基于加权模糊优先相似法评价光伏系统经济性

讨论了光伏系统的典型应用系统－光伏水泵安装站址的环境条件对其经济性的影响，给出了经济性评价的因素指标体系。以此为基础，采用加权模糊优先相似法对几个将要实际安装光伏水泵的站址进行了经济性评价，其结果可为决策提供参考。     

光伏系统经济性评价软件的设计与实现

本文简单介绍了光伏系统安装站址对其经济性影响的两种评价方法，提出了相应评价系统的基本结构，讨论了评价软件实现的主要方法及其特点。整个评价软件已在ＩＢＭＰＣ机上实现。     

光伏发电系统综合量化评价体系探讨

正1评价体系综述光伏发电系统的特点是初始投资高、运行周期长,因此,科学评价光伏发电系统的产品质量、设计质量、技术先进性和经济性十分重要。目前,国内外还没有业内普遍认同的和完整的光伏发电系统评价体系。我国自2015年开始实施的光伏"领跑者计划"提出了4项评价指标,如表1所示。     

西北地区宽功率光伏离网制氢技术进展与发展前景

光伏耦合制氢技术可利用光伏产生的废电、弃电,大规模制造氢气,降低制氢成本,提高整体的系统效率,在光伏系统改造和提升过程中发挥重要作用。通过分析国内光伏耦合制氢技术的发展现状,对宽功率光伏耦合制氢技术的运行效果和系统经济性进行评价,最后根据我国西北地区的特点提出适合光伏耦合制氢技术示范的技术路线。     

基于动态负荷特性的家用光伏发电系统经济性评价

以家用光伏发电系统为研究对象,基于用户侧动态负荷特性与供给侧光伏发电出力特性的耦合解析,根据分布式光伏系统"自用为主、余电上网"的应用原则,构建家用分布式光伏发电系统经济性评价模型。应用该模型,以上海某家用光伏发电系统为例,分析其运行特性、经济性能及其影响因素。研究结果表明,现行政策下家用光伏发电系统的动态投资回收年限为12.4 a;在中国,促进光伏产业发展最实际、最有效的政策是提高上网电价。     

小规模分布式光伏发电系统用户侧经济性分析

从用户侧角度研究了小规模分布式光伏发电系统的经济性。以内部收益率、静态投资回收期及全寿命期净收益为指标,建立了分布式光伏发电系统的经济分析模型;以湖北省武汉市和宜昌市为代表,以典型配置的光伏发电系统为范例,验证了经济性分析模型的正确性。文章深入研究了发电上网率、系统可用率、政府补贴及单位造价等因素对分布式光伏系统经济性的影响,还研究了政府补贴与单位造价的耦合关系。     

动态电价下分布式光伏-储能系统优化与经济性分析

基于无政策补贴和上网电价研究背景,该文采用提高光伏微网自用且兼顾系统经济性的储能控制策略,分析了不同动态电价定价方案、储能容量和单位容量成本对光伏-储能系统经济性的影响.以长沙某办公建筑为例,采用动态规划求解系统年最佳运行策略并计算系统生命周期经济性和光伏自消耗率,结果表明动态电价每提高41.5％,系统盈利可行域提高8...     

户用光伏的移动应用拓展结构分析

提出一种移动光伏结构,可拓展光伏的应用场合。分析移动光伏结构和特点,可选择光照好位置摆放,为户外负荷供电。基于光伏的最佳倾角模型,移动光伏手动控制可提高发电效率。根据全寿命期净收益、静态投资回收期、内部收益率3个经济性指标,建立户用光伏拓展结构的经济性分析模型。以某地区为例,对户用光伏系统拓展结构经济性进行分析计算,结果表明具有较好的投资效益。     

太阳能光伏电源系统的经济性分析

提出用现值分析法对太阳能光伏电源系统的经济性进行定量分析，并给出相应的计算公式和结果。     

内蒙古偏远牧区户用光伏发电系统的经济性与环境效益分析

离网光伏发电系统的经济性,主要体现在系统成本与投资收益的对比关系上。通过在内蒙古某偏远牧区安装小型家用离网光伏发电系统进行监测及数据采集,从投资成本、系统收益及环保贡献方面对离网光伏发电系统经济性的影响进行分析。结果表明:离网光伏发电系统的投资收益并不明显,但针对偏远地区用电不便的问题,却有很大帮助及改善,并且在节能减排方面也有很大贡献。而且从长远看,系统成本的降低对其经济性的提高有很大的影响。所以希望通过政策补贴等的方式,提高离网系统在发展初期的投资收益,并为在内蒙古地区推广离网光伏发电系统提供积极的示范作用。     

Evaluation of a grid-connected photovoltaic system in southern Spain

The results obtained in the evaluation of a 2 kW_p grid-connected photovoltaic system in Málaga (Spain) are shown. The data set covers from January until December 1997. The energy losses of the system and the most relevant performances of the installation have been quantified. In this period, the system has suplied 2678 k Wh to the grid. This means a daily energy average of 7,4 k Wh, with a monthly average value of daily system efficiency between 6,1 and 8,0 %. According with the obtained results, the South of Spain is an optimum region for the development of grid-connected photovoltaic systems.     

上海地区太阳能资源评估与散射辐射推算方法研究

准确评估上海地区的太阳能资源状况对于当地太阳能资源的开发利用有重要意义。根据中国气象局提供的上海地区多年太阳辐射观测数据,评估当地太阳能资源,结果表明上海地区光伏资源丰富、稳定度较高,适合建设光伏电站。为满足缺乏直接辐射和散射辐射数据的地区推算总辐射中直、散分量的需要,结合2001~2010年上海地区经过严格质量控制的总、直、散观测样本序列,针对三种经典"直散分离"模型,通过拟合散射比Hd/H与清晰度指数Kt的函数关系,修正得到适合上海市及周边地区的散射辐射量推算方法,并利用2011年的实测数据对该方法进行独立样本预报验证,其平均百分比误差小于5%,可为光伏发电系统设计、功率预报提供指导和借鉴。     

分布式光伏电站接入电网电能质量评估计算

光伏电站接入配电网后,在改变电网原有拓扑结构和潮流方向的同时,其电能输出特性直接影响到电网的电能质量。为保障现有电网的安全稳定,更好利用太阳能,在光伏电站接入系统前的设计阶段需对光伏发电接入系统进行电能质量评估。结合实际工程案例,以某MW级分布式光伏电站为研究对象,根据分布式光伏电站接入电网时的电能质量要求,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台进行建模,对并网电能质量进行评估计算,并进行相应的分析。计算结果表明：该分布式光伏电站接入点符合电能质量要求,允许接入系统。     

基于熵权TOPSIS模型的风电光伏发展潜力评估

当前中国新能源（特别是风电与光伏）发展存在宏观引导与长期规划不足的现象。如何准确地评估我国各地区的风电光伏发展潜力,从而科学地指导新能源健康有序发展是亟待解决的问题。为此,提出一种基于熵权TOPSIS的风电光伏发展潜力评估模型。首先,在考虑中国风电光伏能源发展特点与主要矛盾的基础上,构建风电光伏发展潜力的评估指标体系,并提出基于熵权法TOPSIS的风电光伏发展潜力评估模型;然后,使用该模型对中国31个地区的风电光伏发展潜力进行评估与分析;最后,根据各地区的评估分析结果与风电光伏发展特点,提出针对性的发展建议。     

Unit sizing and cost analysis of stand-alone hybrid wind/PV/fuel cell power generation systems

An economic evaluation of a hybrid wind/photovoltaic/fuel cell (FC) generation system for a typical home in the Pacific Northwest is performed. In this configuration the combination of a FC stack, an electrolyser, and hydrogen storage tanks is used as the energy storage system. This system is compared to a traditional hybrid energy system with battery storage. A computer program has been developed to size system components in order to match the load of the site in the most cost effective way. A cost of electricity, an overall system cost, and a break-even distance analysis are also calculated for each configuration. The study was performed using a graphical user interface programmed in MATLAB.     

A photovoltaic/thermal system with a combination of a booster diffuse reflector and vacuum tube for generation of electricity and hot water production

Using water as a coolant to reduce the temperature of solar cells is one of the best methods for improving the efficiency of a photovoltaic/thermal system. However the heat absorbed from the solar cell panel is not enough for providing domestic hot water. In this article, a new architecture of photovoltaic/thermal system is proposed and investigated. A silicon monocrystalline photovoltaic module is used with appropriate reflectors in order to increase insolation in conjunction with a closed loop cooling facility to efficiently extract the panel's heat. The absorbed heat from the photovoltaic/thermal panel, is used to preheat the water flow before entering four vacuum tube solar water heaters placed on both sides of the photovoltaic/thermal panel. Performance evaluation of this system in comparison to a similar bare photovoltaic panel, showed a significant increase in the system's electrical and thermal energy output.     

光伏电站输出功率影响因素分析

光伏发电系统的发电量取决于太阳辐照强度和温度等因素,其输出功率的变化具有间歇性和不可控性,大规模的光伏并网应用将对大电网的稳定运行造成冲击。光储联合应用将有助于降低光伏电源的负面影响,为了协调配置光伏系统与储能系统,需要深入了解光伏发电系统的输出特性。首先分析了大规模光伏发电系统并网应用对电网带来的影响,进而介绍了光伏发电原理和影响光伏组件输出的因素;然后依托某100 kWp光伏电站的实际历史运行数据,基于统计学方法,从气象因素如日类型、太阳辐射强度和温度等影响光伏出力的角度,对光伏发电系统的输出特性作了定性、定量的分析,从而归纳了光伏输出特性,最后据此提出了光伏电站输出功率的评价指标。     

Comprehensive review and performance evaluation of maximum power point tracking algorithms for photovoltaic system

A photovoltaic array is environmentally friendly and a source of unlimited energy generation. However, it is presently a costlier energy generation system than other non-renewable energy sources. The main reasons are seasonal variations and continuously changing weather conditions, which affect the amount of solar energy received by the solar panels. In addition, the non-linear characteristics of the voltage and current outputs along with the operating environment temperature and variation in the solar radiation decrease the energy conversion capability of the photovoltaic arrays. To address this problem, the global maxima of the PV arrays can be tracked using a maximum power point tracking algorithm (MPPT) and the operating point of the photovoltaic system can be forced to its optimum value. This technique increases the efficiency of the photovoltaic array and minimizes the cost of the system by reducing the number of solar modules required to obtain the desired power. However, the tracking algorithms are not equally effective in all areas of application. Therefore, selecting the correct MPPT is very critical. This paper presents a detailed review and comparison of the MPPT techniques for photovoltaic systems, with consideration of the following key parameters: photovoltaic array dependence, type of system (analog or digital), need for periodic tuning, convergence speed, complexity of the system, global maxima, implemented capacity, and sensed parameter(s). In addition, based on real meteorological data (irradiance and temperature at a site located in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia), a simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of tracking algorithms suitable for the application being studied. Finally, the study clearly validates the considerable energy saving achieved by using these algorithms.     

光伏发电系统功率预测方法研究综述

光伏发电大规模并网给电网的稳定运行带来巨大挑战,提高光伏发电功率预测水平对光伏能源并网安全具有重要意义。光伏发电系统功率输出具有明显的非线性、间接波动性和不确定性特点,须采用数学模型结合多尺度预测方法实现较高预测精度。针对多元线性回归算法、马尔科夫链预测、神经网络算法、支持向量机和组合预测等光伏系统输出功率的直接预测方法,及基于光伏电站精确建模的光伏系统输出功率的间接预测法,从基本思想、技术路线、适用条件和应用效果的角度进行分析与总结。当前功率预测方法主要有基于统计学的某种学习方法和组合预测方法,数据处理加工是关键因素。预测数据可用性的评估标准和预测方法的工程应用是未来研究工作的重点。     

Maximum efficiencies and parametric optimum designs of concentrating photovoltaic cell/heat engine systems with three‐band spectrum split

The irreversible model of a concentrating photovoltaic cell/heat engine system with three‐band spectrum splitting is established for the further prediction of the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic/thermal systems, in which the internal and external irreversible losses are considered. An update efficiency of the spectrum splitting system is derived, from which the maximum efficiency of the whole system is calculated. The influences of the area ratio of two subsystems on the systemic performance are analyzed in detail. The reasonable ranges of the area ratio are given. The maximum efficiency and the corresponding critical parameters are obtained under different operating conditions. It is found that the introduction of the area ratio is significant for accurate predictions of systemic performances and the maximum efficiency can attain 77.64%, which significantly exceeds that of an individual concentrating photovoltaic cell and solar‐driven heat engine at the same concentration condition. The performance characteristics of the two‐band spectrum splitting system including the photovoltaic cell and heat engine may be directly obtained from the present model. Moreover, the performances of three‐ and two‐band spectrum splitting systems are compared, and consequently, the advantages of the three‐band spectrum splitting system are revealed.