolide antibiotic, was studied using the agar dilution technique. Ninety-five of the aerobes were susceptible to 1.56 mug or less of josamycin per ml. The median minimal inhibitory concentration of these organisms was 相似文献   

Pulmonary perfusion scan, pulmonary function studies and tuberculin sensitivity in aortitis syndrome (author''s transl)

Brine aerosol inhalations cause reactions of the nasal mucous membrane and the submucousal vascular bed as is shown by rhinomanometric examinations of healthy persons and patients suffering from various kinds of rhinitis. Changes in the resistance as a whole differ from those in partial resistances. The reactions are depending on the form of inhalation, the spectrum and concentration of the aerosol, climatic parameters and the pathophysiologic condition of the nasal mucosa.     

A genealogical study of Steinert''s disease (author''s transl)]

Kniest's disease (spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia) was recently described by Maroteaux and Spranger. A second familial case is studied. Transmission of the disease occurred as a dominant trait.     

Nortropane-3beta-acetic acid, tropaquinuclidine and dehydrotropaquinuclidine (author''s transl)]

The greater decrease of conduction velocity in sensory than in motor fibres of the peroneal, median and ulnar nerves (particularly in the digital segments) found in patients with chronic carbon disulphide poisoning, permitted the diagnosis of polyneuropathy to be made in the subclinical stage, even while the conduction in motor fibres was still within normal limits. A process of axonal degeneration is presumed to underlie occurrence of neuropathy consequent to carbon disulphide poisoning.     

Obliterative angiopathy of placental stem villi (author''s transl)]

Fixed retinae of chick embryos and chicks of the first week after hatching were fractured and examined with the scanning electron microscope. The matrix cells of the retina proliferate up to the beginning of the second week. The migrating cells are oriented in cell cords. This columnar organizaion prevails up to the development of the plexiform layers formed as a consequence of the outgrowth of the dendritic and axonal cell processes. Special attention was paid to the differentiation of the ganglion, bipolar and receptor cells, and the radial fibers (Müller cells). Two main morphological patterns are significant for the organization of the retina during neurogenesis: a)the cell to cell contacts of migrating cells and b)the spatial arrangement of Müller cells which could provide guidelines for migration of neuronal elements.     

Immunoblastic lymphoid hyperplasia resembling a tumour, due to drug hypersensitivity (author''s transl)]

An evaluation of dorsal longitudinal myelotomy in the management of spasticity of the lower limbs has been done in 17 patients. The follow-up has varied from 1 month to over 2 years. Most patients achieved satisfactory relief from spasticity. Eight patients have died after the operation in chronic care hospitals. In all except one, the spasticity had been relieved. Eight out of the nine living patients have benefited from myelotomy. Recurrence of spasticity following the first operation occurred in four patients, two of whom improved after a repeat myelotomy. In the presence of fixed contractures of the hip and knee joints, a satisfactory clinical result may not be obtained after the myelotomy.     

Acceleration of ageing processes by ionizing radiation (author''s transl)]

The dynamics of arterial, venous, and lymphatic flow in the mesentery were studied in dogs, using an electromagnetic flowmeter for the blood and cannulation and gravimetric measurement for the lymph. Ligation of veins caused an increased venous outflow in adjacent veins and a marked increase in lymph flow. When marginal vessels were ligated, eliminating the major collateral flow, venous flow decreased, but elevated lymph flow persisted. Simultaneous ligation of arteries and veins resulted in increases of both arterial and venous flow in adjacent vessels. Lymph flow decreased unless excessive arterial collateral flow persisted. When collateral marginal vessel flow was occluded, adjacent venous and arterial blood flow decreased to control levels. With arterial ligation, collateral arterial blood flow increased slightly, but venous and lymph flow decreased sharply. When collateral marginal vessels were eliminated, adjacent arterial blood flow decreased to control levels and venous flow virtually stopped. As a result of these studies, the technic of early primary arterial ligation followed by marginal vessel ligation appears to be the most satisfactory procedure for decreasing venous and lymphatic outflow and hopefully avoiding dissemination of cancer cells during the operation. This technic is now being used as a modification of the "no touch" technic for cancer of the colon.