Solution of an imperfect‐quality EOQ model with backorder under fuzzy lock leadership game approach

This paper considers an economic order quantity (EOQ) inventory model for items with imperfect quality and shortage backordering under several styles of managerial leadership via lock fuzzy game theoretic approach. The decision maker (DM) controls several cost components by playing as Player 1 on the one side and the consumers who may accept/reject those items (unwilling to buy those commodities) stands as Player 2 on the other side. First of all, we develop a profit maximization backlogging EOQ model where the imperfect items are screened out batchwise. Because of the fuzzy flexibility of the model parameters we also develop a fuzzy mathematical model by considering the demand, all cost parameters, and other input parameters of the inventory system as triangular lock fuzzy numbers. Then we develop a 3 × 3 matrix game by applying a five‐stage leadership theory employing several key vectors in the model itself. The problem has been solved for crisp, general fuzzy models of several leadership styles also. Numerical results show that for a cooperative game, inventory profit function reaches its maximum rather than the noncooperative game by the use of proper keys. Finally, comparative study, sensitivity analysis, and graphical illustrations are made to justify the new approach.     

智能决策支持系统的一种学习推理机

介绍几种软计算技术,并利用软计算融合技术,提出一种新的智能决策支持系统的学习推理系统。该学习推理系统可以用作智能决策支持系统的学习模块,由此可以生成智能决策支持系统的知识库。     

An economic order quantity model of imperfect quality items with partial backlogging

This article deals with an economic order quantity (EOQ) model in which a certain percentage of a lotsize is of imperfect quality products. This percentage follows a uniform distribution function. During the inspection of the total lot-size, a stock-out situation may occur. In a stock-out situation, a partial fraction of the demand is adjusted by partial back ordering and the rest of the demand is considered as a case of lost sales. The associated integrated expected profit function is generalised for the general distribution function of imperfect quality products. Then the objective function is maximised. Also, three special cases of the general model are studied. A suitable numerical example is provided to illustrate the model and the solution procedure. Comparison between the general and special cases are also shown with the help of numerical examples. Sensitivity analysis of the optimal solutions with respect to all individual parameters of the general model is carried out.     

An analysis of flexibility and quality improvement in a quality-adjusted EOQ model with finite-range stochastic lead-time

Traditional Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model operates under a series of highly restrictive assumptions, including, but not limited to, the assumptions of deterministic lead-time, perfect quality, and constant setup cost. Many variants of the traditional EOQ model have been developed as a result of relaxing one or more of these assumptions. These variants include a quality-adjusted EOQ model with finite-range stochastic lead-time which relaxed the deterministic lead-time and perfect quality assumptions. Utilizing the basic framework of the quality-adjusted model, the authors also considered the option of investment to improve the quality and obtained closed form relationships for the quality-adjusted and quality improvement models. This paper extends the previous work by investigating two additional models; one aimed at improving flexibility, through setup reduction, and the second considering the strategy of simultaneous investment in flexibility and quality improvement. Analytical and numerical results are presented for both models. These results indicate that significant savings over the quality-adjusted EOQ model with finite-range stochastic lead-time are realized for both the flexibility improvement and simultaneous models.     

Impact of information quality and decision-maker quality on decision quality: a theoretical model and simulation analysis

The impact of information technology (IT) on firm performance is widely studied but little understood. A common perception is that IT improves the quality of information, which, in turn, improves decision quality and performance. Several studies of IT-performance relationship have used managers' perceived as opposed to actual performance. We investigate the impact of information quality and decision-maker quality on actual decision quality using a theoretical and a simulation model. We use accuracy as the measure of quality. Our analysis shows that, depending on the decision-maker quality, decision quality may improve or degrade when information quality improves. The decision quality improves with higher information quality for a decision-maker that has knowledge about the relationships among problem variables. However, the decision quality of a decision-maker that doesn't know these relationships may degrade with higher information quality. Simultaneous improvement in information quality and decision-maker quality results in higher decision quality. The simulation model, which relaxes some of the assumptions made by the theoretical model, yields similar results. We explain how our results supplement the results of prior studies of IT-performance relationship. Our results underscore the need for including decision-maker quality in the investigation of the IT-performance relationship and the importance of developing quality decision support tools.     

Towards a model for the measurement of data quality in websites

Websites are, nowadays, the face of institutions, but they are often neglected, especially when it comes to contents. In the present paper, we put forth an investigation work whose final goal is the development of a model for the measurement of data quality in institutional websites for health units. To that end, we have carried out a bibliographic review of the available approaches for the evaluation of website content quality, in order to identify the most recurrent dimensions and the attributes, and we are currently carrying out a Delphi Method process, presently in its second stage, with the purpose of reaching an adequate set of attributes for the measurement of content quality.     

应用软件质量模型的建立与研究

应用软件在我国有着广阔的市场。怎样切实保证软件产品的质量,是我国软件业的一项十分重要的任务。在分析了软件质量模型的基础上,提出了在根据应用软件不同环境的基础上建立实用的软件质量模型的方法,并定性研究了软件质量模型中目标及属性的测定方法。     

PDCA视角下课程质量评价模型和保障策略研究——以C语言程序设计课程为例

课程质量是人才培养目标达成的关键环节。为了提升课程质量评价的科学性、专业性和有效性,文章根据课程的生命周期,将课程质量影响因素分为"课前"、"课中"、"课后"三个维度,构建了包含九大质量指标的课程质量评价模型,并结合C语言程序设计课程给出课程质量保障策略。该研究结果可为课程质量的评价和保障提供一定的参考。     

Use of an adaptable quality model approach in a production support environment

Many of the early quality models have followed a hierarchical approach; A set of factors that affect quality are defined but there is little scope for expansion. Later models allow collective decisions to be made as to what attributes constitute quality but comparison across projects is difficult as a result.The adaptable quality model overcomes these drawbacks by providing a set of standard quality factors whilst allowing for locally defined factors to be included. The approach enables a consensus to be reached as to what properties constitute quality and how those properties should be measured. This paper details the construction of the model together with results from its use in a production support environment at a major financial institution.     

Assessing the net benefits of achieving water quality targets using a bio-economic model

The aim of this study was to develop a bio-economic model to estimate the feasibility and net profit (or net costs) of achieving set water quality targets (sediment, nitrogen, phosphorus and herbicide load reductions) in the Burnett-Mary region within the southern portion of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), southern Queensland, Australia. Two sets of targets were evaluated, namely (1) Reef Plan Targets (RPTs) representing currently agreed targets, and (2) the more ambitious Ecologically Relevant Targets (ERTs) designed to halt the decline and improve the condition of the GBR. This paper describes the construction of a bio-economic optimisation framework linking field and catchment scale biophysical model results and farm economic analysis to solve for RPTs or ERTs assigned either regionally or within discrete basins. Key outcomes from the study were that RPTs could be achieved whereas ERTs required significant additional investment and were infeasible if individual basins must meet the targets.     

化学电源质量管理模型应用的研究

化学电源在现代社会应用中起着重要的作用,所以对电源产品的质量提出更高的要求,而影响电源质量可靠性最关键的因素是单体电池的一致性。本文主要采用主成分分析模型来研究影响单体电池一致性的主要因素,然后采用贝叶斯判别模型对单体电池的合格品与次品做出正确的判别分类,研究主成分分析模型使问题由复杂变简单,应用贝叶斯判别模型的研究验证和确认单体电池质量的可靠性,从而为组合电池的筛选和确保组合电池的质量可靠性提供理论依据和借鉴价值。     

Neuro‐filters used to enhance the image quality of video displays

Abstract— Digital images can be affected by external factors. There are many types of noise which affect digital images. Image filtration is a basic method used to suppress such hindrances. The disadvantage of most filtration methods and hardware filters created on their behalf is their inability to react to changes in the input signal. The structure of the filters used for image processing is similar to the structure of a bi‐dimensional neural‐network matrix. Investigations have shown that a system with serial‐parallel filters of any degree of complexity can be created on the basis of the neural‐network matrices. Each neural‐network matrix layer acts as a separate neuro‐filter which can be trained and adapted to changes in the characteristics of the images. The neural‐network matrices allow for the creation of various types of linear and nonlinear filters, as well as combinations on the basis of a uniform structure. It allows for the design of a universal hardware neuro‐filter structure that can perform as different types of filters by means of loading the connectors weight. In our paper, we consider the realization of neuro‐filters based on a neural‐network matrix, which allows the processing of both static and moving images and increases the image sharpness, suppresses the noise, and detects movable objects in the processed image.     

A risk based model for quantifying the impact of information quality

Information quality is one of the key determinants of information system success. When information quality is poor, it can cause a variety of risks in an organization. To manage resources for information quality improvement effectively, it is necessary to understand where, how, and how much information quality impacts an organization's ability to successfully deliver its objectives. So far, existing approaches have mostly focused on the measurement of information quality but not adequately on the impact that information quality causes. This paper presents a model to quantify the business impact that arises through poor information quality in an organization by using a risk based approach. It hence addresses the inherent uncertainty in the relationship between information quality and organizational impact. The model can help information managers to obtain quantitative figures which can be used to build reliable and convincing business cases for information quality improvement.     

Dynamic model of online information quality perceptions and impacts: a literature review

This paper reviews the literature related to the concept of information quality (IQ) in the context of the online environment to understand how it has been conceptualised in the Information Systems (IS) literature, to identify gaps in the literature, and to make recommendations for future research. This study also extends the Information Processing Model (IPM) and proposes a novel dynamic model of online IQ perceptions and impacts. To understand the online IQ construct, an in-depth review of the literature is conducted. Overall, we reviewed 508 journal articles published between 1995 and 2016. This study found that there is a substantial gap in the IS literature in regards to a full understanding of the online IQ construct and its relation with the IPM. More research is needed to understand the way individuals process and respond to online information. Further, although the importance of context in theory development has been emphasised in the literature, very few empirical articles have explored the impact of contextual factors on the IPM as well as perceived online IQ. The findings provide online vendors with important guidelines that should be considered to motivate individuals to acquire more information from their websites that could lead to more satisfied and loyal users.     

Utilization of a systemic business process re-engineering method as a tool to improve software process quality

This paper suggests that a software process can be viewed as an instance of a business process. Therefore software process improvement might be achieved by applying the concepts of Business Process Re-engineering (BPR). BPR is introduced and the recent work of Jacobson, using object-oriented concepts to construct a BPR framework, is described. The paper critiques Jacobson's approach as being essentially reductionist, and presents an alternative approach, State-Behaviour Modelling (SBM), that utilizes systems principles in the analysis of problem situations, while generating object models. The application of SMB to model and improve a component of a software development process, is presented.     

Enhancing e‐learning quality through the application of the AKUE procedure model

The paper describes the procedure model AKUE, which aims at the improvement and assurance of quality and cost efficiency in the context of the introduction of e‐learning and the development of digital learning material. AKUE divides the whole planning and implementation process into four different phases: analysis, conception, implementation, and evaluation. AKUE analyses at which level of the organization or curriculum decisions have to be made. Accordingly, it differentiates various types of projects for which different planning methods and quality criteria are applied. For each step, specific worksheets and procedures are applied in order to support planning and decision making. Through the definition of outcomes and feedback loops at each step, quality standards and cost efficiency can be achieved.     

Helpfulness of user-generated reviews as a function of review sentiment,product type and information quality

Helpfulness of user-generated reviews has not been studied adequately in terms of the interplay between review sentiment (favorable, unfavorable and mixed) and product type (search and experience). Moreover, the ways in which information quality relates to review helpfulness remain largely unknown. Hence, this paper seeks to answer the following two research questions: (1) How does the helpfulness of user-generated reviews vary as a function of review sentiment and product type? (2) How does information quality relate to the helpfulness of user-generated reviews across review sentiment and product type? Data included 2190 reviews drawn from Amazon for three search products—digital cameras, cell phones, and laser printers—as well as three experience products—books, skin care, and music albums. Review sentiment was ascertained based on star ratings. Investigation of the research questions relied on the statistical procedures of analysis of variance, and multiple regression. Review helpfulness was found to vary across review sentiment independent of product type. Besides, the relationship between information quality and review helpfulness was found to vary as a function of review sentiment as well as product type. The paper concludes with a number of implications for research and practice.     

The value of a certified quality management system: the perception of internal developers

There is growing interest among internal information technology (IT) departments in implementing a certified quality management system (QMS). This paper examines the forces that have influenced organizations that supply development services to adopt QMS models and explores the relevance of these forces to internal IT developers. The perceptions of internal developers regarding the value of QMS in addressing these forces were studied using a multiple case study involving four organizations. The results suggest that while the reasons given by external developers concern mainly the marketing advantages of adopting a QMS, internal developers envisage the major advantage to be an improvement in the development process.     

Protocol for developing ANN models and its application to the assessment of the quality of the ANN model development process in drinking water quality modelling

The application of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the field of environmental and water resources modelling has become increasingly popular since early 1990s. Despite the recognition of the need for a consistent approach to the development of ANN models and the importance of providing adequate details of the model development process, there is no systematic protocol for the development and documentation of ANN models. In order to address this shortcoming, such a protocol is introduced in this paper. In addition, the protocol is used to critically review the quality of the ANN model development and reporting processes employed in 81 journal papers since 2000 in which ANNs have been used for drinking water quality modelling. The results show that model architecture selection is the best implemented step, while greater focus should be given to input selection considering input independence and model validation considering replicative and structural validity.