线图法预测疲劳寿命的改进

线图法预测工程的疲劳寿命简单，方便。在已有预测公式的基础上，提出了预测低应力高周疲劳寿命的新公式，并进行了严密的公式推导，对一实例进行了计算并进行了验证，给出了新旧公式的预测结果，并进行了比较。     

金属材料和结构的疲劳寿命预测概率模型及应用研究进展

疲劳过程的不确定性以及影响疲劳寿命的不确定性因素较多,导致疲劳寿命的分散性难以预测,在疲劳寿命预测模型中采用统计学和概率论的概念和方法是描述疲劳过程不确定性和疲劳寿命分散性的一种重要手段。本文针对疲劳寿命预测概率模型进行综述,总结和介绍了疲劳寿命经验公式和参数的随机化模型、表征疲劳寿命离散性的统计模型、基于材料微结构和疲劳物理机制的疲劳寿命预测概率模型以及研究广布疲劳损伤的概率模型,并对金属材料与结构的疲劳寿命预测方法进行了展望。     

CFL增强RC梁抗弯疲劳强度的实验研究

疲劳强度是进行结构抗疲劳设计的重要力学参量。通过对5组24条碳纤维薄板(CFL)增强RC梁进行三点弯曲常幅疲劳试验,得到了增强梁的容许疲劳寿命和极限疲劳寿命S-N曲线及其相应的表达式,并推定其容许疲劳强度和极限疲劳强度分别为其极限承载力的62%和68%。还给出了新的疲劳寿命曲线的表达形式:载荷做功的功率H与增强梁的疲劳寿命N的关系曲线(H-N曲线),并由此推定了增强梁的容许疲劳强度和极限疲劳强度所对应的功率值。     

不同释放程度下下肢动脉支架的疲劳强度及寿命预测

目的 探究释放程度和支架结构对支架疲劳寿命的影响。方法 利用有限元法分析3款镍钛合金下肢动脉支架（Complete SE、E–luminexx–B和Pulsar–35）在脉动载荷作用下的力学性能,基于疲劳应变理论评估支架的疲劳强度,使用Fe–safe和Abaqus软件预测支架在不同释放程度（80%、85%、90%）下的疲劳寿命及安全性。应用Origin软件对支架应力与疲劳寿命进行拟合。结果 支架在释放尺度为80%～90%下的疲劳强度均满足10年疲劳寿命的要求。3种支架释放程度为90%时,疲劳强度大,寿命长;释放程度为80%时,疲劳强度、寿命及安全系数小。相同释放程度下,偏置型波峰结构支架变形后的交变应变及弹性应力值最大,支架寿命及安全系数最小;对称型波峰结构支架CE的寿命及安全系数小于EB。通过LangevinMod函数拟合PR支架疲劳寿命,拟合优度R2>0.99。结论 随着释放程度的增大,3款支架疲劳强度、寿命及安全系数呈增大趋势。在相同释放程度下,支撑单元对称型波峰结构支架疲劳强度、寿命及安全系数比偏置型波峰结构支架大,减小对称型波峰结构支架的连接体宽度有利于提高支架寿命。     

金属材料疲劳试验与数据处理方法

疲劳是金属材料机械构件常见的一种失效形式,疲劳试验方法与数据处理方法一直是研究学者们关注的热点。该文从疲劳寿命和规定寿命下的疲劳强度两个方面介绍了疲劳试验和数据处理方法的主要研究成果,并说明了几种典型的疲劳寿命试验方法与疲劳寿命概率分布参数的统计方法,以及规定寿命下的疲劳强度试验方法与规定寿命下的疲劳强度概率分布参数的统计方法;并通过算例,对比了不同方法之间的差异。     

潮湿空气环境对2024-T3铝合金疲劳性能的影响

采用2024-T3铝合金含中心孔试件进行了实验室空气环境和潮湿空气环境下的疲劳寿命实验及升降法实验,研究了潮湿空气环境对2024-T3铝合金疲劳性能的影响.结果表明,潮湿空气环境显著降低了2024-T3铝合金的疲劳性能,潮湿空气环境对其疲劳寿命特征值和疲劳强度均值的影响系数分别为0.6059和0.8722;在潮湿空气环境中疲劳寿命的分散性变大,用疲劳寿命的中值或特征值得到的腐蚀影响系数进行可靠度95%的腐蚀环境下的寿命修正,将得到偏危险的结果.用潮湿空气环境对基本可靠性寿命的影响系数由标准S-N曲线折算得到的对疲劳强度的影响系数与升降法测得的对疲劳强度的影响系数基本一致,在潮湿空气环境下标准S-N曲线参数仍然适用.     

船舶工程焊接接头完整性评估与疲劳寿命预测技术综述

介绍了船体结构中含缺陷的焊接接头完整性评估以及疲劳寿命预测方法,对结构完整性评估的K准则、COD准则、J积分准则、SINTAP/FITNET安全性评定方法以及评定流程、国内外标准进行介绍。并对焊接接头的疲劳强度影响因素,如平均应力、残余应力以及接头几何形状应力集中等进行了分析;介绍了焊接接头疲劳寿命预测的常用方法,如基于名义应力的评估方法、基于断裂力学的评估方法、基于损伤力学的评估方法以及其它疲劳评估方法等。此外,还对基于断裂力学法建立的焊接残余应力与疲劳裂纹扩展寿命之间的函数关系进行了介绍,该方法实现了对含残余应力的焊接结构疲劳寿命的精确预测。     

疲劳研究进展

本文概述了近四年来国内疲劳研究的主要问题,包括:疲劳文献分析、裂纹萌生和扩展、随机疲劳与寿命估算、焊接节点疲劳强度、腐蚀疲劳强度、疲劳寿命与疲劳强度的统计特性、疲劳试验与试验设计等七个方面。     

基于均方误差修正的渗碳12CrNi3钢疲劳强度预测模型

为对渗碳12CrNi₃合金钢提供一种安全可靠的高周疲劳强度预测方法,本文利用高频疲劳测试机,在10⁴～10⁸循环周次内对渗碳12CrNi₃合金钢疲劳试样开展应力比为-1的高周疲劳实验。采用灰色估计法对渗碳12CrNi₃钢疲劳数据的威布尔W(α,β,γ)参数进行评估,并通过估算的威布尔参数,进一步确定渗碳12CrNi₃合金钢强度预测模型的参数。考虑应力-寿命关系,结合疲劳数据的威布尔分布规律,建立了失效概率为1%时的渗碳12CrNi₃合金钢高周疲劳强度预测模型。从预测疲劳强度安全可靠性出发,通过均方误差(MSE)方法对模型进行修正,并将修正后模型99%MSE下界线与渗碳12CrNi₃合金钢疲劳寿命P-S-N曲线(不同存活率P的S-N曲线)进行对比,研究发现12CrNi₃合金钢疲劳寿命数据点均位于模型99%MSE下界线内,预测结果很好。研究表明,在以渗碳12CrNi₃合金钢...     

潮湿空气环境下2024-T351铝合金的缺口疲劳强度

采用预腐蚀2024-T351铝合金光滑和缺口试样,在潮湿空气环境下开展了两种应力比(R=-1和0.06)下的腐蚀疲劳试验,获得了相应的S-N曲线。通过光滑与缺口试样的疲劳强度比较,研究了潮湿空气环境下材料的缺口疲劳效应,并进一步获得了不同应力比下疲劳缺口因子(Kf)与疲劳寿命(Nf)之间的实验关系式。结合实测Kf值,对目前工程中的代表性缺口疲劳因子近似估算公式(Neuber公式、Peterson公式、Heywood公式)在腐蚀环境与一定平均应力下的适用性进行了初步检验。     

On the estimation of the material fatigue properties required to perform the multiaxial fatigue assessment

To accurately perform the fatigue assessment of engineering components subjected to in‐service multiaxial fatigue loading, the adopted design criterion must properly be calibrated, the used information usually being the fatigue strength under both pure uniaxial and pure torsional fatigue loading. Because of the complex fatigue response of metallic materials to multiaxial loading paths, the only reliable way to generate the necessary pieces of calibration information is by running appropriate experiments. Unfortunately, because of a lack of both time and resources, very often, structural engineers are requested to perform the multiaxial fatigue assessment by guessing the necessary fatigue properties. In this complex scenario, initially, the available empirical rules suitable for estimating fatigue strength under both pure axial and pure torsional fatigue loading are reviewed in detail. Subsequently, several experimental results taken from the literature and generated by testing metallic materials under a variety of proportional and non‐proportional multiaxial loading paths are used to investigate the way such empirical rules affect the accuracy in estimating fatigue strength, the damage extent being evaluated according to the modified Wöhler curve method. Such a systematic validation exercise allowed us to prove that under proportional loading (with both zero and non‐zero mean stresses), an adequate margin of safety can be reached even when the necessary calibration information is directly estimated from the material ultimate tensile strength. On the contrary, in the presence of non‐proportional loading, the use of the empirical rules reviewed in the present paper can result, under particular circumstances, in a non‐conservative fatigue design.     

考虑加载速度影响的沥青混合料疲劳方程

为了建立沥青混合料强度与疲劳行为之间的联系,通过不同加载速率下的沥青混合料直接拉伸强度试验,揭示了强度随加载速率的幂函数变化规律;基于不同加载速率下的强度值,得到了与疲劳加载速率对应的沥青混合料疲劳真实应力比;通过疲劳试验,创建了基于名义应力比和真实应力比的沥青混合料疲劳方程,基于名义应力比的疲劳方程后延后与横坐标的交点远比1 大,不具有后延性,而基于真实应力比的疲劳方程可以后延到疲劳寿命为1 的强度破坏点,统一了强度破坏与疲劳破坏行为;据此推导了沥青路面抗拉强度结构系数计算新方法;研究结果可为我国公路沥青路面设计规范的修订提供理论依据.     

Bond behaviour of high‐strength concrete flexural member under low cyclic fatigue loading

Use of high‐strength concrete can lead to more economical design reducing the material requirements, weight of structure and extended service life of structure. The effect of fatigue loading is more prominent on the structures using high‐strength concrete. Bond between concrete and reinforcing bars is a major factor affecting the performance and sustainability of reinforced concrete structures. Less research is available on the effect of low cyclic fatigue loading on the bond strength of high‐strength concrete. In this research, reinforced concrete beams (1165 × 150 × 225 mm) were tested under low cyclic loading with different stress range levels. It can be concluded that the bond strength of high‐strength concrete is more than for normal‐strength concrete. Low‐cyclic fatigue loading decreased the bond strength under monotonic loading by about 43–45%. Energy dissipation during cycling is found to be good. At higher cycles, energy dissipation decreased because of local damages in front of bar ribs. With the increase in number of cycles, change in slip behaviour was found.     

Biodegradable behaviour and fatigue life of ZEK100 magnesium alloy in simulated physiological environment

The fatigue life of ZEK100 magnesium alloy in the phosphate buffered solution for various immersion intervals was investigated by experiments and theoretical predictions. The biodegradable behaviours of ZEK100 magnesium alloy were also studied. Microstructure observation showed that the corrosion behaviours were characterized by pitting corrosion. The corrosion rate decreased a lot in the initial 7 d and then almost stayed unchanged. After 28 d immersion, the elastic modulus almost kept stable, while the yield strength and the ultimate strength decreased a lot, which indicated that corrosion had important effects on the tensile mechanical properties. It showed that the fatigue life of the samples under the same stress conditions decreased with increasing immersion time under the asymmetric stress‐controlled cyclic loading. Considering the effect of corrosion on the material failure, a modified fatigue life model was proposed for magnesium alloy under corrosion.     

A stochastic theory of cumulative fatigue damage

A Stochastic theory for the cumulative fatigue damage of structural component with random fatigue strength under random loading is proposed on the basis of the Stratonovich-Khasminskii theorem. The analytical solutions for the probability densities of the cumulative fatigue damage and fatigue life and for the reliability function are given for steel and reinforced concrete components, with constant fatigue strength subject to narrow band stationary Gaussian stress process with zero mean. The results agree very well with those of digital simulation. It is noted that the theory can be applied, in principle, to metallic and some nonmetallic materials, to both narrow band and wide band stress process, and can be adapted to a sequence of n stationary stress process or quasi-stationary stress process. The scatter and degradation of fatigue strength can also be incorporated into the theory.     

Prediction methods of fatigue critical point for notched components under multiaxial fatigue loading

Two methods based on local stress responses are proposed to locate fatigue critical point of metallic notched components under non‐proportional loading. The points on the notch edge maintain a state of uniaxial stress even when the far‐field fatigue loading is multiaxial. The point bearing the maximum stress amplitude is recognized as fatigue critical point under the condition of non‐mean stress; otherwise, the Goodman's empirical formula is adopted to amend mean stress effect prior to the determination of fatigue critical point. Furthermore, the uniaxial stress state can be treated as a special multiaxial stress state. The Susmel's fatigue damage parameter is employed to evaluate the fatigue damage of these points on the notch edge. Multiaxial fatigue tests on thin‐walled round tube notched specimens made of GH4169 nickel‐base alloy and 2297 aluminium‐lithium alloy are carried out to verify the two methods. The prediction results show that both the stress amplitude method and the Susmel's parameter method can accurately locate the fatigue critical point of metallic notched components under multiaxial fatigue loading.     

一种新的多轴高周疲劳模型

将疲劳强度以上加载等效为塑性应变,建立了塑性应变与加载应力呈线性关系的表达式,由此得到循环加载的塑性应变能。该塑性应变能使材料微观组织结构发生不可逆变化而引起等效宏观应力。假定该应力符合一种特定的分布函数,导出其最大应力与外加应力叠加达到材料本征断裂应力时的裂纹成核寿命,从而并由微裂纹引起上述两部分应力变化,得到继续加载直至宏观裂纹出现的疲劳寿命。所建立的多轴疲劳寿命公式由3个材料参数表达,并通过单轴疲劳试验数据确定。初步研究表明：该模型对所引用的多轴疲劳试验数据有很好的预测能力。     

基于塑性应变能的多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型

在分析多轴疲劳损伤机理的基础上,提出一个新的多轴低周疲劳寿命预测模型。此模型以临界平面上的塑性应变能作为疲劳损伤参量,分析了临界平面的特点并给出了损伤参量的计算过程。利用该模型预测了不同加载路径下的304不锈钢试件的疲劳寿命,并与试验值进行比较。结果表明,该损伤参量具有明确的物理意义,能够适用于多轴比例与非比例等各种复杂的加载情况。     

S‐N curve for riveted details in corrosive environment and its application to a bridge

A formula for stress‐life curve is proposed to predict the fatigue life of riveted bridges located in corrosive environments. The corrosive environment‐dependent parameters of the S‐N curve are determined based on the corrosion fatigue testing results of different types of steel specimens in air, fresh water, and seawater. Eurocode detail category 71 and UK WI‐rivet detail category represent the fatigue strength of riveted members. The proposed S‐N curve formula is compared with full‐scale fatigue test results of riveted joints, plate girders, and truss girders, which were tested in a corrosive environment. Thus, the validity of the formula is confirmed. The formula does not require any material parameter other than the code‐given fatigue curve of riveted details. The fatigue life of a riveted railway bridge is estimated by using the proposed formula, and the results are compared with conventional approaches. The applicability and significance of the proposed curve are confirmed.     

钢筋混凝土桥梁疲劳累积损伤失效过程简化分析方法

为了有效预测疲劳损伤累积程度与桥梁剩余寿命,提出了钢筋混凝土桥梁结构在运营荷载下疲劳失效全过程数值模拟的简化方法。首先,根据混凝土及钢筋疲劳刚度退化、疲劳强度退化与疲劳残余变形演变规律,建立了混凝土及钢筋经历任意次数疲劳加载后的剩余强度包络线方程,基于混凝土单轴本构模型和钢筋理想弹塑性模型,建立了混凝土及钢筋疲劳本构模型;然后,在此基础上对文献提出的疲劳全过程分析法进行了改进,提出了疲劳损伤累积失效全过程数值分析法;最后,基于ABAQUS 软件平台和该文方法,对某钢筋混凝土简支梁算例进行疲劳全过程数值分析。结果表明:利用该文方法得到的模拟值与试验值的相对误差处于合理范围之内,验证了该文方法的可靠性和实用性。