高强铝合金裂纹尖端在3.5%NaCl溶液中的微区电化学特性

采用毛细管微电极测试方法、扫描Kelvin探针技术和数值分析方法,对2024-T351高强铝合金裂纹尖端在3.5%NaCl溶液中的微区电化学特性和腐蚀行为进行了研究.结果表明,裂纹尖端的腐蚀电位较远离裂纹尖端的基体位置更负,裂纹尖端处的电化学活性明显增加.在外加应力的作用下,裂纹尖端处表面氧化膜的厚度减薄,其稳定性和保护性变弱.裂纹尖端处优先发生阳极溶解,浸泡24 h后在裂纹尖端处出现腐蚀产物的堆积.由于腐蚀电位和电化学活性的差异,在裂纹尖端(阳极)和远离裂纹尖端的基体(阴极)之间可形成电偶对,进一步促进裂纹尖端局部区域内腐蚀过程的进行.     

Effects of Stress Intensity Factor on Electrochemical Corrosion Potential at Crack Tip of Nickel-Based Alloys in High Temperature Water Environments

在高温水环境中,应力会提高镍基合金裂纹尖端的阳极溶解速率并加速裂纹扩展。采用弹塑性有限元方法,对高温水环境中镍基合金裂纹尖端应力和电化学腐蚀的关系进行研究。分析了应力强度因子对模拟高温水环境中600合金1T-CT试样裂纹尖端表面电化学腐蚀电位的影响,并讨论了弹性变形和塑性变形对裂纹尖端电化学腐蚀电位变化的影响。     

应力强度因子对高温水环境中镍基合金裂尖电化学腐蚀电位的影响（英文）

在高温水环境中,应力会提高镍基合金裂纹尖端的阳极溶解速率并加速裂纹扩展。采用弹塑性有限元方法,对高温水环境中镍基合金裂纹尖端应力和电化学腐蚀的关系进行研究。分析了应力强度因子对模拟高温水环境中600合金1T-CT试样裂纹尖端表面电化学腐蚀电位的影响,并讨论了弹性变形和塑性变形对裂纹尖端电化学腐蚀电位变化的影响。     

LC-4铝合金应力腐蚀裂纹内的电化学行为

本文提出了一种测定应力腐蚀裂纹内的电位和 pH 值的方法。这种方法适用于应力腐蚀裂纹内和各种腐蚀缝隙内的电化学测试。设备简单,操作方便而且精确度高。文中列出用该法测定 LC-4铝合金应力腐蚀裂纹尖端处微区的电化学数据,并结合电位 pH 图进行了讨论和分析。作者根据所得结果提出由微电池相互耦合而成的多电极体系等效电路模型,可以较好地解释本文的实验结果。对于 LC-4铝合金,裂纹尖端电位与 pH 值间存在下列关系=-0.750-0.043pH(SCE)而在 Pourbaix 图中则穿过钝化区,并与应力腐蚀敏感性存在对应关系。     

7150铝合金剥蚀行为及腐蚀机理研究

研究了T6、T73及RRA处理(175℃同归)7150铝合金在EXCO溶液中的剥落腐蚀行为、n相与铝基体的电化学偶合行为及其相应的腐蚀机理.结果表明,7150-T6铝合金中n相在晶界连续分布,存在一个由晶界阳极性的n相与其边缘铝合金基体组成的腐蚀电偶而形成的腐蚀活性通道,导致7150-T6铝合金具有最大的品问腐蚀敏感性及剥蚀敏感性;而T73及RRA处理导致7150铝合金晶界n相聚集而分布不连续,因而其晶间腐蚀及剥蚀敏感性大幅度降低.7150-RRA(175℃同归3小时)铝合金耐蚀性与7150一r173接近;7150铝合金中n自腐蚀电位负于铝基体电位,其自腐蚀电流大于铝基体自腐蚀电流,在7150铝合金腐蚀过程中作为阳极而发生阳极溶解.     

银在氢氧化钠溶液中的电化学行为

通过设计三电极电化学系统,采用循环伏安、动电位阳极极化以及恒电位阳极极化方法研究了银在不同氢氧化钠溶液的电化学行为。结果表明:银在NaOH溶液中,循环伏安和动电位阳极极化正向扫描中出现Ag2O和AgO的氧化峰。随着NaOH浓度的增加,在相同电极电位条件下,阳极电流密度逐渐增加,极化后银的腐蚀增质也随之增加;极化后样品表面的腐蚀产物聚集更为严重,出现较多的孔洞和微裂纹,从而为电解质溶液和基体之间的物质传输提供了更多通道,加速了银的电化学腐蚀进程。     

草酸浸蚀对氧化物阳极形貌及电催化性能的影响

钛基体涂覆铱钽氧化物阳极制备过程中对基体喷砂并进行不同时间的草酸浸蚀．环境扫描电镜、析氧极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试表明,草酸对钛基体的腐蚀速度及涂层载量(Ir含量)随腐蚀时间的延长先增大后减小．经过适当时间酸蚀处理后的基体上制备的氧化物阳极均匀致密,其电化学活性表面积大,析氧电催化活性提高,并具有较长的使用寿命。     

新型含钪Al-Mg-Cu合金的抗应力腐蚀开裂特性

对3.5%NaCl溶液中新型含钪Al-Mg-Cu合金的应力腐蚀开裂宏观性能进行测试,并对裂纹尖端的成分与微观形貌进行分析。根据线弹性断裂力学理论,预制疲劳裂纹试样裂纹尖端处于平面应变状态,得到裂纹匀速扩展时的扩展速率、裂纹尖端应力强度因子以及应力腐蚀开裂强度因子的门槛值。扫描电镜及EDS分析表明:应力腐蚀开裂主要是沿晶扩展,预制裂纹与腐蚀介质中的溶解氧生成Al2O3,产生楔入力促使裂纹扩展;裂纹尖端基体主要发生阳极溶解反应,腐蚀产物以氯化铝为主。     

Al-Mg-Si合金中Mg_2Si和Si粒子在晶间腐蚀过程中的作用机理

研究Al-Mg-Si合金晶界组成相（Al-Mg2Si及Al-Mg2Si-Si）间的电化学行为和动态电化学耦合行为,提出Al-Mg-Si合金的晶间腐蚀机理。研究表明,晶界Si的电位比其边缘Al基体的正,在整个腐蚀过程中作为阴极导致其边缘Al基体的阳极溶解;晶界Mg2Si的电位比其边缘Al基体的负,在腐蚀初期作为阳极发生阳极溶解,然而由于Mg2Si中活性较高的元素Mg的优先溶解,不活泼元素Si的富集,致使Mg2Si电位正移,甚至与其边缘Al基体发生极性转换,导致其边缘Al基体的阳极溶解。当n（Mg）/n（Si）〈1.73时,随着腐蚀的进行,合金晶界同时会有Mg2Si析出相和Si粒子,腐蚀首先萌生于Mg2Si相和Si边缘的无沉淀带,而后,Si粒子一方面导致其边缘无沉淀带严重的阳极溶解,另一方面加速Mg2Si和晶界无沉淀带的极性转换,从而促使腐蚀沿晶界Si粒子及Mg2Si粒子边缘向无沉淀带发展。     

腐蚀疲劳裂纹扩展规律与机理

<正> 本文结合流体力学、电化学和材料科学的内容,考虑物质迁移、扩散、对流及反应动力学过程,以低合金钢在淡水介质中为背景,首次从理论上建立起描述扩展着的腐蚀疲劳裂纹内溶液的化学与电化学特征的二维数学模型。解该偏微分方程组,即可得到腐蚀疲劳裂纹内与裂纹尖端溶液的pH值、金属电极电位(指混合电位φ)以及溶液中其它     

Micro-electrochemical characterization of corrosion of pre-cracked X70 pipeline steel in a concentrated carbonate/bicarbonate solution

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of a stressed, pre-cracked X70 pipeline steel was studied in a bicarbonate/carbonate solution by electrochemical and micro-electrochemical measurements, numerical calculation and surface analysis technique. The effects of stress and potential on passivity, corrosion and electrochemical behavior of the steel at crack-tip were mechanistically determined. It was found that the passive film formed at crack-tip was less stable than that formed in the region ahead of the crack. Moreover, the crack-tip is more susceptible to pitting corrosion than other region of the specimen. The applied stress enhances the anodic dissolution of the steel. In particular, the stress concentration at crack-tip further increases the local anodic dissolution rate. The enhancement of the anodic dissolution of the steel at crack-tip is also resulted from the formation of a galvanic couple, i.e., the crack-tip as an anode and the surrounding region as a cathode.     

Effects of testing variables on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of Al 2024-T351

In the present study, the effects of testing variables on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution were examined using slow strain rate test (SSRT) method with controlled applied potentials and a constant load test (CLT) method. The SSRTs were conducted at various strain rates and applied potential, while the CLTs were performed with different exposure time, with different grain directions of ST (short-transverse) and L (longitudinal) to understand how the testing parameters affected on the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351. The percent reductions in tensile elongation in an SCC-causing environment over those in air tended to express the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 most properly for both SSRT and CLT. The present fractographic examination suggested that both anodic dissolution and hydrogen embrittlement played a role in the SCC process of Al 2024-T351 in 3.5% NaCl solution at both anodic and cathodic applied potentials, and the contribution of each mechanism could vary with different testing variables. It was also found that the SCC susceptibility of Al 2024-T351 obtained from the CLT result could provide the similar SCC evaluation result obtained by SSRT with a proper selection of testing variables. The metallurgical aspect of SCC behaviour of Al 2024-T351 was also discussed based on the microstructural and fractographic examinations.     

Through-thickness SCC susceptibility of 2024-T351 and 7050-T7451 extrudates in 3.5% NaCl solution

The through-thickness stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviors of thick 2024-T351 and 7050-T7451 extrudates in 3.5% NaCl solution were studied at both anodic and cathodic applied potentials using a slow strain rate test method. The SCC susceptibilities of 2024-T351 extrudate tended to change in the throughthickness direction, with the lowest susceptibility for the surface specimen. 7050-T7451 specimens, on the other hand, did not show a notable change in the through-thickness SCC susceptibility. The fractographic analysis suggested that the grain boundary played an important role in determining the SCC susceptibility. The SCC process of each alloy was discussed based on the microscopic and fractographic examinations.     

The effect of welding parameters on the corrosion behaviour of friction stir welded AA2024-T351

The effect of welding parameters (rotation speed and travel speed) on the corrosion behaviour of friction stir welds in the high strength aluminium alloy AA2024-T351 was investigated. It was found that rotation speed plays a major role in controlling the location of corrosion attack. Localised intergranular attack was observed in the nugget region for low rotation speed welds, whereas for higher rotation speed welds, attack occurred predominantly in the heat-affected zone. The increase in anodic reactivity in the weld zone was due to the sensitisation of the grain boundaries leading to intergranular attack. Enhancement of cathodic reactivity was also found in the nugget as a result of the precipitation of S-phase. The results were compared with samples of AA2024-T351 that had been heat treated to simulate the thermal cycle associated with welding, and with samples that had been exposed to high temperatures for extended periods to cause significant over-ageing.     

Quantitative characterization by micro-electrochemical measurements of the synergism of hydrogen, stress and dissolution on near-neutral pH stress corrosion cracking of pipelines

Occurrence of stress corrosion cracking of pipelines under a near-neutral pH condition depends on the synergism of stress, hydrogen and anodic dissolution at the crack tip of the steel. In this work, micro-electrochemical techniques, including localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique, were used to characterize quantitatively the synergistic effects of hydrogen and stress on local dissolution at crack-tip of a X70 pipeline steel in a near-neutral pH solution. Results demonstrate that, upon hydrogen-charging, the anodic dissolution of the steel is enhanced. The resistance of the deposited corrosion product layer depends on the charging current density. There is a non-uniform dissolution rate on the cracked steel specimen, with a highest dissolution current density measured at crack-tip. For a smooth steel specimen, the synergistic effect factor of hydrogen and stress is equal to 5.4, and the total effect of hydrogen and stress on anodic dissolution of the steel is 7.7. In the presence of a crack, the hydrogen effect factor, stress effect factor and the synergistic effect factor are approximately 4.3, 1.3 and 4.0, respectively. The total effect factor is up to 22.4, which is very close to the 20 times of difference of crack growth rate in pipelines in the presence and absence of the hydrogen involvement recorded in the field.     

黄铜在氨水中的溶解过程对其局部塑性变形的促进作用

用激光云纹干涉法研究了黄铜在氨水溶液中应力腐蚀过程中缺口前端位移场和应变场的变化。结果表明，在应力腐蚀裂纹萌生前，溶解（腐蚀）过程本身能使缺口前端性区增大，与此同时也使塑性区中各点的塑性变形量增大，即溶解过程本身能促进塑性变形。     

Effect of stress on electrochemical characteristics of pre-cracked ultrahigh strength stainless steel in acid sodium sulphate solution

The electrochemical behaviors of ultrahigh strength stainless steel Cr12Ni5MoCo14 at crack tip under applied stress were studied by micro-electrochemical measurements as well as finite element analysis. The non-uniform distribution of the stress and strain induces a higher electrochemical activity at crack tip and promotes the anodic dissolution rate. The corrosion rate increases with increasing applied stress. In the elastic stress range, the effect of the applied stress on the electrochemical behaviors of Cr12Ni4Mo2Co14 steel is small. In the plastic stress range, the plastic deformation has a dramatic effect on the mechanical–electrochemical interaction and enhances the anodic activity.     

A morphological study of filiform corrosive attack on chromated and alkaline-cleaned AA2024-T351 aluminium alloy

In order to characterise filiform corrosion on a commercial AA2024-T351 aluminium alloy, a detailed microscopical study using SEM and EDS was performed. One set of AA2024-T351 aluminium alloy samples was alkaline-cleaned and deoxidised and chromate conversion coated. Another set was alkaline-cleaned only. Both samples were similarly spray coated with a 42 μm clear polyurethane topcoat. Filaments were subjected to a range of specimen preparation techniques. Sections and top views examined by SEM revealed varying degrees of attack ranging from generalised etching without local attack to severe local attack in the form of pitting, resulting in grain etchout, grain boundary attack and subsurface etchout. EDS revealed the presence of chloride deep into the pits and the subsurface etchout.