光滑球拟酵母适应进化改善丙酮酸生产

丙酮酸是重要的有机合成中间体,广泛应用于医药、化妆品、化学生产等工业中。发酵法生产丙酮酸是获得丙酮酸的主要方法之一,为了提高光滑拟球酵母菌的生长和发酵能力,缩短发酵周期,减少生产过程中能量消耗,改善丙酮酸生产性能,选取了一株产丙酮酸的光滑球拟酵母菌3672 CGMCC No0879进行高温适应进化,得到一株相对于出发菌株,能够在40℃生长良好,且葡萄糖代谢率快,丙酮酸产量稳定的耐高温菌株光滑球拟酵母TIB-G90 CGMCC No5434,在40℃条件下发酵24h时,丙酮酸积累量可达到28g/L左右,而出发菌株在30℃条件下需要发酵36h才能达到相同的丙酮酸积累量。     

土壤中产木糖醇酵母菌株的筛选其发酵条件优化

本文以木糖为唯一碳源从土壤中筛选得到可以耐受高浓度木糖的菌株,再经过复筛选出一株高产木糖醇的酵母菌株Y-9。经高效液相色谱(HPLC)和红外扫描分析,确定菌株Y-9发酵利用木糖转化得到的主要产物为木糖醇。通过单因素实验、正交试验等手段,对菌株Y-9发酵产木糖醇的培养基组分和发酵条件进行了优化,进一步提高了目的菌株的木糖醇产率和转化率,确定了菌株Y-9摇瓶发酵木糖转化木糖醇的最优培养基和发酵条件。在木糖初始浓度为200 g/L,氮源为酵母膏3.0 g/L,硫酸铵2.0 g/L,玉米浆10.0 mL/L,硫酸镁0.1 g/L,初始pH为6.0,转速为180 r/min,接种量为4%的条件下,菌株Y-9的木糖醇产率为160 g/L左右,木糖醇生成速率为1.67 g/L.h,木糖/木糖醇转化率达到80%以上,是一株具有良好工业化研究开发价值的木糖醇生产菌株。     

木糖发酵菌株生产乙醇工艺条件的研究

以从土壤中筛选得到利用木糖高产乙醇的菌株LJ-45为出发菌株,在不同的工艺条件下进行木糖发酵生产乙醇的研究.确定最佳优化发酵条件:发酵温度为30℃,pH值为5.0,转速为90r/min,接种量为8%,装液量为120mL/250mL.在此发酵最佳条件组合下进行木糖发酵试验,乙醇产量最大为15.17g/L,木糖醇含量为7.94g/L.     

一株产木糖醇菌株的生理生化及分子生物学鉴定

对一株未经报道的转化木糖为木糖醇的菌株CTD249,采用生理生化及分子生物学方法进行鉴定,同时构建系统发育树进行分析,确定菌株CTD249的种属。结果表明：CTD249与季也蒙毕赤酵母(Pichia guilliermondii)处于同一进化分支中,相似度达99%以上,因此将该菌株鉴定为季也蒙毕赤酵母(GenBank接受号：HM236292)。该菌株在初始木糖质量浓度20g/L的条件下,发酵48h后木糖醇产量为12.0g/L。     

一株高产淀粉酶扣囊复膜孢酵母的产酶条件优化及酶学性质研究

对筛选自芝麻香型白酒高温大曲中的1株高产淀粉酶扣囊复膜孢酵母的产酶条件和酶学性质进行研究。在单因素实验的基础上,运用响应面分析,优化得到菌株最佳产酶条件:原料添加量20 g,含水量51%,接种量18%,发酵温度24℃,在此条件下,经72 h固态发酵,淀粉酶活力达到12 297 U/g,比优化前提高了约63. 96%;进一步对菌株所产淀粉酶性质进行初步研究,该淀粉酶最适作用温度为50℃,最适作用p H值为4. 0。实验结果表明,所筛选菌株产淀粉酶能力较强,性能优良,且所产淀粉酶能够适应大曲发酵的酸性高温环境,具有应用于高温大曲生产的潜力。     

驯化和胶囊包裹的假丝酵母LF04发酵玉米芯水解液生产木糖醇(英文)

玉米芯的酸水解液是木糖醇生产的重要原料,但是该水解液中含有糠醛、酚类等对后续微生物发酵有毒害作用的化合物。本研究从土壤中分离了一株似假丝酵母LF01,通过驯化和微胶囊包裹来提高其对水解液的抗性。结果表明通过多次驯化并进行包裹的假丝酵母LF04能在玉米芯水解液中不经任何脱毒处理发酵木糖生产木糖醇。在pH5.5 溶氧为 0.15vvm 的条件下发酵 88h,木糖转化率为 76%,木糖醇浓度达 61.768g/L。远高于其出发菌株。该结果表明采用该方法有望用于木糖醇的工业化生产。     

等离子诱变选育木糖醇高产菌及发酵条件优化

以热带假丝酵母Y-14(Tropical candida)为出发菌株,采用等离子体对其进行诱变,得到最佳诱变条件:在功率120 W下处理150s,致死率达到96%。诱变后经过筛选得到1株高产木糖醇的菌株Y-117,与出发菌株相比,其木糖醇产量提高了30.4%。在单因素试验的基础上,通过响应面分析试验对菌株Y-117的发酵条件进行优化,得到最佳条件:初始木糖添加量105g/L、温度30.5℃、摇床转速190r/min。在此条件下,Y-117的木糖醇产量为76.45g/L,比出发菌株高42%。     

1株产木糖醇菌株的筛选鉴定

经过平板筛选培养基初筛,从土壤中共分离得到110株可利用木糖作为唯一碳源进行代谢的菌株,经过HPLC初步定性定量分析,复筛得到6株木糖醇转化率较高的菌株,其中转化率最高的菌株为SK36.001,由于木糖代谢产物中具有同分异构体,因此将SK36.001的主要发酵产物通过分离柱分离,经过冻干浓缩后做LCMS、1H-NMR分析鉴定产物结构,确认产物为木糖醇。后利用26S r DNA的D1/D2区域序列分析法对该菌株进行分子生物学鉴定,结合形态学、生理生化特征鉴定结果确认该菌株为热带假丝酵母,并命名为Candida tropicalis SK36.001(Gen Bank登录号为KT945155)。通过对其发酵生产木糖醇过程的研究发现,在30℃,200 r/min,木糖初始质量浓度为50 g/L的条件下,摇瓶分批培养至30 h时可以达到最高木糖醇转化率为58.2%,转化速率达到0.986 g/(L·h)。     

固定化热带假丝酵母发酵氨浸稻秸水解液生产木糖醇

采用海藻酸钙固定化热带假丝酵母细胞发酵氨水浸泡稻秸半纤维素水解液生产木糖醇。为了提高木糖醇的转化率,对发酵条件进行了研究。发酵在250 mL锥形瓶中进行。向水解液中补充适量氮源和营养盐等营养物质提高了木糖醇的生产速率,但木糖醇转化率没有因此而提高。适宜的初始pH和细胞干浓度分别为4-5和1.22 g/L。在这些条件下,进行了固定化细胞重复法较高浓缩度水解液的试验。结果发现,固定化细胞能在初始木糖浓度为104.2 g/L的水解液中重复批式发酵5次,木糖醇平均得率和生产速率分别为0.737 g/g和0.533 g/(L.h)。     

一株产L-木酮糖菌株的分离筛选及鉴定

通过初筛和复筛从土壤中分离获得1株能够转化木糖醇生产一种稀有糖--L-木酮糖的芽孢杆菌ZN-14。利用该菌株的静息细胞以20 g/L木糖醇为底物,在pH 9.0、37 ℃条件下转化24 h,转化率达到26.62%。通过对菌株ZN-14形态特征观察、生理生化特性鉴定以及16S rDNA基因序列同源性的分析,将其鉴定为巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）。     

稳定高效表达木糖还原酶基因工业酿酒酵母的构建及木糖醇发酵的初步研究

将树干毕赤氏酵母(Pichia stipitis)木糖还原酶基因XYL1连接到适用于酿酒酵母工业菌株的多拷贝整合载体pYMIKP中,构建得到表达质粒pYMIKP-XYL1,转化酿酒酵母工业菌株Saccharomyces cerevisiae6508。在G418平板上筛选转化子,得到含高拷贝木糖还原酶基因的酿酒酵母重组菌株XGH2,,该菌株的木糖还原酶比活力为0.8 U/mg(蛋白),比出发菌株提高了80倍以上,表明外源基因在工业菌株中实现了高效表达。摇瓶发酵结果显示,重组菌株XGH2木糖消耗为27.9 g/L,木糖消耗率为51%;木糖醇产量为30.2 g/L,木糖醇的转化率大于1.0 g/g木糖。     

The level of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity strongly influences xylose fermentation and inhibitor sensitivity in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains

Disruption of the ZWF1 gene encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) has been shown to reduce the xylitol yield and the xylose consumption in the xylose-utilizing recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain TMB3255. In the present investigation we have studied the influence of different production levels of G6PDH on xylose fermentation. We used a synthetic promoter library and the copper-regulated CUP1 promoter to generate G6PDH-activities between 0% and 179% of the wild-type level. G6PDH-activities of 1% and 6% of the wild-type level resulted in 2.8- and 5.1-fold increase in specific xylose consumption, respectively, compared with the ZWF1-disrupted strain. Both strains exhibited decreased xylitol yields (0.13 and 0.19 g/g xylose) and enhanced ethanol yields (0.36 and 0.34 g/g xylose) compared with the control strain TMB3001 (0.29 g xylitol/g xylose, 0.31 g ethanol/g xylose). Cytoplasmic transhydrogenase (TH) from Azotobacter vinelandii has previously been shown to transfer NADPH and NAD(+) into NADP(+) and NADH, and TH-overproduction resulted in lower xylitol yield and enhanced glycerol yield during xylose utilization. Strains with low G6PDH-activity grew slower in a lignocellulose hydrolysate than the strain with wild-type G6PDH-activity, which suggested that the availability of intracellular NADPH correlated with tolerance towards lignocellulose-derived inhibitors. Low G6PDH-activity strains were also more sensitive to H(2)O(2) than the control strain TMB3001.     

Increase of xylitol productivity by cell-recycle fermentation of Candida tropicalis using submerged membrane bioreactor

Candida tropicalis, an osmophilic strain isolated from honeycomb, produced xylitol at a maximal volumetric productivity of 3.5 g l(-1) h(-1) from an initial xylose concentration of 200 g l(-1). Even at a very high xylose concentration, e.g., 350 g l(-1), this strain produced xylitol at a moderate rate of 2.07 g l(-1) h(-1). In a fed-batch fermentation of xylose and glucose, 260 g l(-1) xylose was added, and the xylitol production was 234 g l(-1) for 48 h, corresponding to a rate of 4.88 g l(-1) h(-1). To increase xylitol productivity, cells were recycled in a submerged membrane bioreactor with suction pressure and air sparging. For each recycle round in cell-recycle fermentation, the average concentration of xylitol produced, fermentation time, volumetric productivity, and product yield were 180 g l(-1), 19.5 h, 8.5 g l(-1) h(-1), and 85%, respectively. When cell-recycle fermentation was started with the cell mass concentrated twofold after batch fermentation and performed for 10 recycle rounds, we achieved a very high productivity of 12 g l(-1) h(-1). The productivity and total amount of xylitol in cell-recycle fermentation were 3.4- and 11.0-fold higher than those in batch fermentation, respectively.     

Xylitol production on sugarcane biomass hydrolysate by newly identified Candida tropicalis JA2 strain

Xylitol is a building block for a variety of chemical commodities, besides being widely used as a sugar substitute in the food and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this work was to develop a microbial process for xylitol production using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as substrate. In this context, 218 non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were screened by growth on steam-exploded sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate containing a high concentration of acetic acid (8.0 g/L). Seven new Candida tropicalis strains were selected and identified, and their ability to produce xylitol on hydrolysate at low pH (4.6) under aerobic conditions was evaluated. The most efficient strain, designated C. tropicalis JA2, was capable of producing xylitol with a yield of 0.47 g/g of consumed xylose. To improve xylitol production by C. tropicalis JA2, a series of experimental procedures were employed to optimize pH and temperature conditions, as well as nutrient source, and initial xylose and inoculum concentrations. C. tropicalis JA2 was able to produce 109.5 g/L of xylitol with a yield of 0.86 g/g of consumed xylose, and with a productivity of 2.81 g·L·h, on sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate containing 8.0 g/L acetic acid and177 g/L xylose, supplemented with 2.0 g/L yeast nitrogen base and 4.0 g/L urea. Thus, it was possible to identify a new C. tropicalis strain and to optimize the xylitol production process using sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate as a substrate. The xylitol yield on biomass hydrolysate containing a high concentration of acetic acidobtained in here is among the best reported in the literature.     

响应面法优化不同型态热带假丝酵母发酵生产木糖醇的工艺

利用Design Expert软件对菌丝型和酵母型热带假丝酵母发酵生产木糖醇实验进行设计及结果分析,建立木糖和木糖醇浓度与4个关键因子(菌型、发酵温度、pH、初始木糖浓度)的二次多项式回归模型,并对模型进行解析。结果表明:菌丝型热带假丝酵母转化木糖为木糖醇的能力高于酵母型;升高发酵温度,有利于木糖转化为木糖醇,而pH升高对转化过程并没有明显促进;发酵液中初始木糖浓度与木糖转化率呈正相关关系;获得最佳发酵工艺条件为菌种采用菌丝型酵母,发酵温度37℃,pH8,初始木糖浓度60mg/mL,此时木糖醇浓度达到17.21mg/mL。     

Endogenous NADPH-dependent aldose reductase activity influences product formation during xylose consumption in recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Introduction of the xylose pathway from Pichia stipitis into Saccharomyces cerevisiae enables xylose utilization in recombinant S. cerevisiae. However, xylitol is a major by-product. An endogenous aldo-keto reductase, encoded by the GRE3 gene, was expressed at different levels in recombinant S. cerevisiae strains to investigate its effect on xylose utilization. In a recombinant S. cerevisiae strain producing only xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) from P. stipitis and an extra copy of the endogenous xylulokinase (XK), ethanol formation from xylose was mediated by Gre3p, capable of reducing xylose to xylitol. When the GRE3 gene was overexpressed in this strain, the xylose consumption and ethanol formation increased by 29% and 116%, respectively. When the GRE3 gene was deleted in the recombinant xylose-fermenting S. cerevisiae strain TMB3001 (which possesses xylose reductase and XDH from P. stipitis, and an extra copy of endogenous XK), the xylitol yield decreased by 49% and the ethanol yield increased by 19% in anaerobic continuous culture with a glucose/xylose mixture. Biomass was reduced by 31% in strains where GRE3 was deleted, suggesting that fine-tuning of GRE3 expression is the preferred choice rather than deletion.