Optimization model and algorithm for mixed traffic of urban road network with flow interference

In this paper, the problem of interferences between motors and non-motors in urban road mixed traffic network is considered and the corresponding link impedance function is presented based on travel demand. On the base of this, the main factors that influence travelers’ traffic choices are all considered and a combined model including flow-split and assignment problem is proposed. Then a bi-level model with its algorithm for system optimization of urban road mixed traffic network is proposed. Finally the application of the model and its algorithm is illustrated with a numerical example. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 70631001) and the National Basic Research Program of China (“973”) (Grant No. 2006CB705500)     

Cellular automation model for analyzing capacity of branch road section

In order to reduce the traffic pressure of urban arterial road with the rational utilization of the branch road, the vehicle meeting behavior on the branch road without divided lane was described, and the cellular automation (CA) model was put forward by introducing meeting behavior to reflect the relation between safe meeting speed and road width. The numerical simulation results depict several relation curves between road section capacity, speed and road width under different directional distributions of traffic flow, as well as the curves between the major and minor direction saturation flow, speed and road width. These relation characteristics indicate that except the one-way road section capacity and speed remaining unchanged, other road section capacities and speeds under different directional distributions increase with the increase of road width. On narrow road, the two-way traffic capacity and speed are less than those of one-way traffic; on wide road, the two-way traffic capacity doubles that of one-way traffic, but their speeds are almost the same. As the directional distribution moves to an even distribution of 50/50, the major direction saturation flows and speeds as well as the minor direction speeds tend to decease, while the minor direction saturation flow tends to increase.     

A random adaptive method to adjust MAC parameters in IEEE802.11e WLAN

The IEEE 802.11e standard is proposed to provide QoS support in WLAN by providing prioritized differentiation of traffic. Since all the stations in the same priority access category (AC) have the same set of parameters, when the number of stations increases, the probability of different stations in the same AC choosing the same values will increase, which will result in collisions. Random adaptive MAC (medium access control) parameters scheme (RAMPS) is proposed, which uses random adaptive MAC differentiation parameters instead of the static ones used in the 802.11e standard. The performance of RAMPS is compared with that of enhanced distributed coordination access (EDCA) using NS2. The results show that RAMPS can reduce collision rate of the AC and improve the throughput by using adaptive random contention window size and inter-frame spacing values. RAMPS ensures that at any given time, several flows of the same priority have different MAC parameter values. By using the random offset for the inter-frame spacing value and the backoff time, RAMPS can provide intra-AC differentiation. The simulation results show that RAMPS outperforms EDCA in terms of both throughput and end-to-end delay irrespective of the traffic load. Foundation item: Project(60673164) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(06JJ10009) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China; Project(20060533057) supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China; Project(2008CB317107) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(NCET-05-0683) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University     

非平衡交通分配的离散网络平衡设计模型与算法

交通网络设计问题是指对一个已经存在的交通网络,用定量的方法确定添加哪些新路段、对哪些已有路段进行改造以提高其通行能力的问题,并分为连续网络设计问题和离散网络设计问题.针对该问题提出了一种新的离散网络平衡设计二层规划模型,模型不仅考虑了新增路段及已有路段的扩容,而且允许不同等级的扩容选择.模型求解中,上层问题采用粒子群算法,下层问题采用路径生成式logit非平衡交通分配算法.数值结果显示,本文提出的算法可以快速有效地求解这类新的网络平衡设计二层规划模型.     

路网交通状态平衡控制方法

为了降低路网的拥挤度,提出了路网交通状态平衡控制方法。以交叉口最大饱和度代表交叉口交通状态,以路网最大饱和度最小为目标建立了路网交通状态平衡控制双层规划模型。利用遗传算法求解该规划模型,优化算法可以同时优化信号周期和各相位绿信比。考虑到整体延误、交通状态以及各个交叉口的重要度,对平衡控制方法进行了改进。数值模拟结果表明,本文方法可以在一定程度上降低关键区域的拥挤度。     

城市交通干线的协调优化控制模型

对城市干线上一批相邻的交通信号进行协调控制,可减少干线上车辆的延误和停车次数。通过对城市干线常态与过饱和状态下的交通流状况分析,建立了对干线实施线控系统相位差优化调节的数学模型。该模型反应了沿干线行驶车辆在干线各交叉口延误情况的内在机理,是一种减少干线车辆延误的有效方法,对改善城市交通拥挤状况,提高干线道路服务能力具有积极的现实意义。     

Digital characterization and mathematic model of sodium penetration into cathode material for aluminum electrolysis

The sodium expansion curves of semi-graphitic cathode and TiB₂/C composite cathode with different TiB₂ contents were measured with the improved Rapoport-Samoilenko apparatus. The mathematic model of the sodium expansion was deduced on the basis of the experimental results. The sodium expansion parameter (a) and penetration rate factor (Q), were introduced into the model. The model was validated with the experimental sodium expansion curves self-measured and reported. The results show that the variation tendency of the sodium expansion parameter (a) and penetration rate factor (Q) is consistent with that of the experimental curves. The model is capable of not only conveniently judging the cathode quality, but also favorably establishing a unified standard of the resistance to sodium penetration of cathode. Foundation item: Project(2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(2008AA030502) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(GUIKEJI0639032) supported by the Science Fund Project of Guangxi Province, China     

城市交通干线的协调优化控制模型

对城市干线上一批相邻的交通信号进行协调控制,可减少干线上车辆的延误和停车次数。通过对城市干线常态与过饱和状态下的交通流状况分析,建立了对干线实施线控系统相位差优化调节的数学模型。该模型反应了沿干线行驶车辆在干线各交叉口延误情况的内在机理,是一种减少干线车辆延误的有效方法,对改善城市交通拥挤状况,提高干线道路服务能力具有积极的现实意义。     

Automatic brush-plating technology for component remanufacturing

An automatic brush-plating system was developed for component remanufacturing. With this system, Ni/nano-alumina composite coatings from an electrolyte containing 20 g/L nano-alumina particles were prepared. Microstructure, surface morphology, microhardness and wear resistance of automatically plated coating and manually plated coatings were investigated comparatively. The results show that the automatically plated coatings are relatively dense and uniform and have lower friction coefficient of 0.089 under lubricant condition, when compared with manually plated coatings with friction coefficient of 0.14. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(G1999065009) supported by the National Basic Research Program of China     

Adaptive learning with guaranteed stability for discrete-time recurrent neural networks

To avoid unstable learning, a stable adaptive learning algorithm was proposed for discrete-time recurrent neural networks. Unlike the dynamic gradient methods, such as the backpropagation through time and the real time recurrent learning, the weights of the recurrent neural networks were updated online in terms of Lyapunov stability theory in the proposed learning algorithm, so the learning stability was guaranteed. With the inversion of the activation function of the recurrent neural networks, the proposed learning algorithm can be easily implemented for solving varying nonlinear adaptive learning problems and fast convergence of the adaptive learning process can be achieved. Simulation experiments in pattern recognition show that only 5 iterations are needed for the storage of a 15×15 binary image pattern and only 9 iterations are needed for the perfect realization of an analog vector by an equilibrium state with the proposed learning algorithm.     

Residual stresses within sprayed coatings

Some important developments of residual stress researches for coating-based systems were studied. The following topics were included the sources of residual stresses in coatings: error analysis of Stoney’s equation in the curvature method used for the measurement of coating residual stress, the modeling of residual stress and some analytical models for predicting the residual stresses in coatings. These topics should provide some important insights for the fail-safe design of the coating-based systems. Foundation item: Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2003AA331130) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of humic acid by inoculating white-rot fungus during different phases of agricultural waste composting

The white-rot fungus, Phanerochaete chrysosporium (P. chrysosporium), was inoculated during different phases of agricultural waste composting, and its effect on the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of humic acid (HA) was studied. The results show that the emission spectra have a sharp peak at 400 nm and a broad shoulder with the maximum centered at 460 nm. The excitation spectra have two peaks and exhibit red shift (shift to longer wavelengths) at 470 nm. The synchronous scan spectra present a number of peaks and shoulders, and the peaks at shorter wavelengths disappear gradually and form a shoulder. At the final stage of composting, the fluorescence spectra have similar shapes, but the fluorescence intensities decrease. P. chrysosporium increases the degree of aromatization and polymerization of HA when it is inoculated during the second fermentation phase, while it does not produce an obvious change on the humification degree of HA when it is inoculated during the first fermentation phase. Compared with the fluorescence spectroscopy characteristics of HA from soil, the structure of HA from compost is simpler and the activity is higher. Foundation item: Project(2005CB724203) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project(IRT0719) supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China; Projects(50608029, 50808073) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2007185) supported by the Environmental Protection Technology Research Program of Hunan Province, China     

Microstructure and wear resistance of electro-thermal explosion sprayed stellite coating used for remanufacturing

Electro-thermal explosion directional spraying was used to prepare the stellite coating on substrate of the AISI 1045 steel. The morphologies of cross-section and worn scar, porosity, distribution of elements, micro-hardness and wear resistance of the coating were determined by means of SEM, EDAX, micro-hardness tester and sliding wear tester. Because of the compact construction, good bonding and high hardness, the coating is characterized by good wear resistance. The results show that the mainly failure mode of the stellite coating is micro-plowing. Foundation item: Project(2003AA331130) supported by Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China; Project(50235030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Automated retinal blood vessels segmentation based on simplified PCNN and fast 2D-Otsu algorithm

According to the characteristics of dynamic firing in pulse coupled neural network (PCNN) and regional configuration in retinal blood vessel network, a new method combined with simplified PCNN and fast 2D-Otsu algorithm was proposed for automated retinal blood vessels segmentation. Firstly, 2D Gaussian matched filter was used to enhance the retinal images and simplified PCNN was employed to segment the blood vessels by firing neighborhood neurons. Then, fast 2D-Otsu algorithm was introduced to search the best segmentation results and iteration times with less computation time. Finally, the whole vessel network was obtained via analyzing the regional connectivity. Experiments implemented on the public Hoover database indicate that this new method gets a 0.803 5 true positive rate and a 0.028 0 false positive rate on an average. According to the test results, compared with Hoover algorithm and method of PCNN and 1D-Otsu, the proposed method shows much better performance. Foundation item: Project (60872081) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project (50051) supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University; Project (4092034) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing     

Isolation and characterization of Acidithiobacillus caldus from several typical environments in China

Six strains of moderately thermophilic sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were isolated from several different typical environments in China. The identities of the isolates were confirmed by analyses of their 16S rRNA genes, and some key physiological traits. The isolates are Gram negative, rod-shaped bacteria, their optimal temperature and pH value for growth are 45-50 ℃ and 2.5-3.5 respectively. They are autotrophic and used＇elemental sulfur, sodium thiosulfate and potassium tetrathionate as electron donor, while a little glucose stimulated their growth. 16S rDNA sequences analysis reveals that the strains are phylogenetically clustered to Acidithiobacillus caldus.     

A sink moving scheme based on local residual energy of nodes in wireless sensor networks

In the application of periodic data-gathering in sensor networks, sensor nodes located near the sink have to forward the data received from all other nodes to the sink, which depletes their energy very quickly. A moving scheme for the sink based on local residual energy was proposed. In the scheme, the sink periodically moves to a new location with the highest stay-value defined by the average residual energy and the number of neighbors. The scheme can balance energy consumption and prevent nodes around sink from draining their energy very quickly in the networks. The simulation results show that the scheme can prolong the network lifetime by 26%–65% compared with the earlier schemes where the sink is static or moves randomly. Foundation item: Project(60673164) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(20060533057) supported by the Specialized Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China     

Hybrid optimization model of product concepts

Deficiencies of applying the simple genetic algorithm to generate concepts were specified. Based on analyzing conceptual design and the morphological matrix of an excavator, the hybrid optimization model of generating its concepts was proposed, viz. an improved adaptive genetic algorithm was applied to explore the excavator concepts in the searching space of conceptual design, and a neural network was used to evaluate the fitness of the population. The optimization of generating concepts was finished through the ＂evolution - evaluation＂ iteration. The results show that by using the hybrid optimization model, not only the fitness evaluation and constraint conditions are well processed, but also the search precision and convergence speed of the optimization process are greatly improved. An example is presented to demonstrate the advantages of the orooosed method and associated algorithms.     

Singular perturbation approach for control of hydraulically driven flexible manipulator

The hydraulic flexible manipulator system is divided into two parts: flexible arm dynamics and hydraulic servomechanism, a driving Jacobian is derived to connect these two parts. Taking hydraulic actuator force as virtual input, a singular perturbed composite model is formulated and used to design composite controllers for the flexible link, in which the slow subsystem controller dominates the trajectory tracking, and then a fast controller is designed to damp out the vibration of the flexible structure. Moreover, the backstepping technique is applied to regulate the spool position of a hydraulic valve to provide the required force. Simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the presented approach. Foundation item: Project (2001AA4422200) supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education of China; project supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Adsorption of copper（ Ⅱ ） and chromium（Ⅵ） on diaspore

The adsorption of Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） on diaspore was studied with the help of X-ray diffraction analysis, BET measurement, zeta potential measurement and atomic adsorption spectrometry. The adsorption equilibrium almost reaches within 60 min. The adsorption isotherms of Cu（ Ⅱ ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be well described by the Langmuir equation. The adsorption capacities of Cu（Ⅱ） and Cr（Ⅵ） are 1.944 and 1.292 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption percentage of Cr（Ⅱ ） increases with the increment of solution pH, but the adsorption percentage of Cr（Ⅵ） decreases. This could be explained by zeta potential theoretical and electrostatic attraction between metal ions and diaspore surface.     

Improved PSO algorithm and its application

The mechanism of particle swarm optimization algorithm is studied, and one can draw the conclusion that the best particle found by the swarm falling into local minima is one of the main reasons for premature convergence. Therefore, an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. This algorithm selects the best particle with roulette wheel selection method, so premature converging to local optima is avoided. At last, the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied to optimization of time-sharing power supply for zinc electrolytic process. Simulation and practical results show that the global search ability of IPSO is improved greatly and optimization of time-sharing power supply for zinc electrolytic process can bring about outstanding economic benefit for plant. Foundation item: Project (2002CB312200) supported by the National Key Research 973 Program of China