聚偏氟乙烯功能膜研究进展

聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)机械性能、耐老化及耐化学腐蚀等性能优良,广泛应用于膜分离与膜过程领域,但其亲水性能差、易受污染使其在膜分离方面的应用受到限制,对其亲水性和抗污染性是目前研究的重要课题;其β晶型的特殊结构使PVDF具有优异的介电性、压电性和铁电性等,在介电材料、压电材料等领域应用愈来愈广,但晶型的多样性及聚集状态使得其电学性能不稳定,因此控制β晶相的含量及其有序聚集状态是能量存储和转换材料领域研究的前沿趋势。     

制膜用聚偏氟乙烯树脂的开发和应用

综述了聚偏氟乙烯树脂国内外生产厂商的基本情况以及合成方法，介绍了聚偏氟乙烯膜的具体用途。     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚离子液体共混膜的优化制备

研究制备了由聚离子液体(PIL)改性的聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混膜,探讨了凝固浴组成的变化对PVDF共混膜的影响。通过FTIR、XPS、SEM分析了膜表面的组成及膜孔结构;通过水接触角和机械强度测试分析了膜的性能,并研究了膜对橙黄Ⅳ的吸附容量。实验表明:随着凝固浴中DMF含量的增加,膜的水接触角从77.79°减小到51.94°,亲水性显著增强,膜对橙黄Ⅳ的吸附容量从7.7 mg/g增加到16.1 mg/g,实现对PVDF膜的优化改性。     

增强型聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜的研制

通过相转化法制备无纺布支撑的增强型聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜,确定二甲基乙酰胺(DMAC)为溶剂,氯化锂为第二添加剂,以水作为凝胶浴.研究了添加剂组成和浓度、凝胶浴组成和浓度、凝胶浴温度、热处理条件等因素对聚偏氟乙烯膜性能的影响.     

聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜的制备与透过性能研究

采用相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）微孔膜,研究了铸膜液中聚偏氟乙烯含量、溶剂的种类、添加剂的种类和含量、膜厚度以及操作压力等因素对聚偏氟乙烯膜水通量的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜观测了制备膜的表面结构。结果表明,制膜条件对聚偏氟乙烯微孔膜通量有重要影响,通量随添加剂含量和压力的增大而增大,随PVDF含量和膜厚度的增大而减小;当压力上升到0．16MPa时,通量将不随压力变化,达到极限通量。     

聚乙烯阴离子交换膜掺混聚偏氟乙烯改性表征

聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）因含氟乙烯基单体,拥有良好的化学稳定性、热学稳定性和机械性能,与其他高分子膜材料相比更容易提高离子交换膜的性能。本实验采用热压法制备PVDF聚乙烯阴离子交换膜,探讨了PVDF含量对膜性能的影响,如膜电阻、离子交换容量、耐破度、含水率和选择透过性。利用红外光谱仪及扫描电子显微镜表征手段对PVDF膜表面性质和结构进行了分析。结果表明,当PVDF含量增加时,膜面电阻、耐破度升高。离子交换容量、含水率,反离子选择透过性降低。虽然PVDF的添加导致含水率、交换容量等膜性能的下降,但耐破度的升高表明膜稳定性和机械性能得到了提升,这赋予PVDF聚乙烯膜一定的使用价值。     

聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维膜的研制

本文选用聚偏氟乙烯作为膜材料,二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,聚乙二醇为添加剂,采用湿法纺丝成膜,对影响膜性能的诸因素进行了讨论,用所制的中空纤维膜组件对TNT废水进行了膜萃取实验。用回归正交实验设计确定的最佳配方为聚偏氟乙烯浓度22.14%,聚乙二醇浓度6.26%,二甲基甲酰胺71.60%,纺丝温度54.84℃。该最优组合膜的萃取速率为1.898mg/m     

聚偏氟乙烯共混隔膜的制备与性能

以乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯和丙烯腈为单体,合成了聚合物poly(AN-co-PEGDMA),然后与聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)共混,制备了不同poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)含量的PVDF/poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)共混隔膜,利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、差示扫描量热对共混隔膜的性能进行表征。结果表明,随着poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)含量的增加,PVDF/poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)的玻璃化转变温度逐渐提高,衍射峰的谱峰强度逐渐降低,隔膜的结晶度降低。SEM结果显示,随着poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)含量的增加共混隔膜的孔隙变大,有利于电解液的有效吸收。通过对PVDF/poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)共混隔膜电导率、吸液率的测定,表明在poly(AN-co-PEGDMA)质量分数为30%时,制得的共混隔膜的性能较佳。在此基础上,对共混隔膜构建的聚合物锂离子电池的电化学稳定窗口、电池容量和循环性能进行测试,其电化学稳定窗口为0～4.7 V(vs Li+/Li),放电电容为1.433～1.151 mAh,可以满足商业使用要求,具有广阔的应用前景。     

聚偏氟乙烯膜的亲水性改性研究进展

疏水性聚合物膜的亲水性改性是当前分离膜研究的热点之一。从膜表面亲水改性和膜材料亲水性改性的角度出发,综述了聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)分离膜的各种改性方法的特点及改性效果,分析了其亲水改性机理,指出膜材料共混改性是今后发展的主要方向。     

锂电池用聚偏氟乙烯粘结剂

锂电池用粘结剂是制造锂电池的重要材料之一,可直接影响其性能.介绍了锂电池用粘结剂应具备的特性、种类及存在的问题;叙述了日本专利中,偏氟乙烯作为锂电池用粘结剂和用偏氟乙烯与第二及第三单体的共聚改性、聚偏氟乙烯与其他聚合物共混改性等的方法.     

The Tribological Mechanism of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) Composites Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

The current study examines the tribological performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and carbon fiber-reinforced poly(vinylidene fluoride) (CF/PVDF) under dry sliding condition. Different contents of carbon fibers were employed as reinforcement. All filled and unfilled polyimide composites were tested against CGr15 ball and representative testing was performed. The effects of carbon fiber content on tribological properties of the composites were investigated. The worn surface morphologies of neat PVDF and its composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wear mechanisms were discussed. Moreover, all filled PVDFs have superior tribological characteristics to unfilled PVDFs. The optimum wear reduction was obtained when the content of carbon fiber is 20 vol%.     

Effect of Nano-Sized Poly(Butyl Acrylate) Layer Grafted from Graphene Oxide Sheets on the Compatibility and Beta-Phase Development of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride) and Their Vibration Sensing Performance

In this work, graphene oxide (GO) particles were modified with a nano-sized poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) layer to improve the hydrophobicity of the GO and improve compatibility with PVDF. The improved hydrophobicity was elucidated using contact angle investigations, and exhibit nearly 0° for neat GO and 102° for GO-PBA. Then, the neat GO and GO-PBA particles were mixed with PVDF using a twin screw laboratory extruder. It was clearly shown that nano-sized PBA layer acts as plasticizer and shifts glass transition temperature from −38.7 °C for neat PVDF to 45.2 °C for PVDF/GO-PBA. Finally, the sensitivity to the vibrations of various frequencies was performed and the piezoelectric constant in the thickness mode, d₃₃, was calculated and its electrical load independency were confirmed. Received values of the d₃₃ were for neat PVDF 14.7 pC/N, for PVDF/GO 20.6 pC/N and for PVDF/GO-PBA 26.2 pC/N showing significant improvement of the vibration sensing and thus providing very promising systems for structural health monitoring and data harvesting.     

Optical Properties of Composites Based on Poly(o-phenylenediamine), Poly(vinylenefluoride) and Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

In this work, synthesis and optical properties of a new composite based on poly(o-phenylenediamine) (POPD) fiber like structures, poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) spheres and double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs) are reported. As increasing the PVDF weight in the mixture of the chemical polymerization reaction of o-phenylenediamine, the presence of the PVDF spheres onto the POPD fibers surface is highlighted by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The down-shift of the Raman line from 1421 cm⁻¹ to 1415 cm⁻¹ proves the covalent functionalization of DWNTs with the POPD-PVDF blends. The changes in the absorbance of the IR bands peaked around 840, 881, 1240 and 1402 cm⁻¹ indicate hindrance steric effects induced of DWNTs to the POPD fiber like structures and the PVDF spheres, as a consequence of the functionalization process of carbon nanotubes with macromolecular compounds. The presence of the PVDF spheres onto the POPD fiber like structures surface induces a POPD photoluminescence (PL) quenching process. An additional PL quenching process of the POPD-PVDF blends is reported to be induced in the presence of DWNTs. The studies of anisotropic PL highlight a change of the angle of the binding of the PVDF spheres onto the POPD fiber like structures surface from 50.2° to 38° when the carbon nanotubes concentration increases in the POPD-PVDF/DWNTs composites mass up to 2 wt.%.     

Preparation and characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) nanocomposites containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanocomposites with different loadings of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were prepared by melt‐compounding technique. A homogeneous dispersion of MWNT throughout PVDF matrix was observed on the cryo‐fractured surfaces by scanning electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis results indicated that the thermal stability of neat PVDF was improved with the incorporation of MWNT. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed a significant improvement in the storage modulus over a temperature range from ?125 to 75°C with the addition of MWNT. The melt‐rheological studies illustrated that incorporating MWNT into PVDF matrix resulted in higher complex viscosities (|η*|), storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and lower loss factor (tan δ) than those of neat PVDF. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

聚偏氟乙烯的宽频介电谱特征研究

采用熔融法制备了聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）样品,通过X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和宽频介电谱分析仪对PVDF样品的结构及介电性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,熔融法获得的PVDF主要含α相;在40～100℃范围内出现由玻璃化转变引起的α-PVDF的松弛现象, 在-100～-50 ℃范围内出现的δ-PVDF松弛,是由非晶区分子运动产生的极化现象。     

聚偏氟乙烯熔体的流变特性

综述了聚偏氟乙烯树脂的性能、其熔体的流变特性及在熔融加工领域的广泛应用,详细介绍了剪切变稀的非牛顿流体流变行为及其影响因素。通过分子链支化、共混和共聚可改善PVDF熔体的流变性能,以满足不同性能制品的需求以及进一步拓宽熔融加工成型方法。