工程管理信息化的继承与创新

在工程的全生命周期中,工程运营阶段的历时最长、成本投入最大,且是工程效益体现的主要环节。在工程运营阶段的成本投入中,能源、人力资源及设备更新占了很大的比重,对这些成本的有效控制,是信息化实现的重要目标之一;在工程运营阶段,工程管理机构与客户及合作伙伴共同构成信息化的主体,工程利益相关者的有效协作是信息化成功的关键所在,本文以机场信息化为例,对工程管理信息化的继承与创新进行了探讨。     

工程管理信息化架构研究

通过对实现工程管理信息化过程中各利益相关者的分析,提出了建立工程管理信息化的可参考途径,并对工程管理信息化架构的演变过程及相应模式进行了分析,提出了由服务层(service layer)、应用层(application layer)、资源层(resource layer)和基础设施层(infrastructure layer)构成的4层SARI架构。     

Virtual engineering in design and manufacturing

Manufacturing systems of the future highly demand that the product data are built into the product model,and smooth data transfer to other computer-aided technologies are enabled.Depending on the type of the manufacturing system,it is envisaged that virtual engineering(VE) technologies play a significant role in integrating the computer-based technologies involved in the product's life cycle.Simulations in a virtual world and exchange of real-time product or design data are among the benefits for today's global oriented manufacturing business.To highlight the significance of design as carrier of product data and the key role played by VE technologies to inter-link design,manufacturing and associated components,this paper presents an overview and analysis of the state-of-the-art VE technologies to indicate potential applications and future research directions.     

Additive manufacturing techniques for scaffold-based cartilage tissue engineering

Articular cartilage damage is of great concern as it creates chronic pain and reduction of joint movement, leading to osteoarthritis. In current treatments, the resulting healing tissues lack structural organisation of cartilage and consequently have inferior mechanical properties when compared to native cartilage, therefore being prone to failure. Tissue engineering has long worked on cartilage regeneration and several requirements have been identified for the engineered structures to meet the desired function, by combining biodegradable and biocompatible materials, cells and growth factors, aiming at the production of biological structures closely resembling the native tissue. Within the scaffold based techniques for cartilage tissue production, conventional methods have shown limitations, especially regarding the control over the micro-structure and repeatability of the produced constructs. Therefore, additive manufacturing techniques grew popular, allowing for a high level of control over the internal scaffold architecture and external shape of the construct, as well as guaranteeing its reproducibility.     

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: manufacturing challenges

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine are interdisciplinary fields that apply principles of engineering and life sciences to develop biological substitutes, typically composed of biological and synthetic components, that restore, maintain or improve tissue function. Many tissue engineering technologies are still at a laboratory or pre-commercial scale. The short review paper describes the most significant manufacturing and bio-process challenges inherent in the commercialisation and exploitation of the exciting results emerging from the biological and clinical laboratories exploring tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. A three-generation road map of the industry has been used to structure a view of these challenges and to define where the manufacturing community can contribute to the commercial success of the products from these emerging fields. The first-generation industry is characterised by its demonstrated clinical applications and products in the marketplace, the second is characterised by emerging clinical applications, and the third generation is characterised by aspirational clinical applications. The paper focuses on the cost reduction requirement of the first generation of the industry to allow more market penetration and consequent patient impact. It indicates the technological requirements, for instance the creation of three-dimensional tissue structures, and value chain issues in the second generation of the industry. The third-generation industry challenges lie in fundamental biological and clinical science. The paper sets out a road map of these generations to identify areas for research.     

Innovative tissue engineering structures through advanced manufacturing technologies

Awide range of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques for the construction of three-dimensional (3-D) scaffolds for tissue engineering has been recently developed. In this study, we report and compare two methods for the fabrication of poly-(epsilon-caprolactone) and poly-(epsilon-caprolactone)-poly-(oxyethylene)-poly-(epsilon-caprolactone) copolymer scaffolds. The first technique is based on the use of a microsyringe and a computer-controlled three-axis micropositioner, which regulates motor speed and position. Polymer solutions are extruded through the needle of the microsyringe by the application of a constant pressure of 10-300 mm Hg, resulting in controlled polymer deposition of 5-600 microm lateral dimensions. The second method utilises the heating energy of a laser beam to sinter polymer microparticles according to computer-guided geometries. Materials may be fed either as dry powder or slurry of microparticles. Both powder granulometry and laser working parameters influence resolution (generally 300 microm x 700 microm), accuracy of sintering and surface and bulk properties of the final structures. The two RP methods allow the fabrication of 3-D scaffolds with a controlled architecture, providing a powerful means to study cell response to an environment similar to that found     

The Hirsch index in manufacturing and Quality engineering

The Hirsch index (h) is a recent bibliometric indicator for assessing the research output of scientists. Its most remarkable characteristics are immediate intuitive meaning, effective synthesis and easy calculation. With few modifications, the use of this indicator can be profitably extended to other fields beyond bibliometrics. The main novelty of the paper is to suggest some potential applications in manufacturing and Quality engineering, focussing the attention on the h capacity to aggregate and synthesize the most commonly used metrics in these areas. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The use of industrial engineering in Hong Kong manufacturing industry

This paper reports the results of a survey of the use and place of industrial engineering techniques in 29 manufacturing establishments in the light engineering, electronics, garment, and scientific equipment sectors of Hong Kong industry. The results are compared with those of similar surveys in Europe and North America. The conclusions are that the number and use of industrial engineering techniques and their place in the organization of manufacturing industry in the newly industrialized city-state of Hong Kong is comparable with that found some seven to ten years previously in the U.S.A. and Europe.     

Towards an ontology of generic engineering design activities

This paper argues that there is no shared understanding (i.e. an ontology) of the design activities that designers perform in the design process. Hence the purpose of the paper was directed towards identifying and classifying a generic set of design activities from published literature into what are referred to as design definition activities, design evaluation activities and design management activities. In an attempt to achieve a shared understanding of these activities, a set of consistent and coherent definitions of these activities are deliberated and presented. A knowledge level representation based on Newells Knowledge Level hypothesis governed by the Principle of Rationality is used to represent a design activity that is motivated by a design goal of that activity through which input knowledge is changed into output knowledge by the design agents knowledge. The ontological completeness, clarity and coherence of activities are evaluated through a protocol analysis and the design process in the domain of electronic design (in particular System-on-a-Chip designs (SoC)).

A manufacturing system design framework for computer aided industrial engineering

This paper describes a framework that formalizes within a concurrent engineering approach the key steps in the process of manufacturing systems design. Many of the functions performed by industrial engineers, ergonomists and process planners are included in the framework and may be used iteratively as design detail is progressively added. The paper describes the framework and prototype software, indicates how the framework is evaluated and illustrates how a workplace may be designed. The emphasis of the work is the design of human centred manual assembly systems. The overall objective of the work is to improve the process of manufacturing systems design.     

Analytic hierarchy prioritisation of new product development activities for electronics manufacturing

New product development (NPD) is a managerial process, performed by many activities. The purpose of this paper is to present the application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to prioritise activities of NPD for manufacturing companies of electronic products. Mathematical modelling was the research method adopted. An electronics cluster located in the southeast region of Brazil was studied. Therefore, 10 of the 42 activities from an NPD model were suggested to be excluded for the electronics companies. These activities have less than 0.5% overall priority. The results from the AHP application were welcomed by the companies’ NPD experts.     

Concurrent engineering: decomposition and scheduling of design activities

Design of complex products or large scale systems involves hundreds of resources (designers, analysts, computers, software systems, and procedures) and thousands of design activities. In this paper, a methodology is presented for decomposition of the design task into activities and modules. The methodology is based or clustering of design activities into groups that allow effective organization oi resources required in the design process. A knowledge-based approach is used for managing design activities. The system performs analysis aiming at exploring concurrency and reducing the design project makespan.     

The integration of manufacturing and cost information into the engineering design process

In manufacturing systems engaged in the batch manufacture of discrete products, critical decisions on materials and processes are made during the design phase, decisions having significant impact on costs of production. A new computer aided design tool has been developed to enable product designers in small to medium size companies to incorporate manufacturability and cost criteria into their decision making. The paper describes the rationale of the system and its mode of operation. Experiments to validate its practicality and usefulness have yielded encouraging results.     

Interdisciplinary product lines to support the engineering in the machine manufacturing domain

Current market dynamics force today’s companies to manufacture smaller lot sizes up to individual products. As a consequence, companies need to react to such changes; it is hence inevitable to ensure a correct, reliable and flexible engineering process, which allows for managing the highly variant-rich machines. This article investigates the applicability of interdisciplinary product lines for the engineering in the machine manufacturing domain. Therein, four core aspects are addressed: first, the current practice of companies regarding the management of variants is analysed. Second, the requirements to be fulfilled by an interdisciplinary variant management approach are analysed. Third, an interdisciplinary product line approach is presented that aims at overcoming the challenges. Fourth, the benefits and limitations of the approach are discussed and research gaps that need to be addressed in future works are identified.     

基于CT反求选区激光熔化制造个性化零件研究

为直接制造具有复杂外形的个性化金属结构件,采用"设计-制造"两步成型法,将CT图像反求与正向建模方法结合,获得个性化的股骨、手术模板及舌侧矫正器CAD数据,通过选区激光熔化技术完全熔化316L不锈钢粉末,由正交试验优化成型工艺参数,然后,制取设计构件.讨论了光纤激光器的细小光斑对成型精度的影响,分析了层间错开扫描策略对...     

高校飞行器制造工程专业的综合实验课程教学研究

针对高校飞行器制造工程专业的综合实验课程教学,论文提出了设置飞机数字化设计制造一体化技术实验、飞机钣金精密塑性热成形工艺教学实验、飞机数字化柔性装配教学实验及飞机复合材料构件设计制造一体化技术等四大实验系列共14个实验的教学设想。这些实验既涉及传统的飞机制造工艺,也包括最新的飞机研制信息化手段。完成上述实验可提高本专业学生的动手能力,加深对飞行器产品制造过程各项知识点的理解。     

项目管理呼唤信息化

管理部门对建设项目传统的管理方式存在着信息资料传递时效性差和管理手段落后,数据处理量大、不能避免错误等方方面面的问题。为实现管理部门对建设项目动态变化的全面控制,适应其快速反应、科学决策等要求,提出了建设项目管理信息系统。项目管理信息系统的开发应用将大大提高管理部门对建设项目管理的效率和水平,降低管理成本,取得较好的经济效益和社会效益。     

Computer-based full scale fatigue testing

Computer-based methods can help to ease the difficulties of realistic full-scale testing by unravelling some of the complexities of multi-channel service loading simulation during the stages of data acquisition, data analysis and test rig control. The potential of these methods is illustrated by a simulated gun firing test — an extreme example which requires the facilities of three widely differing computer systems to carry out full-scale endurance tests.