TiO2作为晶核剂的云母微晶玻璃的分相与析晶

Phase separation and crystallization behaviors of fluormica glass-ceramic with the nualeation agent of TiO2 were investigated by means of XRD,SEM,DTA and EDX.The results indieate that,during the heat treatment process,phase separation oceurred,i. c, adroplet phase rich in titanium appeared in the continual matrix glass.In the droplet phase , magnesium titanate crystals initially precipitated.Basing on these initial titanate erystals,flucrophlogopitc nuelei formed and grew.Thus a kind of fluormica glass-ceramic was prepared.     

晶核剂对MgO—B2O3—SiO2渣系析晶行为的影响

本文运用偏光显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射分析、差热分析和化学分析等手段，研究了用ＴｉＯ２和复合氧化物作晶核剂对ＭｇＯ－Ｂ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２渣系析晶行为和硼提取率的影响。结果表明：硼提取率随硼渣结晶程度的提高而增大；ＴｉＯ２的加入降低了硼渣粘度，因此提高了总成核速率和晶体生长速率，加快析晶速度，使渣中含硼组分容易以结晶相析出，从而改善了硼提取率。复合氧化物改善硼提取率和提高硼渣结晶程度比ＴｉＯ２显著。     

复合晶核剂（MoO3＋CaF2）对铝硅酸盐玻璃析晶行为的影响作用研究

采用ＤＴＡ，ＳＥＭ，ＥＤＡＸ，ＳＡＤＰ和ＸＲＤ等测试方法研究了含复合晶核剂（ＭｏＯ３＋ＣａＦ２）的铝硅酸盐玻璃的分相与析晶行为。实验结果表明，含单一晶核剂ＣａＦ２或ＭｏＯ３的玻璃仪产生表面析晶，而ＣａＦ２和ＭｏＯ３共同引入时能诱导玻璃的体内核化，ＣａＦ２和ＭｏＯ３均能降低基玻璃的析晶温度，整体析晶的机理是ＣａＦ２促进了玻璃的分相，ＭｏＯ３富集子分相玻璃的富钙相中，热处理过程中优先析出了ＣａＭｏＯ４     

晶核剂对MgO－B_2O_3－SiO_2渣系析晶行为的影响

本文运用偏光显微镜、Ｘ射线衍射分析、差热分析和化学分析等手段，研究了用ＴｉＯ＿２和复合氧化物作晶核剂对ＭｇＯ－Ｂ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２渣系析晶行为和硼提取率的影响。结果表明：硼提取率随硼渣结晶程度的提高而增大；ＴｉＯ＿２的加入降低了硼渣粘度，因此提高了总成核速率和晶体生长速率，加快析晶速度，使渣中含硼组分容易以结晶相析出，从而改善了硼提取率。复合氧化物改善硼提取率和提高硼渣结晶程度比ＴｉＯ＿２显著。     

复合晶核剂对混合玻璃体系制备微晶玻璃的影响

为了能在低温下制备出微晶玻璃陶瓷结合剂,以适用于超硬磨具的制备,本试验以两种玻璃料的混合体系作为研究对象,以ZrO2和P2 O5作为晶核剂.探究了晶核剂的复合添加量、不同复合比例对混合玻璃体系析晶性能与力学性能的影响.对烧结样品进行X射线衍射分析、抗弯强度测试和扫描电镜分析.结果表明,在ZrO2+P2 O5的总含量为4...     

晶核剂对透明堇青石微晶玻璃析晶与性能的影响

采用熔融法制备了含有不同晶核剂的非化学计量比堇青石微晶玻璃,通过DSC、XRD、FE-SEM、UV-VIS-NIR等测试方法研究了不同晶核剂对微晶玻璃析晶与性能的影响,并用经典动力学方程(Johnson-Mehl-Avrami)分析了微晶玻璃的析晶动力学。结果表明,以P₂O₅和P₂O₅+ZrO₂为晶核剂的微晶玻璃晶化机制均为表面晶化,而以P₂O₅+ZrO₂+TiO₂为晶核剂的微晶玻璃则倾向于整体析晶。三组微晶玻璃在950℃晶化时主晶相为μ-cordierite,当温度升高到980℃时开始转变为α-cordierite,引入TiO₂使α-cordierite的含量增加,析出的晶体更加复杂致密。随着晶化时间延长,与其他晶核剂相比,P₂O₅+ZrO₂+TiO₂组合晶核剂微晶玻璃在相同晶化时...     

Na2SiF6晶核剂对废碎建筑玻璃制微晶玻璃的影响

利用废碎建筑玻璃制微晶玻璃,探讨不同含量的Na2SiF6晶核剂对微晶玻璃结构及性能的影响.用×RD和SEM及相关分析软件表征不同样品的晶相及微观形貌并测试试样的相关性能指标.实验结果表明:添加Na2SiF6晶核剂试样中形成三种晶相:Na2Ca3Si6O16、SiO2、Ca4F2Si2O7,其中Na2Ca3Si6O16和SiO2为主晶相,Na2SiF6晶核剂能够促进玻璃析晶.确定Na2SiF6最佳添加量为8%.对应的晶相(Na2Ca3Si6O16、SiO2、Ca4F2Si2O7)含量为54.56%,抗折强度为141.1 5MPa,体积密度为2.423g/cm3,吸水率为0.025%.     

晶核剂对LAS微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响

主要研究了晶核剂种类和数量对LAS(Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2)微晶玻璃的析晶行为的影响。结果表明:晶核剂的用量对玻璃的析晶影响很大,当晶核剂含量较小时,析晶效果不明显,晶化时局部晶核生长过大,导致试样开裂;当晶核剂含量达到4%时,能在玻璃内部产生分布均匀的晶核,析晶效果比较理想。单独采用TiO2作为晶核剂以及TiO2+ZrO2+P2O5复合晶核剂在不同温度段有不同的晶体生长速率,低温阶段活化能较高温阶段低。单独使用TiO2在低温阶段活化能比使用TiO2+ZrO2高,但在高温阶段,结果相反。     

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of LLDPE/glass fiber composite

The nonisothermal crystallization behavior of linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE)/glass fiber (GF) composite was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). It was observed that the crystallization temperature peak (T_p) of LLDPE composite containing 5.0 wt % GF (LLDPE/GF5) was higher than that of the pure LLDPE at various cooling rates. The half-time of crystallization (t_1/2) of LLDPE/GF5 composite was shortened under the effect of GF. The nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of LLDPE and LLDPE/GF5 composite were analyzed through the Avrami, Ozawa, and Mo equations. The results indicated that the data of the nonisothermal crystallization for LLDPE and LLDPE/GF5 composite calculated based on the Ozawa equation did not have the good linear relationship, but the nonisothermal crystallization behaviors of LLDPE and LLDPE/GF5 composite could be successfully described by the modified Avrami and Mo methods. The crystallization rate Z_c of the modified Avrami parameter of LLDPE/GF5 composite was higher than that of pure LLDPE at the same cooling rate. The Mo parameter F(T) of LLDPE/GF5 composite was lower than that of LLDPE at the same degree of crystallinity. Through the Kissinger equation, the activation energies E_d of LLDPE and LLDPE/GF5 composite were evaluated, and their values were 312.3 and 251.2 kJ/mol, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

聚乳酸切片及纤维的性能探讨

利用解偏振法测定了1#-4# PLA切片的等温结晶动力学,求解了PLA切片的Avrami指数n;用X射线衍射法测定了等温结晶后PLA切片样品及纤维的结晶度,测试了PLA纤维的力学性能。结果表明：PLA切片等温结晶动力学参数Avrami指数n在1.29～2.16之间,且4#〉3#〉2#〉1#;各批PLA切片等温结晶后的结晶度顺序与各批PLA纤维结晶度的顺序相一致;PLA纤维的强力随结晶度的增加而增加。     

Effects of crystallization conditions on sedimentation in canola oil

The effects of various factors on sediment formation in canola oil were studied. The crystallization temperature of sediment varied with cooling rate, whereas the melting temperature depended on heating rate as well as the cooling rate during sediment formation. The final crystal size depended on cooling rate. The crystal habit of sediment was generally rod-like but could change to a round and leaf-like shape at low cooling rates (<0.5°C/min). Crystal nucleation occurred in the initial stage of crystallization, while crystal growth was observed during the whole crystallization process, decreasing as cooling proceeded. Crystal growth rate of the sediment was proportional to the crystal surface area Lecithin did not affect the phase transition temperatures of sediment, but retarded crystal growth.     

Melting behaviors,isothermal crystallization kinetics,and morphology of poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/stainless steel fiber composites

The melting behavior and crystallization kinetics of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/stainless steel fiber (SSF) composites were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry. The morphology was studied with scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis revealed that the crystallization temperature increased by 27°C with the addition of 1 vol % SSF to the matrix. The Avrami exponents, analyzed in isothermal crystallization kinetics, were determined to be 2–3 for both neat PTT and PTT/SSF composites. SSF, as a nucleating agent in the composites, greatly increased the crystallization rate. The activation energies of the composites were obviously lower than that of pure PTT, and this indicated much easier crystallization of the composites. All these samples exhibited banded spherulites, and the spherulite size gradually decreased with the SSF loading increasing. Subsequent melting behaviors revealed that all of these samples, especially of the composites, exhibited triple melting peaks at all crystallization temperatures studied. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Combined effect of shear and fibrous fillers on orientation-induced crystallization in discontinuous aramid fiber/isotactic polypropylene composites

The shear-induced crystallization behavior in isotactic polypropylene (iPP) composite melt containing short aramid fibers was investigated by means of WAXD (wide-angle X-ray diffraction) and SAXS (small-angle X-ray scattering) techniques using synchrotron radiation. The study was carried out in a post-shear isothermal crystallization mode at temperatures of 140-160 °C. Parameters pertaining to the crystallization morphology and kinetics were analyzed, including total crystallinity, orientated crystalline and amorphous fractions, dimensions of the formed shish-kebab structure, as well as induction time and rate of crystallization. The individual contributions of shear and fibers were evaluated and the combined effect was compared. The results clearly indicated that the effect is synergistic rather than additive.     

聚乙二醇对聚甲醛结晶行为及其纤维性能的影响

在聚甲醛(POM)中添加少量的聚乙二醇(PEG),熔融纺丝制得POM/PEG共混纤维。通过光学解偏振法、偏光显微镜观察(PLM)研究了POM与不同相对分子质量的聚乙二醇(PEG)的不同比例共混物的等温结晶行为,通过单纤强力测试仪、差示扫描量热(DSC)测试分析了共混纤维的力学性能。结果表明:PEG的加入能够加快POM的结晶,结晶温度升高,晶粒生长尺寸减小;随着PEG加入比例的增加,纤维断裂强度先降低后升高;相对分子质量为2 000的PEG与POM质量比为99/1时,纤维断裂强度比纯POM纤维提高约7%。     

腈纶生产中硫酸钠结晶工艺的调控

根据结晶原理及工业结晶的控制要求,分析了硫氰酸钠( NaSCN)二步法腈纶生产中硫酸钠( Na2 SO4)结晶工序的失控原因,并提出了调控措施.结果表明:生产中结晶工序沉降槽底部晶浆过量去除破坏了Na2 SO4的结晶平衡,导致Na2 SO4不能有效去除;添加固体无水Na2 SO4,培养晶种,保持沉降槽底部Na2sO4质...     

A Promising approach to the kinetics of crystallization processes: The sample controlled thermal analysis

Constant Rate Thermal Analysis (CRTA) method implies controlling the temperature in such a way that the reaction rate is maintained constant all over the process. This method allows determining simultaneously both the kinetic parameters and the kinetic model from a single experiment as the shape of the CRTA α‐T curves strongly depends on the kinetic model. CRTA method has been developed in the market only for thermogravimetric and thermodilatometric systems and, therefore, its use has been limited until now to the kinetic study of processes involving changes in mass or size of the samples, respectively. To overcome this obstacle, a method has been developed in this work for using the DSC signal for controlling the process rate in such a way that CRTA would be applied to the kinetic analysis of either phase transformations or crystallizations. The advantages of CRTA for performing the kinetics of crystallization processes have been here successfully demonstrated for the first time after selecting the crystallization of zirconia gel as test reaction.     

Influence of titanium dioxide on crystallization behavior of an ethylene–propylene copolymer

Crystallization of an ethylene–propylene copolymer (E/P) filled with diverse weight percentages of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was performed under isothermal and nonisothermal conditions to investigate the influence of the inorganic substance on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of the matrix. The overall and radial crystallization rates of the composite materials were measured using, respectively, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and optical microscopy. The nucleation density of E/P spherulites as a function of composition was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing a nucleating effect of TiO₂. A comparison between the spherulitic texture of specimens showed a higher fineness of the composites relative to the neat matrix, whereas no changes of surface nucleation density were appreciable among composites within the explored compositional range. The thermal behavior is discussed in the light of the enhanced thermal conductivity of polymer composites, which conciliates the crystallization kinetics of the matrix, analyzed using the Avrami equation, to optical and SEM observations. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3409–3416, 2003