ANALYTICAL RESEARCH ON THE WAVE DIFFRACTION OF ARC-SHAPED FLOATING BREAKWATERS

1. INTRODUCTIONBreakwaters are generally constructed for thedissipation and reflection of incident wave energyin order to decrease the wave height to protect thecoast against the erosion and to decrease the forceacting on the coastal structures . Compared…     

V形贯底式防波堤上波浪作用力的解析研究

用解析方法计算V形贯底式防波堤在波浪绕射作用下周围流域任意点的速度势,研究波浪作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的波浪力。假定防波堤刚性、薄壁、不透浪、水深恒定。假想的圆柱面将整个流场划分为三个区域,分别在每个区域内将速度势用特征函数展开,然后在公共边界上按照速度连续,速度势连续的原则进行匹配,求得流域中任意一点的速度势和作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的总波力和总波力矩。数值结果给出了作用在防波堤上的波浪力随防波堤张角、入射波波长、入射角变化的曲线。结果表明:作用在V形贯底式防波堤上的波浪力与水深、防波堤的张角、入射波的波长等因素有关。     

浅水波与圆弧型贯底式防波堤的相互作用

该文基于椭圆余弦波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了浅水波对圆弧型贯底式多孔介质防波堤绕射的波势解,并据此解析计算了作用于防波堤的水平波浪载荷与浅水波波面分布。计算结果表明:浅水波入射角与非线性影响参数、海况条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪作用均存在一定的影响,结构透空可以明显减弱防波堤所受波浪作用。与微幅波理论对比可知:在一定浅水条件下采用椭圆余弦波一阶分量模型所计算的最大无量纲波浪力、力矩和波面分布值均明显高于微幅波理论的对应估值,反映了水波非线性因素的影响效应。     

波浪对圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤绕射的解析计算

在微幅波绕射理论的基础上,使用特征函数展开法,推导了圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤复合结构的水波绕射的解析解,并据此计算了该结构所受到的波浪载荷以及绕射波面分布。计算结果表明:与单一圆柱相比,外接圆弧型防波堤的存在可明显降低作用于圆柱的波浪载荷和圆柱表面的波浪爬高;采用外接堤表面密实或透空而内圆柱表面透空的结构形式可以取得圆柱防浪的较佳效果;结构透空系数、波浪入射角度、外接堤张角、外堤半径与水深比、水深与波长比等因素的变化对绕射波浪作用均存在一定影响。     

Time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of pontoon-plate floating breakwater

The hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating breakwater consisting of a rectangular pontoon and horizontal plates are studied theoretically. The fluid motion is idealized as two-dimensional linear potential flow. The motions of the floating breakwater are assumed to be two-dimensional in sway, heave, and roll. The solution to the fluid motion is derived by transforming the governing differential equation into the integral equation on the boundary in time domain with the Green’s function method. The motion equations of the floating breakwater are established and solved with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the displacement and velocity of the breakwater. The mooring forces are computed with the static method. The computational results of the wave transmission coefficient, the motion responses, and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are given. It is indicated that the relative width of the pontoon is an important factor influencing the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater. The transmission coefficient decreases obviously as the relative width of the pontoon increases. The horizontal plates help to reduce the wave transmission over the floating breakwater. The motion responses and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are less than those of the pontoon floating breakwater. The mooring force at the offshore side is larger than that at the onshore side.     

波浪荷载对半圆型潜堤作用的数值分析

基于动量源数值造波原理,运用Fluent软件模拟了半圆型潜堤表面波压的分布及变化规律,采用π定理分析了波陡、水深及波长对半圆型潜堤表面波浪力的影响,并通过统计潜堤表面各点所受压力（最大波压力与最小波压力的差值）最大值的分布,给出了半圆型潜堤表面压力最大值出现的位置及概率.分析结果表明,在水深较深时,波陡的改变会使波压力在堤顶至背浪侧发生明显变化;水深波长比的改变,会引起半圆堤两侧波压力不同的变化;波压力的最大值一般发生在堤顶处及其偏向背浪侧附近;半圆堤面上的动波压力最大值主要出现在两侧堤脚附近,随着波高的增加,堤面上各点的动波压力由近似对称分布向两侧受力不同转变.     

椭圆余弦波对V形防波堤绕射波浪力的解析计算

应用椭圆余弦波理论,给出了V形薄壁防波堤的浅水波绕射理论解,对现有Airy微幅波理论进行了有效拓展。通过对V形防波堤的浅水波浪力进行试算,揭示了椭圆余弦波对防波堤的作用规律。计算结果表明:椭圆余弦波理论计算的V形防波堤的最大无量纲波浪力明显大于相同浅水条件下Airy微幅波理论的对应结果,该方法有效拓展了无限长直立薄壁堤的反射波理论。此外,浅水波入射角、V形堤张角和防波堤臂长与水深比等参数的变化均将对V形堤的波浪作用产生相关影响,而V形堤的实际绕射波浪力幅值将随浅水波特征参数值的增大而增大。     

THE WAVE-MAKING CHARACTERISTICS OF A MOVING BODY IN A TWO-LAYER FLUID

The Wave-making characteristics of a moving body in a two-layer fluid with free surface is investigated numerically and experimentally. The numerical analysis is based on the modified layered boundary integral equation system. The wave characteristics on the free surface and interface generated by a moving sphere and an ellipsoid is numerically simulated in both finite depth and infinite depth of lower layer model. The numerical results of the sphere are compared with the analytical results for a dipole with the same velocity in a two-layer fluid of finite depth. The dependence of the wave systems and structures on the characteristic quantities is discussed. Three kinds of measurement techniques are used in model experiments on the internal waves generated by a sphere advancing in a two-layer fluid. The effects of the varying velocity and stratification on the wavelength, wave amplitudes and the maximum half angles of internal waves are analyzed qualitatively.     

THE RADIATION AND DIFFRACTION OF WATER WAVES BY A BOTTOM-MOUNTED CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN A TWO-LAYER FLUID

An analytical method was proposed to analyze the radiation and diffraction of water waves by a bottom-mounted circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid. Analytical expressions for added mass and damping coefficients, as well as the wave excitation forces of the circular cylinder were obtained by an eigenfunction expansion method. The hydrodynamic forces on the bottom-mounted circular cylinder in a two-layer fluid include not only the added mass and damping coefficients, but also the wave forces of the surface and internal-wave modes. This is different from the case of a homogenous fluid. Some examples were given, showing that density stratification can have a relative large effect on these hydrodynamic forces over a wide range of frequencies.     

Experimental study on wave-current structure around a pneumatic breakwater

A model of a pneumatic breakwater comprised of perforated pipes placed on a wave flume bottom and connected to a piston-type air compressor is installed in a wave flume. Ascending air bubbles form an aerial barrier which dissipates wave energy and reduces the height of transmitted waves. The model is exposed to regular waves with fixed parameters, and its properties are modified by changing the amount of air supplied to the pipes. Particle Image Velocimetry and Acoustic Doppler Velocimetry methods are employed to measure a wave-current velocity field in the close vicinity of a submerged aerial barrier used as a breakwater. The measurements are supported by free-surface elevation registration in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the pneumatic breakwater in damping waves and to identify processes responsible for wave energy dissipation. Basing on the measurements, the performance of the pneumatic breakwater in different wave conditions is analysed. The results indicate that the dissipation of energy inside a region of a turbulent flow induced by ascending air bubbles may be considered the main mechanism of wave energy attenuation by pneumatic breakwaters.     

柔性浮式防波堤消浪特性研究

针对圆柱形柔性浮式防波堤的消浪效果展开断面试验研究,分析其在规则波和不规则波作用下的消浪特性。通过大量水槽试验给出了圆柱形柔性浮式防波堤透射系数、反射系数、衰减系数与锚固方式、试验水深、相对宽度的变化关系。研究结果表明:该结构形式的浮式防波堤对短周期波浪消浪效果明显,而对长周期波浪消浪效果不佳;锚固方式和水深对消浪效果的影响较小;相对宽度是影响消浪效果的主要因素。研究成果可为由该结构连接成的"V"形浮式防波堤的锚固方式和摆放角度的设计提供参考。     

气幕防波堤消波性能影响因素数值模拟研究

为研究气幕防波堤消波性能影响因素,将空气和水组成的两相流体处理为变密度单流体,通过UDF在连续方程中添加质量源项和动量方程中添加动量源项建立了气幕防波堤的数学模型,并将数值模拟结果与试验结果进行对比分析,二者具有较好的一致性,验证了气幕防波堤数学模型建立的合理性。以此为基础,对影响气幕防波堤消波性能的因素如入射波高、管道淹没深度进行了数值模拟计算,并通过分析、比较得出相关结论。这些结论对气幕防波堤的实际工程设计、施工等具有一定参考价值和指导意义。     

规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数数值模拟

潜堤透浪系数是衡量潜堤削弱波浪能力的主要指标。基于Boussinesq型方程的MIKE21-BW模型建立波浪数值水槽,进行规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的数值模拟。根据Dingemans物理模型试验结果对BW模型进行参数率定和验证,验证结果良好。在此基础上,进一步分析了影响潜堤透浪系数的无因次影响参数,包含相对淹没深度、波陡、相对堤顶宽度、斜坡堤坡度等,研究不同因素组合情况下潜堤透浪系数的变化规律。建立了规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的计算式,应用MATLAB数学软件对式中的系数进行拟合,拟合式计算值与BW模型计算值相关系数为0.858,相关性较好。另外,将拟合式与杨正己公式进行比较,并分析数据的差异与原因。研究表明:MIKE21-BW模型可以进行规则波作用下潜堤透浪系数的数值模拟。     

土塞效应对PCC桩振动特性影响的数值模拟

采用ABAQUS建立土塞效应作用下PCC桩的三维有限元模型,对土塞效应下PCC桩的低应变瞬态动测响应进行模拟,得出不同土塞率、不同土塞与桩壁摩擦系数下的桩顶速度时域和频域响应。结果表明:(1)随着土塞率的增大,速度时域曲线中的第一阶反射波峰的幅值减小,且幅值减小依然受三维效应的影响。(2)随着摩擦系数的增大,速度时域曲线中的第一阶反射波峰与第二阶反射波峰的幅值逐渐减小,且第一阶反射波峰幅值的减小程度较为微弱、呈线性变化,第二阶反射波峰幅值的减小程度更为显著、呈非线性变化,波形在第二个反射波峰之前才开始出现分离现象。(3)土塞效应导致波动在土塞段传播的速度减小,土塞效应越强,削减作用越强。(4)土塞效应削弱了纵向振动,横向振动与弯曲振动的耦合,从而导致PCC桩导纳曲线共振峰幅值下降。     

AN OPTIMIZATION OF EIGENFUNCTION EXPANSION METHOD FOR THE INTERACTION OF WATER WAVES WITH AN ELASTIC PLATE

The hydroelastic interaction of an incident wave with a semi-infinite horizontal elastic plate floating on a homogenous fluid of finite depth is analyzed using the eigenfunction expansion method. The fluid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible and the wave amplitudes are assumed to be small. A two-dimensional problem is formulated within the framework of linear potential theory. The fluid domain is divided into two regions, namely an open water region and a plate-covered region. In this paper, the orthogonality property of eigenfunctions in the open water region is used to obtain the set of simultaneous equations for the expansion coefficients of the velocity potentials and the edge conditions are included as a part of the equation system. The results indicate that the thickness and the density of plate have almost no influence on the reflection and transmission coefficients. Numerical analysis shows that the method proposed here is effective and has higher convergence than the previous results.     

两层黏性流体中直立圆柱体绕流的三维数值模拟

研究了两层流体中直立贯底圆柱体的三维黏性绕流问题.以不可压缩Navier-Stokes方程为控制方程,应用VOF方法追踪两层流体的内界面,建立了该问题的数值模拟方法.成功地数值模拟了两层流体中圆柱体黏性绕流产生的三维尾涡特征,表明了流体的密度分层效应对直立贯底圆柱体的尾涡特性和阻力系数都是有影响的.在海洋立管涡激振动的研究中,考虑流体的密度分层效应是重要的.     

基于SWASH模型的近岸波浪传播变形数值模拟

SWASH模型是一种新型的非静压时域波浪模拟。为了探讨SWASH模型对于解决近岸波浪传播变形问题的适用性,在对其控制方程、边界条件、数值解法等进行介绍的基础上,采用该模型分别模拟了正向规则波、斜向规则波和斜向不规则波入射条件下L形防波堤附近水域的波浪场和波生流场,并与物理试验结果进行对比。结果表明,SWASH模型较好地复演了波浪在近岸区域所发生的浅水变形、折射、破碎,以及堤前反射、堤内绕射等物理现象,波高沿断面的定量分布与试验结果吻合良好,同时较好地模拟了不同波况下防波堤附近水域的波生流场,说明该模型适用于复杂岸线和地形条件下波浪传播变形的数值模拟。     

局部开孔防波堤对斜向波反射的理论分析和试验研究

本文通过理论分析和试验研究相结合的方法，探讨了斜向规则波与局部开孔防波堤的相互作用。流体运动的计算域被分成两个子域，一个区位于开孔沉箱结构物外侧，另一个区位于结构物内。在每个子区域内，应用分离变量法和特征函数展开法以求得相应的速度势，在速度势的特征展开中考虑了非传播模态波。理论计算与试验结果对比表明，二者符合较好。基于对不同因素影响的分析，给出了斜向规则波在局部开孔结构前反射率的简化计算公式，在工程设计中可用于预估类似条件下结构物前的波浪反射率。     

直立堤前能谱与反射系数和底流速的综合分析

通过波谱分析的方法，研究了堤前能谱，反射系数和底流速的各自分布规律，分析了它们的相互关系：从堤前能谱表达式推导出反射系数的表达式，并将该反射系数用于求堤前任意位置的底流速，给出了堤前与入射波的底流速的统一形式，实验及计算表明，在无基床条件下得到的堤前能谱和底流速关系可推广到低基床的相应情况。     

滑坡涌浪对坝面冲击压力的影响因素研究

库区边坡在强震、暴雨等作用下发生的滑坡失稳破坏会对挡水大坝形成巨大的涌浪冲击作用。本文针对库区滑坡涌浪对坝面的冲击压力问题,采用光滑粒子水动力学(SPH)方法研究了涌浪生成传播过程以及坝面涌浪冲击压力的分布形式,分析了滑坡体宽度、入水速度以及库区水深等因素对滑坡涌浪波高、坝面冲击压力的影响。结果表明,随着滑坡体宽度的增加,最大浪高降低,但是稳定波高增加,坝面冲击压力增大;随着滑坡入水速度的增加,波浪高度增加,但当入水速度增加到一定程度后,坝面冲击压力变化不明显;随着库区水深的增加,首浪高度降低,坝面最大冲击压力以及距离水面的相对作用位置基本不变。